风林火山 - 源自东方的抽象 | 自由美术会 | 刘生容 : 构筑艺术的理想国
自由美术会
Free Art Society
在现代主义演进中，台湾抽象艺术得以迅速发展，涌现出以“自由美术会”为代表的抽象画群体。“自由美术会”成立于1964年，以刘生容与庄世和为代表。他们的色彩浓厚而单纯，明朗而强烈，以厚重油彩进行抽象形式的探索，寻求材质肌理的变化。
In the evolution of modernism, Taiwan’s abstract art was developed rapidly, and numerous abstract painting groups had emerged with the Free Art Society as the leading figure. The Free Art Society was established in 1964 with Liu Sheng-Rong and Chuang Shih-Ho as significant representatives. Colors of their paintings are dense and simple, bright and strong. They explored in an abstract form through thick oil paints, seek for changes in the texture and layer of the materials.
刘生容
Liu Sheng-Rong
刘生容，1928年出生于台南，其叔父是台湾前辈画家刘启祥，刘生容并未接受正规美术训练，自幼耳濡目染随叔父创作；1961年初赴日本，其独特且具台湾特点的表现手法，在日本初试啼声时，便博得瞩目。1968年移居日本，可谓是台日抽象艺术的第一把交椅。旅日期间，也曾代表日本参加若干国际级比赛及展览。
刘氏前期作品以厚重油彩及线条肌理进行抽象的探索，色彩不乏黑、红与金。此外刘生容深谙乐理，故画面展现高度音乐性，音律与笔触交叉使画面协调。而70年代，他的风格开始转趋“仪式性”强的表现手法；焚烧金纸贴于画面，运用金纸、银纸及神明等这种祭祀用品，加诸于他的作品，并再以不同语汇使这些文化意符重生。这一时期的创作，也受到外界瞩目，成功的把他个人独特的价值观及视觉世界，用绘画转嫁给世界各地的受众。
刘生容 Liu Sheng-Rong 作品 No.702 Work No.702
布面油画拼贴 Oil and Collage on Canvas
40x30.5cm 1972-1974
作品 No.702（细节） Work No.702 (Detail)
“身为一个艺术家，刘氏以绘画创作回应时代，将台湾的文化血缘及日本的政体认同构筑成一融合东西古今、世界大同的艺术乌托邦，凝集而生命的热情能量为恒久的艺术物件。”
—— 赖瑛瑛
台湾艺术大学艺术管理与文化政策研究所教授
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刘生容的创作生涯跨越了50年代至80年代，现今传世的作品约有百余件。在他四十多年的艺术事业中，创作风格可分为三个非常重要的时期。
早期（1949-1962）：从具象到抽象的转变
1961年赴日深造之后，刘生容的作品开始从具象转为非具象，同时，也致力于个人风格和符号的探索。音乐是这一时期刘生容创作的主要主题，并以浓厚的油彩大笔作画。他对材质、肌理的实验和对“具体形象”的完全解放，开启了他艺术生涯中一个全新的里程碑。
中期（1963-1970）：“烧金”系列时期
回台之后，刘生容在1964年加入了先锋艺术团体“自由美术会”，并开始在台湾艺坛崭露头角。期间最具代表性的作品是“烧金”系列，以红、黑、绿三种颜色为基础，并以中国民间祭拜用的金纸燃烧后加入作品中，形成视觉焦点。压缩的视觉空间及简约又浓烈的色彩对比，似乎冻结了刘生容如狂澜般燃烧的生命的能量，而平衡的构图却又显示他收纳激情后内敛的理智和智慧。当时《东京新闻》评论他为“中国画坛鬼才”。
刘生容 Liu Sheng-Rong 无题 Untitled
布面油画拼贴、金纸、树叶
Oil and Collage on Canvas, Golden Paper, Leaf
90x72cm 1968
无题（细节） Untitled (Detail)
展出于亚洲艺术中心（北京）-“风林火山-源自东方的抽象”
Exhibited in Zeigeist: Abstract Art of Eastern Origin at Asia Art Center (Beijing)
后期（1970-1980）：“甲骨文”系列时期
刘生容晚期的创作生涯，艺术风格再经历了一次显著的改变。除了红、黑、金之外，还在其画面中大量使用了白色。构图更规整，层次更庄严，并在作品中加入甲骨文、矩形及细微颗粒的元素，似乎是自己投向宇宙的冥思。往往作品的核心处都使用了民俗金纸上的福禄寿图样，意指着生命的最高理想。
刘生容 Liu Sheng-Rong 作品 No.002 Work No.002
布面油画拼贴 Oil and Collage on Canvas
116.5x91cm 1973
作品 No.002（细节） Work No.002 (Detail）
展出于亚洲艺术中心（北京）-“风林火山-源自东方的抽象”
Exhibited in Zeigeist: Abstract Art of Eastern Origin at Asia Art Center (Beijing)
Liu Sheng-Rong was born in Tainan in 1928 and his uncle is a well-established Taiwanese painter, Liu Chi-hsiang. Liu Sheng-Rong did not accept a formal art education, but he was immersed in the art works of his uncle and started painting under such an influence. Liu went to Japan in early 1961 and his unique technique of expression with Taiwanese imprinting received remarkable attention at its first try in Japan. Liu officially moved to Japan in 1968 and after that he was recognized as the leading artist who connected the absrtact art between Taiwan and Japan, and represented Japan in many international competitions and exhibitions.
