捷报！

快看！嫦娥四号落月视频首次公开

11日国家航天局公布了嫦娥四号月背着陆视频，嫦娥四号搭载的相机，第一视角记录了人类探测器首次月背着陆全过程。不得不看，要多燃有多燃！

捷报！嫦娥四号任务圆满成功

11日下午，嫦娥四号着陆器与玉兔二号巡视器工作正常，在“鹊桥”中继星支持下顺利完成互拍，地面接收图像清晰完好，中外科学载荷工作正常，探测数据有效下传，搭载科学实验项目顺利开展，达到工程既定目标，标志着嫦娥四号任务圆满成功。至此，中国探月工程取得“五战五捷”。

嫦娥飞升，玉兔探月：中国探月工程背后的民间传说

 今天上午，小编兴奋地告诉大家

“嫦娥四号”给大家发图图图图图图啦

被唤醒后的玉兔二号

 “蹦跶”得好欢呢

在小玉兔奋力工作之外

你了解中国探月工程

背后的民间传说吗

快拿好小本本

歪果美女小编

知道的也许比你还要多哦

在西方人眼中，月亮充满神秘色彩。英语俗语“越过月球（over the moon）”就是“欣喜异常”的意思。此次“嫦娥四号”飞升月球，成功登陆，的确让世界为之欣喜。这次壮举在国际上首次实现了月球背面软着陆和巡视探测，也首次实现低频射电天文观测与研究，为人类进一步了解月球的秘密做出了巨大的贡献。

中国人对月球的向往古而有之。明朝官吏万户曾被认为是“历史上首位尝试用火箭升空的人”。在1909年出版的《科学美国人》中，有记载称万户尝试用绑着火箭和风筝的座椅飞入太空。虽然现存的中国历史资料中尚无关于此事的记载，美国国家航空航天局还是将月球表面的一个陨石坑命名为“万户”，以纪念这种探索无垠太空的科学精神。

对月球的向往，也使得这颗天然的地球卫星在中国传统文化中占有一席之地。中国探月工程中许多项目和设备的命名，其实就是一部有关月球的中国民间大百科，每一个名字都蕴含了极为深厚的文化内涵。请随着小编的脚步，一同开启我们的民间传说探月工程吧！

China’s lunar exploration program has once again caught the world’s attention when last week its Chang'e 4 mission made the first ever soft-landing on the dark side of the moon. The mission released a lunar rover called Yutu 2, or Jade Rabbit 2, to map the moon’s inner structures, as well as analyzing soil and rock samples.

For centuries, Chinese people have been making endless efforts to explore the secrets of the moon. Wan Hu, a legendary Chinese official living in the middle of the Ming Dynasty (16th century), was said to be the world’s first “astronaut”, allegedly being lifted into outer space on a rocket chair. Though there is no historical evidence to support this tale, a crater on the far side of the moon was named after Wan by NASA.

China's desire to explore the moon has also made this natural satellite of the earth an important element of the country’s folklore. Like an encyclopedia of moon-related tales, China’s lunar exploration program contains deep cultural connotations. Follow our lead and embark on our Chinese folklore journey to the moon!

嫦娥：月之女神

中国探月工程又被称作“嫦娥工程”，嫦娥在中国传统文化中的重要性可见一斑。这位中国的月之女神拥有惊人的美貌和永恒的青春，但却痛失爱侣，孤独终身。

有关嫦娥的历史记载最早见于商代的巫卜书。1993年在湖北江陵王家台15号秦墓中出土的秦简《归藏》中记载“昔者恒我（姮娥）窃毋死之药于西王母，服之以（奔）月。”在早期的历史典籍中，嫦娥被认为是射日英雄后羿的妻子。后羿因拯救苍生黎民有功而获不死药，但妻子嫦娥却私自吞服，羽化登仙，在月球孤独终身。

现代的民间传说中，嫦娥奔月的故事则更具悲剧性。故事中，嫦娥被后羿的学徒逢蒙逼迫交出不死药，为了不让坏人得逞，嫦娥被迫服药，从此与自己的丈夫后羿两界相隔，终不复见。痛不欲生的后羿思妻心切，每当月圆之时都会用水果和糕点祭奠嫦娥，据说中秋节就是由此而来的。

不论被迫服药，还是偷药升仙，嫦娥的命运都是令人扼腕的。千百年来，她的故事激励着一代代中国人探索月球的奥秘。据新华社报道，中国的宇航员预计在2030年登月，或许在不久的将来，嫦娥终能摆脱孤独的厄运，见证中国探月工程的飞速发展。

Chang’e: Tragic moon goddess

The Chinese Lunar Exploration Program (CLEP) is also known as the Chang’e Project. As China’s moon goddess, Chang’e possessed breathtaking beauty and immortal youth, but in exchange, she lost her beloved husband forever.

