扫盲帖：马照跑，舞照跳！海南岛要搞马彩了？
生性嗜赌的钟须有，做梦梦见中了马票头奖，却不慎将马票丢失。马票后来失而复得，他一度春风得意，对往日帮助过他的师父和老同学忘恩负义——可想而知，这个荒唐的梦结局十分惨烈，钟须有最终妻离子散、钱财尽失。于是，一觉醒来，心有余悸的钟须有惊觉往日做过的荒唐事，立下决心戒除赌瘾，重新做人。
这是1952年出品的香港电影《马票狂》里面的故事。
艺术源于生活，马票的故事在香港似乎司空见惯。
而4月14日中共中央、国务院发布的《关于支持海南全面深化改革开放的指导意见》指出，“支持在海南建设国家体育训练南方基地和省级体育中心，鼓励发展沙滩运动、水上运动、赛马运动等项目。支持打造国家体育旅游示范区。探索发展竞猜型体育彩票和大型国际赛事即开彩票。”
所以说，海南岛要试水“马彩”之类的博彩了？
赌神：马彩？呵呵！你想多了！
On April 14, China issued a reform agenda, saying that it would encourage horse racing and other projects in south China’s Hainan Province, including beach and water sports as well as expanding sport lotteries. “The province should also explore the development of sports lottery and instant lottery on large-scale international games,” said the reform agenda.
Does that mean Hainan will permit “gaming” such as horse betting?
It is still too early to say.
海南岛要搞的到底是啥玩意儿？
在建省办经济特区30周年的节点，海南迎来了政策大礼包。
中共中央、国务院发布的《关于支持海南全面深化改革开放的指导意见》第五点第十二条指出：支持在海南建设国家体育训练南方基地和省级体育中心，鼓励发展沙滩运动、水上运动、赛马运动等项目。支持打造国家体育旅游示范区。探索发展竞猜型体育彩票和大型国际赛事即开彩票。
从字面意思看，海南岛要搞的博彩似乎和我们平常所理解的博彩不一样。我们平时所说的幸运博彩，就是这种👇
挺刺激的…
而海南岛要大力发展的“博彩”并不是这种“幸运博彩”，毕竟，现在在中国大陆做幸运博彩、搞赌场可是违法的！所以海南岛要大力发展的是“竞技类博彩”，也就是原文所说的“体育彩票”。
In fact, the “gaming” Hainan will support is not the usual type. The “gaming” in some films, such as God of Gamblers, are games of chance, whose outcome is strongly influenced by some randomizing device, and upon which contestants may choose to wager money or anything of monetary value. Common devices used include dice, spinning tops, playing cards, roulette wheels, or numbered balls drawn from a container.
At present, it is still against the law to develop games of chances, so the “gaming” that Hainan will support is sports lottery.
那么问题来了，什么是竞猜型体育彩票？
竞猜型体育彩票是指以某种比赛为游戏媒介，由投注者选择竞猜场次并预测比赛结果，以实际比赛结果为彩票兑奖依据的一种彩票游戏玩法。
面对相当大的市场容量，竞猜型彩票是体育彩票相对于福利彩票的优越所在，也被业内认为是真正的体育彩票。
A sports lottery is a lottery in which the players bet on the results and outcomes of popular sporting events. This kind of lottery is typically played using a pari-mutuel betting system, in which the bets are pooled together and evenly distributed among the winning bettors – that is, those who bet on a specific sporting result or outcome.
很好，接下来再看看即开型彩票。
简单来说，即开型彩票就是刮刮乐…
即开型彩票，是指购买者在购票之后立即就能知道中奖与否，并可当即兑奖。由于这种彩票节奏快，无需等待开奖，因而一出现便引起人们极大的兴趣。
看来大家中奖的心还是很急切的😊
不过，值得注意的是，海南岛要发展的可是“大型赛事即开型彩票”。
当“即开型彩票”前面加上“大型赛事”这一前缀时，一切都变得更刺激了。
传统即开型彩票会事先设置好奖金，不过大型赛事的即开型彩票需要以互联网为依托，对赛事结果进行实时互动，给出相应变动的赔率。
由于这种包含复杂算法的在线赔率需要即时更新，所以上线时离不开诸多技术支持。
也就是说，海南岛目前仍处于探索和配套的准备阶段。
It may still take a long time to develop the “instant lottery on large-scale international games” in Hainan. Instant lottery, also called scratchcard, is a small card, often made of thin paper for competitions and plastic to conceal PINs, where one or more areas contain concealed information which can be revealed by scratching off an opaque covering.
When instant lottery becomes relevant with “large lottery on large-scale international games,” everything becomes complicated. This kind of lottery should be based on the Internet, and interact with the competition result, showing that the odds of losing correspondingly. It requires complex and professional arithmetic, which means that Hainan is still in the stage of preparation.
