双语 | 杨紫琼：奥斯卡颁奖后，让我们一起关注女性和灾难援助
要想真正从一场灾难中恢复过来，并做好灾难预防工作，就必须在人道主义应对措施中纳入妇女和女童的特别需求。
To fully recover from a disaster and be prepared for the next one, the specific needs of women and girls must be factored into the humanitarian response.
”本文英文版首发于《纽约时报》，作者杨紫琼系著名演员和联合国开发计划署亲善大使。
The English version was oriiginally published on The New York Times. The author is Michelle Yeoh, actor and a United Nations Development Program goodwill ambassador.
杨紫琼（中）于2015年大地震后访问尼泊尔
Amitabha Drukpa寺庙
图片来源：Prakash Mathema/Agence France-Presse
— Getty Images
过去几星期，世界各地的许多人和我一同庆祝了我职业生涯的许多个“第一”---从赢得我的第一个金球奖、美国演员工会奖和独立精神奖到收获我的首个奥斯卡奖（最佳女主角奖）。我十分感激事业上拥有这一难忘的时刻，但同样希望大家转而关注到另一个对我而言非常重要、且需要全世界重视的议题。
Over the past few weeks, many people around the world joined me in celebrating my career firsts — from winning my first Golden Globe, Screen Actors Guild Award and Independent Spirit Award to earning my first Oscar (for actress in a leading role). While I am grateful for this unforgettable moment in my professional life, I want to redirect that global spotlight to an issue that is very personal to me and warrants the world’s attention.
八年前的一个瞬间撼动了我对世界的认知，我的人生因此改变。
My life changed eight years ago when one moment shook my outlook on the world.
2015年4月25日，我和伴侣让 · 托德在尼泊尔访问当地组织。突然间，我感受到大地开始剧烈地颤抖。在我身处的低层建筑外，一场惨烈的地震在整个尼泊尔席卷开来。那是我人生中第一次感到如此害怕和慌乱。脚下的地面在剧烈地颤动，我很难站稳，只能努力地爬向门外逃生。因为不确定哪些建筑物足够坚固和安全，我们逃出来后在屋外待了好几个小时。
It was April 25, 2015, and I was in Nepal with my partner, Jean Todt, visiting local organizations. Suddenly, I felt the earth begin to tremble violently. Outside the doors of the low-rise building I was in, a deadly earthquake ravaged the country. I’ve never felt the type of fear and panic I felt that day, when the ground beneath me shook so powerfully, I couldn’t stand on my feet. I had to crawl to try to make it to the door to escape. When we emerged, we had to stay outside for hours, unsure which buildings were strong enough or safe enough to return to.
那一天，我是幸运的，我的身体上基本毫发无损，但心理上却受到了极大震动。直到今天，那次可怕的经历都仍令我心有余悸。我们下榻的酒店在地震中受损，不能重新进入，于是我们直接去了机场，在那里停留两夜后乘飞机疏散。在路上，我看到了周遭的断壁残垣。我忍不住一直在想，我自己还有容身之所，可是数以千计家庭的生活却毁于一旦，这是如此不公平的事情。
I was fortunate to make it through that day unscathed, but not untouched. The experience was terrifying. Its effects linger with me still. Our hotel was damaged during the earthquake and was no longer safe to enter, so we made our way straight to the airport, where we spent two nights before being evacuated by plane. As we got on the road, I saw the ruins and destruction all around me. I couldn’t shake the thought of how unfair it was that I had a home to go to, unlike the thousands of families whose entire lives were suddenly reduced to rubble.
地震发生三个星期后，我重返尼泊尔协助救灾工作；地震一年后，我作为联合国开发计划署亲善大使再次重返尼泊尔，亲眼目睹了在经历如此大规模的灾难后，深陷贫困的人们遭受了无法挽回的损失。
Disasters of such magnitude cause irreparable damage to the lives of those who already have so little. I witnessed this when I returned to Nepal to help with relief efforts three weeks after the earthquake and then again a year later, whenI returned as a goodwill ambassador for the United Nations Development Program.