刘生容 Liu Sheng-Rong 作品 No.1156 Work No.1156
布面油画拼贴 Oil and Collage on Canvas
116.5x91cm 1971
作品 No.1156（细节） Work No.1156 (Detail)
展出于亚洲艺术中心（北京）-“风林火山-源自东方的抽象”
Exhibited in Zeigeist: Abstract Art of Eastern Origin at Asia Art Center (Beijing)
In Liu's early works, he focused on exploring the abstract form with thick oil paints and the texure of lines; colors such as black, red and gold were frequently used in his works. In addition, Liu's works show a strong aesthetic feature of music due to his deep understanding of music theory, so the rhythms as well as the brush strokes endowed the layout of his works with a sense of harmony. In the 1970s, his works turned to show a strong tendency of employing “ceremonial” expression techniques: burning gold paper and sticking it onto his works. By using ritual objects such as gold and silver paper and images of gods, he gave these traditional cultural symbles a new meaning in his own artistic context. The artworks of this period also attracted a lot of attentions from the outside world, and Liu successfully passed his unique values and visual world to audiences around the world.
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“风林火山-源自东方的抽象”展览现场 亚洲艺术中心（北京）2019
View on Zeitgeist: Abstract of Eastern Origin at Asia Art Center (Beijing), 2019
刘生容作品 Works by Liu Sheng-Rong
关于艺术家 About Artist
刘生容 Liu Sheng-Rong (1928-1985)
重要个展：“方圆之间 - 刘生容纪念展”（台北市立美术馆，台北，1997）、“中国鬼才画家刘生容纪念展”（有乐町朝日画廊，东京，1985）、“刘生容个展”（台湾艺术馆（今台湾艺术教育馆）），台北，1963）、“刘生容个展”（竹川画廊，东京，1962）
重要联展：“风林火山- 源自东方的抽象”（亚洲艺术中心，北京，2019）、“西班牙国际美展”（西班牙，1983）、“加拿大国际美展”（加拿大，1982）、“新西兰国际美展”（新西兰，1969）、“圣保罗双年展”（圣保罗，1967、1963）、“第三届法国巴黎国际青年双年展”（巴黎，1963）
公共收藏：东京国立近代美术馆（日本）、神奈川县立近代美术馆（日本）、长冈现代美术馆（日本）、冈山市福武书店（日本）、东京都东光电气株式会社（日本）、台北市立美术馆（台北）、台北历史博物馆（台北）等
Selected Solo Exhibitions: “Liu Sheng Rong: A Retrospective” (Taipei Fine Arts Museum, Taipei, 1997), “The Retrospective Exhibition: the Talented Chinese Artist Liu Sheng-Rong” (Asahi Art Gallery, Tokyo, 1985), “The Solo Exhibition: Liu Sheng-Rong” (National Taiwan Arts Education Center, Taipei, 1963), “The Solo Exhibition:Liu Sheng-Rong” (Takekawa Gallery, Tokyo, 1962)
Selected Group Exhibitions: “Zeitgeist: Abstract Art of Eastern Origin” (Asia Art Center, Beijing, 2019), “The International Art Exhibition in Spain” (Spain, 1983), “The International Art Exhibition in Canada” (Canada, 1982), “New Zealand International Art Exhibition” (New Zealand, 1969), “Bienal de São Paulo” (Sao Paulo, 1967, 1963), “The 3rd International Youth Exhibition” (Paris, 1963)
Public Collections: National Modern Art Museum (Japan), Museum of Modern Art (Japan), Nagaoka Contemporary Art Museum (Japan), Fukutake Book Store (Japan), Toko Electric Co., Ltd. (Japan), Taipei Fine Arts Museum (Taipei), National Museum of History (Taipei).
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