什么是美国的印度-太平洋战略？

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美国表示，美国的印度-太平洋（Indo-Pacific）战略是对从太平洋（the Pacific Ocean）到印度次大陆这一地区的“牢不可破和持久的承诺”。

美国国务卿迈克·蓬佩奥在2018年7月30日的讲话中。(© Alex Wong/Getty Images)

美国国务卿迈克·蓬佩奥（Mike Pompeo）2018年在阐述美国战略的时候说，“印度-太平洋地区的和平与繁荣对美国人民和全世界都至关重要。正是因为如此，印度-太平洋地区必须实现自由和开放。”

这项战略着重于经济、良政和安全三方面，它也将是蓬佩奥国务卿7月30日至8月5日访问该地区时的一个焦点。蓬佩奥此行第一站是曼谷（Bangkok），在那里他将会晤东盟国家（Association of Southeast Asian Nations）外长，并参与湄公河下游行动计划（Lower Mekong Initiative）。随后他将前往澳大利亚和密克罗尼西亚联邦。

美国商务合作关系

商务接触位于实现自由与开放的印度-太平洋地区的美国目标的核心。没有任何国家可与美国对这一地区的投入规模相比。截至2018年，美国给这里带来的外国直接投资为9400亿美元，带动了地区增长。

蓬佩奥国务卿在2018年的一个讲话中说，“全世界的公民都知道，与美国公司打交道一目了然：诚实的合同，诚实的规定，没必要通过暗箱操作捣鬼。”

除私人投资外，美国在2018年列出的对数据、能源和基础设施项目的支持超过1.1亿美元，旨在帮助这个占世界人口三分之一和拥有世界六个最大经济体中的四个经济体的地区扩大繁荣。

美国致力于在整个地区，其中包括图中所示巴布亚新几内亚，开展新的公共-私人投资项目。(© Marc Anderson/Alamy)

例如，美国、澳大利亚、日本和新西兰正在合作建造的基础设施到2030年将为巴布亚新几内亚70%的地区提供照明和电力。

“好莱坞到宝莱坞”地区安全

作为印度-太平洋战略的安全内容之一，美国同这一地区国家开展军事训练和海上安全合作。美国印度-太平洋司令部（U.S. Indo-Pacific Command）——军界领导人非正式地将这一地区称为“好莱坞（Hollywood）到宝莱坞（Bollywood）”地区——负责领导这些努力。

美国海军“罗纳德·里根号”（USS Ronald Reagan）航空母舰在7月份地区演习中。(U.S. Navy/Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Kaila V. Peters)

美国还通过“随船观察员“项目提供帮助。这个项目使这个地区沿海国家的执法官员可以登上美国舰船，对发生在该国专属经济区内的非法活动采取执法行动。其中一些旨在制止人口贩运和毒品走私。

What is the U.S. Indo-Pacific strategy?

The United States describes its Indo-Pacific strategy as “an iron-clad and enduring commitment to” a region that spans from the Pacific Ocean to the Indian subcontinent.

U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo on July 30, 2018. (© Alex Wong/Getty Images)

“The American people and the whole world have a stake in the Indo-Pacific’s peace and prosperity,” U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo said in 2018 when he laid out the initiative. “It’s why the Indo-Pacific must be free and open.”

The initiative focuses on three areas — economics, governance, and security — and will be a focal point when the secretary travels to the region July 30–August 5. Pompeo’s first stop is Bangkok, where he will meet with foreign ministers from the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and participate in the Lower Mekong Initiative. Pompeo also will travel to Australia and the Federated States of Micronesia.

American business partnerships

U.S. business engagement is at the center of the U.S. goal of a free and open Indo-Pacific. No country invests more in the Indo-Pacific than the United States, which had $940 billion in foreign direct investment fueling growth in the region as of 2018.

“With American companies, citizens around the world know that what you see is what you get: honest contracts, honest terms and no need for off-the-books mischief,” Pompeo said in a 2018 speech.

Beyond private investment, the U.S. in 2018 outlined more than $110 million in U.S. support for digital, energy and infrastructure projects to help spread prosperity in a region home to a third of the world’s population and four of its six largest economies.

The U.S. is committed to new public-private investment projects in countries throughout the region, including Papua New Guinea (pictured). (© Marc Anderson/Alamy)

An example: the United States, Australia, Japan and New Zealand are partnering to build infrastructure that will bring light and power to 70 percent of Papua New Guinea by 2030.

Regional security ‘from Hollywood to Bollywood’

As part of the initiative’s security component, the U.S. works with countries in the region on military training and maritime security. The U.S. Indo-Pacific Command, which military leaders informally refer to as stretching “from Hollywood to Bollywood,” leads these efforts.

The U.S. Navy’s aircraft carrier USS Ronald Reagan during a regional exercise in July. (U.S. Navy/Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Kaila V. Peters)

The U.S. helps countries through “shiprider” programs, in which law enforcement officers from a coastal state can travel on U.S. vessels and prosecute illegal activities in their countries’ exclusive economic zones. Some of these programs aim to stop human trafficking and drug smuggling.