上个月，一场大地震席卷了土耳其和叙利亚。在收看新闻报道时，我再一次想到了尼泊尔。即使在地震发生前，叙利亚的社会经济形势已经非常严峻，有约90%的人口身处贫困之中，还有数百万人亟需人道主义援助。许多灾民现在无家可归，无法重启生活和保护家人。
I thought again of Nepal when I watched the coverage of the devastating earthquake that hit Turkey and Syria last month. Even before the earthquake struck, the socioeconomic conditions in Syria were dire, with approximately 90 percent of the population living in poverty and millions in need of humanitarian assistance. Many are now homeless and lack the means to rebuild their lives or keep their families safe.
这些危机并不只限于眼前的灾难，还揭示了现存更深层次的不平等问题。贫困人群，特别是妇女和女童，在灾难面前首当其冲。一场灾难发生后，卫生医疗设施的缺乏以及安全问题严重影响了妇女。身为亲善大使，我亲眼看到女性往往是灾民当中最晚复工复学，最迟获得清洁用水、疫苗、身份证件、心理疏导和贷款等服务的一批人。
Crises aren’t just moments of catastrophe: They expose deep existing inequalities. Those living in poverty, especially women and girls, bear the brunt. In the immediate aftermath of a disaster, lack of sanitation, health facilities and safety disproportionately affect women. In my time as a goodwill ambassador, I have seen up close how women and girls are often the last to go back to school and the last to get basic services like clean water, vaccines, identity cards and counseling. They are typically the last to get jobs and loans.
联合国预计，接下来的几个月内将有四万多名叙利亚妇女会在缺乏卫生的条件下分娩。建筑物在地震中倒塌或变为危房后，许多妇女不得不在户外或者缺乏充足隐私保护的集体避难所中过夜，导致她们更有可能遭遇性暴力和侵犯，而灾后性暴力和性侵的数量会飙升。
In Syria the United Nations anticipates some 40,000 women will give birth in the coming months without access to sanitary conditions. When women have to sleep out in the open — often the case when buildings have collapsed or are unsafe — or in group shelters without adequate privacy or protection, they are at increased risk of sexual violence and assault, which skyrocket in the aftermath of a disaster.
要想真正从一场灾难中恢复过来，并做好灾难预防工作，就必须在人道主义应对措施中纳入妇女和女童的独特需求。
To fully recover from a disaster and be prepared for the next one, the specific needs of women and girls must be factored into the humanitarian response.
女性也需要在灾后恢复过程中发挥领导作用。然而，在危机来临时，极少数妇女能够参与关乎其存亡的决策。这种性别差距非常危险。研究显示，妇女在灾难中受到的影响是巨大的：妇女和女童在救灾工作中经常处于不利地位，妇女比男性更有可能承受饥饿。
Women must also play leadership roles in the recovery process. But women are woefully underrepresented in the decision making that affects their prospects of survival in times of crisis. This gap has a dangerous effect: Studies have shown that women are hit hardest in disasters. Women and girls are often at a disadvantage when it comes to rescue efforts, and women are more likely than men to suffer from hunger.
我们都知道，是女性支撑了她们所属的群体。女性的声音、领导力和充分参与是实现包容、成功、可持续复苏的关键。这就需要在重建社区、建设学校和市场时考虑女性的需求、当务之急和安全。同时还需要确保女性和男性能够公平获得信息、工作机会和技能训练，以及贷款和保险机制等一切重获经济稳定的要素。
We know women sustain their communities. Their voices, leadership and full participation are key to an inclusive, successful and sustainable recovery. This means considering women’s needs, priorities and safety when rebuilding neighborhoods and constructing schools and marketplaces. It means ensuring women have equal access to information, job opportunities and skills training, as well as loans and insurance mechanisms, which are all crucial to regain financial stability.