Living in a very distant past, Chang’e and her husband, a skilled archer named Yi, had a wonderful life together. However, one day, ten suns rose into the sky and scorched the earth, taking millions of lives. Yi shot down nine of them, leaving only one sun to serve the people, and thus he was rewarded by the gods with the elixir of immortality.

Reluctant to enjoy immortality without his wife, Yi decided to hide the elixir. However, one day, while Yi was out hunting, his apprentice broke into his house and forced Chang’e to give him the elixir. To prevent the thief from obtaining it, Chang’e drank the elixir instead, and flew up to the moon to begin her immortal life. Though devastated, Yi displayed fruits and cakes his wife had liked during the full moon, and that’s how China’s Moon Cake Festival came to be.

Though a sad story, Chang’e has inspired generations of Chinese scientists to explore the secrets of her moon palace. As of 2018, China is in the preliminary stages of research for a crewed lunar landing mission in 2030. Perhaps, in the foreseeable future, people will fly back to the moon and save the goddess from her eternal loneliness.

玉兔：纯洁的象征

2018年8月15日，中国第二辆月球车的征名活动正式启动。在数万个备案的名称中，玉兔二号获选，反映了中国探月工程命名为嫦娥工程的文化渊源，与嫦娥三号“玉兔号”、嫦娥四号中继星“鹊桥号”一脉相承。

在中国的民间传说中，玉兔是善良纯洁的象征。传说玉皇大帝曾下凡人间，假扮成一位饥饿的老人向森林里的动物们索取食物。弱小的兔子没有能力为老人找来果腹之物，只能跳入火中，用自己的肉体拯救饥饿之人。玉皇大帝颇受感动，便将兔子化为月宫中的神祗玉兔，陪伴寂寞的嫦娥。

玉兔善良、纯洁、敏捷的形象与月球车的构造、使命既形似又神似，反映了我国和平利用太空的立场。实际上，玉兔2号所携带的设备中，有一些的确是中国和其他国家合作的产物，这也反映了中国与世界合作，共同探索月球奥秘的伟大理念。

Yutu: Symbol of purity

China’s lunar rover, the first to ever land on the far side of the moon, was named Yutu in August 2018, after the country launched a worldwide poll to find a suitable name. According to Xinhua, a total of 42,945 proposed names were submitted within a month, but Yutu was chosen due to its representation of kindness and purity, reflecting China’s peaceful use of space.

According to Chinese folklore, the jade rabbit used to live in a forest with other animals. One day, the Jade Emperor disguised himself as an old, starving man and begged the jade rabbit for food. Being weak and small, the jade rabbit couldn't help the old man, so instead jumped into the fire so that the old man could eat its flesh.

Moved by the generous gesture, the Jade Emperor (the first god in Chinese mythology) sent the rabbit to the moon, and there he became the immortal Jade Rabbit. The Jade Rabbit was given the job of making the elixir of immortality, and the story goes that the rabbit can still be seen creating the elixir with a pestle and mortar on the moon.

鹊桥：连接时空的桥梁

嫦娥四号的中继卫星被命名为鹊桥，是世界上首颗运行于地月拉格朗日L2点的通信卫星，承担了地球与嫦娥4号之间的通讯任务。玉兔2号探月车登月的图片正是通过鹊桥中继卫星发回地球的。

在中国民间传说中，每逢农历七月七日，喜鹊便会在银河上架起桥梁，让被迫相隔的牛郎和织女得以相见。鹊桥在中国文化中也逐渐演化成良缘的代名词。鹊桥不但寄托了中国人民对美好生活和珍贵爱情的渴望，也成为地球和月球之间的使者。令中国人千百年来魂牵梦萦的月球秘密，终将通过这座桥梁大白天下，地球和月球的良缘，也会因为这座沟通的桥梁而逐渐展开。

Queqiao: A bridge through space and time

The relay satellite for the Chang’e 4 lunar probe is named “Queqiao” (magpie bridge), via which the images of the dark side of the moon are sent back to earth. The satellite is designed to allow radio communication between the far side of the moon and earth without any interference.

In Chinese folklore, Queqiao also serves as a bridge of communication, but for a separated couple, rather than for the earth and the moon.

In the story of The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl, one of China’s four Great Folktales, the love between the two characters was not allowed, as the weaver girl was a heavenly goddess, while the cowherd was a mere mortal. Though deeply in love, they were banished to opposite sides of the Silver River, or the Milky Way. Once a year, on the 7th day of the 7th lunar month, a flock of magpies is said to form a bridge, over which the couple can be reunited for a single day. 

近期热文（点击蓝色字体即可阅读）

• 【学习时间·经典诵读】第一集 —— 以理想信念塑造挺拔灵魂

新疆农业大学大学生记者团

来源：人民网

编辑：陈欣

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