四六级翻译考点预测（三）| 传统体育、休闲活动

距离6月16日四六级考试剩下不到两周时间，

小编今天为大家准备的是

传统体育、休闲活动相关的翻译素材，

包含非常多该主题的常用词汇和表达，

同学们一定要抓紧时间复习啦！

在接下来的日子里，

小编将继续发布

四六级翻译考点预测系列推文，

一定要关注哦！

蹴鞠

蹴鞠是中国古代的一项球类运动，很可能产生于先秦时期。竞技性蹴鞠运动主要用于士兵的体能训练，而其他方式的蹴鞠运动则是流行于民间的娱乐方式。1 蹴鞠在汉朝时已非常流行，在唐宋时期达到顶峰，并发展出多种玩法。然而到了明代，蹴鞠在军队中被禁止，因为皇上认为沉溺于蹴鞠运动会破坏军人士气。尽管如此，该禁令并未改变蹴鞠的娱乐性质，这项运动仍然在民间流行。2 清代中叶以后，随着现代足球的传入，中国传统的蹴鞠运动被现代足球取代。3 2004年，国际足联确认足球的最早形式是蹴鞠。2006年，蹴鞠经国务院批准列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录。

Cuju is a ball game in ancient China that probably came into existence during the pre-Qin period. The competitive form of cuju mainly served as fitness training for soldiers, while other forms were prevalent among the commoners for entertainment. In the Han Dynasty the sport of cuju became very popular. During the Tang and Song dynasties cuju reached its zenith and evolved into several different ways to play. However, cuju was banned in the army during the Ming Dynasty, as the emperors worried excessive indulgence in the game would corrupt the morale of the soldiers. But the ban didn’t change the recreational nature of the sport, which was still popular among the people. With the introduction of modern football after the Mid-Qing Dynasty, the traditional Chinese cuju game was replaced by its modern counterpart. Cuju was recognized by FIFA in 2004 as the earliest form of football. In 2006, cuju was added to the National Intangible Cultural Heritage List by the State Council.

翻译简析

1 “蹴鞠运动”在本句中出现两次，因结构一致，第二处“蹴鞠运动”在翻译时可以省略。另外，句中的“流行”译成了prevalent，以体现用词的变化。

2 这里将“这项运动仍然在民间流行”翻译成了非限定性定语从句，和原句中的功能相当。当然，也可以翻译为独立的单句The game was still popular among the people。

3 句中的“现代足球”与中国古代的蹴鞠属于同类运动，将“被现代足球取代”译为replaced by its modern counterpart十分贴切。当然，也可翻译为replaced by modern football。

武术

中华武术又称功夫，是中国传统文化的重要组成部分。1 作为一项宝贵的文化遗产，中华武术源远流长，在民间的影响根深蒂固。2 武术起源于中国古代人民防身、捕猎和军事训练的需要。如今，人们习武则是出于防身、竞技、娱乐，以及增进身心健康等目的。随着国际文化交流的加深，中华武术越来越受到外国人的喜爱。有不少外国人到中国学习中国功夫。近年来，中国拍摄了一系列武侠电影，扩大了中华武术的影响，对中华武术走向世界起到了推动作用。3 武术已成为传播中国文化的重要途径之一。

Chinese martial arts, also known as kung fu, are an important part of traditional Chinese culture. As a precious cultural heritage, Chinese martial arts boast a long history and exert a deep-rooted influence among the people. Martial arts stemmed from the need for self-defense, hunting, and military training in ancient China. At present, people practice martial arts for a variety of purposes: self-defense, competition, entertainment, as well as mental and physical health. With the increasing international cultural exchanges, Chinese martial arts are getting more and more popular with foreigners. Many foreigners come to China to learn Chinese kung fu. In recent years, China made a series of martial arts films, which have extended the influence of Chinese martial arts and helped it advance to the world. Chinese martial arts have become one of the important ways to spread Chinese culture.

翻译简析

1 “功夫”一词已被收入英语词典，因此不宜用拼音翻译。

2 句中“源远流长”指的是历史悠久，因此翻译为boast a long history。“影响根深蒂固”是主谓结构，在翻译时转译为a deep-rooted influence，更符合英语表达习惯。

3 本句的重点信息是“中国拍摄了一系列武侠电影”，后面的“扩大了中华武术的影响，对中华武术走向世界起到了推动作用”是对这些电影的进一步说明。从英语行文的结构上来看，将后面的内容翻译为定语从句十分合适。

茶文化

茶是中国的瑰宝，是中国传统文化的重要组成部分。1 相传，中国的一位帝王于四千多年前发现了茶，最初是作为药物来使用的。从古代起，茶已深深融入中国人的日常生活当中。2 茶和柴、米、油、盐、酱、醋一起，被认为是中国人日常生活中的七样必需品。饮茶大约在唐代传到日本，后来传到欧美国家。中国茶与中国丝绸和瓷器一样，成为中国在全世界的代名词。3 根据加工方法的不同，中国传统茶主要分为六大类：绿茶、红茶、乌龙茶、白茶、黄茶和黑茶。4 中国人饮茶的时候非常注重品茶。饮茶已经成为一门艺术，称为“茶道”。

As a treasure of China, tea is an important part of traditional Chinese culture. Legend has it that tea was discovered over 4,000 years ago by a Chinese emperor, used as a kind of medicine at the beginning. Tea has become an integral part of Chinese people's daily life since ancient times. The beverage is considered one of the seven necessities of Chinese people’s daily life, along with firewood, rice, oil, salt, soy sauce, and vinegar. Tea-drinking was probably spread to Japan in the Tang Dynasty, and later to European and American countries. Chinese tea, just like Chinese silk and porcelain, has become a synonym worldwide for China. According to different methods of processing, traditional Chinese tea can be categorized into six major types: green tea, black tea, oolong tea, white tea, yellow tea, and dark tea. When drinking tea, Chinese people place much importance on savoring tea. Tea-drinking has evolved into an art, which is referred to as “tea ceremony”. 

翻译简析

1 本句在翻译时对“茶是中国的瑰宝”作了灵活处理，翻译为状语。当然，也可以翻译为并列句Tea is a treasure of China and…。

2 “深深融入中国人的日常生活当中”如果逐字翻译会显得生硬。译文通过become an integral part来体现“深深融入”的意思，自然贴切。

3 这里的“代名词”其实就是“同义词”，因此译为synonym。

4 “可分为……大类”一般译为can be categorized into… 或can be classified into…。此外，“红茶”的英文是black tea，不能翻译为red tea。

以上内容整理自《大学英语文化翻译教程》。

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《大学英语文化翻译教程》以中国传统文化、中国现代社会经济发展及改革开放成就为主要内容，兼顾典型的西方社会文化现象，传授文化翻译技巧，加强英汉互译训练，帮助学生在学习文化知识的同时提升翻译能力，是备考四六级文化翻译的有效素材！

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