我们知道，让更多妇女在社区、国家和制度层面担任权力职位和决策者，有助于制定更具包容性的政策、法律和实践，保护和促进各个层面的性别平等。这就需要在家庭、职场、网络等所有场合实现对性别暴力的零容忍。这还需要投资妇女教育，确保在政府和社会的最高层能够听到她们的声音。
We know having more women in positions of power and as decision makers at community, national and institutional levels leads to more inclusive policies, laws and practices that protect and contribute to gender equality at all levels. It means striving for zero tolerance for gender-based violence at home, at work, online or anywhere else. And it also means investing in women’s education to ensure their voices are represented at the highest levels of government and society.
我们生活在一个疫情、战争、灾害频发的世界，我们还在与气候变化抗争。这些挑战让人感到难以逾越。但我们也生活在一个科技突飞猛进的时代。信息和通信技术是我们抗击这些危机最有力的伙伴。科技可以维持基本社会服务的运行、改善危机应对措施、助力社区、促进经济复苏。
We live in a world plagued by recurrent pandemic, war and disaster and are struggling with climate change. It can feel insurmountable. But we also live during a time of incredible technological advancements. Information and communication technologies are our most powerful allies in battling these crises. Technology keeps essential social services running, improves crisis response, strengthens communities and boosts economic recovery.
然而，数字世界也充斥着不平等。在全球范围内，有27亿人无法上网，其中多数为女性。世界银行表示，妇女因此在获得各个生活领域的信息和资源方面遇到诸多困难，难以充分防范、应对灾难并从中恢复。
And yet the digital world is also a place of inequality. Globally, 2.7 billion people are excluded from digital connectivity, more of them women. As a result, according to the World Bank, women face barriers in getting access to information and resources in all spheres of their lives, including how to adequately prepare for, respond to and cope with a disaster.
缩小数字鸿沟对于改变根深蒂固的性别社会规范至关重要，也能够确保在灾难发生前、发生时和发生后，女性的声音和领导力能够融入最高层。此外，我们必须对妇女教育进行可衡量的投资，推动数字素养和STEM教育。
Reducing the digital divide is critical in changing deeply ingrained gender social norms and ensuring that women’s voices and leadership are embedded at the highest levels before, during and after a disaster. Furthermore, we must make measurable investments in women’s education that promote digital literacy and STEM fields.
今年，我们距离实现联合国可持续发展目标的2030年目标日期还有一半的时间。可持续发展目标是全球共同愿景的蓝图，旨在实现一个没有贫困和不平等的世界。通过在联合国开发计划署的工作，我认识到，只有我们在生活的各个方面实现真正的性别平等——尤其在危机时期和在灾难预防工作中实现平等——才有可能实现这些全球目标。
This year we are halfway toward the 2030 target date to achieve what the United Nations calls Sustainable Development Goals, a blueprint for a shared global vision of a world without poverty or inequality. What I have learned through my work with U.N.D.P. is that realizing these global goals will be possible only if we achieve true gender equality, everywhere, and in all aspects of life — especially in times of crisis — and in anticipation of the next disaster.
我60岁了，刚刚赢得了人生中的第一个奥斯卡奖。我知道什么是坚毅力，也深知社会对女性的期望。我也深知，和我见过的一些身处危机前线的女英雄相比，我的经历根本不值一提。但如果我能在这个事业上的高光时刻做一件事，那就是让人们关注那些经常被忽视的人，那些正在重建社区、照顾儿童和老人、养家糊口的妇女。让我们确保在做出对她们影响最大的决定时，她们不会缺席。
I’m 60 years old, and I just won my first Oscar. I know something about perseverance, and I am all too aware of what society expects of women. I’m also well aware that my experience can’t compare at all with that of the women heroes I met who are on the front lines of crises. But if I can do one thing with this moment of my professional joy, it would be to point the spotlight on those who all too often go unacknowledged, the women who are rebuilding their communities, taking care of children and older people and putting food on the table. Let’s make sure they are not missing from the room when decisions are being made that affect them the most.
杨紫琼是一名演员及联合国开发计划署亲善大使。
Michelle Yeoh is an actor and a United Nations Development Program goodwill ambassador.
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