海南：讲真，我想发展博彩业很久了
实际上，在此文公布之前，海南岛的“体育彩票”和“大型赛事即开彩票”就已经有所发展，并且已经有将近10年的历史。
在海南建省之初，要不要办博彩业就已经成为一个绕不开的话题。
近年来，博彩业越来越受到海南省的重视，而当地的部分专家和相关部门多次呼吁适当开放博彩业。早在2008年，时任海南省彩票管理中心主任彭运洪在接受媒体采访时大方表示，海南是试水博彩业最理想的地方。
“海南是一个岛屿，地理位置上具有优越性；海南又是全国最大的特区，是改革开放的前沿；在国际上，旅游和博彩往往又可以看做是‘孪生兄弟’，常常相互依存。”
2009年12月，国务院办公厅发布的《关于推进海南国际旅游岛建设发展的若干意见》中，提出海南岛的发展目标是到2020年，初步建成世界一流的海岛休闲度假旅游胜地。其中在第四点第十二条特别提到，“在海南试办一些国际通行的旅游体育娱乐项目，探索发展竞猜型体育彩票和大型国际赛事即开彩票”👇
到了2015年，海南省的博彩业发展提上了日程，根据海南省政府工作报告，海南在新一年要支持发展竞猜型体育彩票和大型国际赛事即开彩票，要完善离岛免税购物政策等等。
在政策支持下，海南开始了飞鱼和环岛赛两项虚拟体育竞猜游戏、海南拍拍乐视频电子即开彩等创新玩法。
环岛赛游戏玩法
Actually, it has been nearly ten years since the first purpose of “explore the development of sports lottery and instant lottery on large-scale international games” in Hainan.
Since the province was built, whether to support the establishment of the gaming industry has been a hot topic.
In recent years, the gaming industry is gaining more attention, with local experts and relevant departments calling for the appropriate opening of the industry. In 2008, a public official in Hainan voiced that Hainan is the best place for the industry due to its advantageous geographical location.
In 2009, the country issued a reform agenda for the first time, saying that it would encourage horse racing and other projects including beach and water sports, as well as expand sport lotteries in south China’s Hainan province.
While in 2015, the development of gaming industry is on the table officially. With the support of policy, Hainan began to bring forth new ideas of gaming, such as Tour of Hainan lottery.
难不成这一次要发展“马彩”？
另一方面，这次颁布的政策中。最引人注意的就是“赛马”了。
需要注意的是，虽然这一次在政策中提到了“赛马运动”，但并未直接提及开展以赛马活动结果为基础的竞猜型体育彩票——也就是说，现在就将两者联系在一起，还为时尚早。
赛马运动及赛事在中国一直都存在，只是一种体育赛事。而马彩是赛马彩票的简称，是彩票发行机构专门为赛马比赛发行的一种彩票。其中一种为即开票，可能和比赛结果完全没关系，只是借着某个活动或赛事的噱头而发行的一种彩票；还有一类是针对赛马赛事发行的可以预先或实时购买的预测赛马运动比赛结果的彩票。
不过，这很容易让人联想到香港赛马会那个厉害的…“三无”组织。
不要误会！此“三无”非彼“三无”，指的是“无股东”、“无股份”及“无盈利概念”。
It is worth mentioning that the term in the agenda, “horse racing” is gaining attention.
However, we have to notice that horse racing is not related to sports lottery, which means it does not mean Hainan will support the sport lottery of horse racing, the so-called handbookinger.
Although, the Hong Kong Jockey Club easily comes to mind.
香港马会的几大宗旨：
1. 作为香港特区政府博彩政策执行人和伙伴，香港马会是将博彩纳入唯一合法的渠道；
2. 马会是不谋利的机构，没有股东。所有收入用于贡献社会，支持教育、医疗、体育、文化、社会福利；
3. 马会承担着为会员提供住所，餐饮等服务的功能。
这个香港最大的纳税机构，每年纳税超百亿港元，同时也是当地最大的兼职雇主机构，每年的慈善基金额高达10亿港元。
澳门和欧美国家都是咋玩的？
在《意见》颁布后，大家最关心的就是，海南岛“试水”搞博彩，澳门还活不活了？
当然，澳门还是要坚强地撑下去的…
与澳门博彩业不同的是，此次海南的博彩发展与体育紧密相关。
而欧美国家则是各有各的打法。
根据英国博彩委员会发布的数字，英国——这个全球博彩业最发达的国家，在2016年度从博彩行业收获了14亿英镑。
这样巨额的收入，与众多玩家的疯狂支持是分不开的。其中，英超联赛是英国彩民购买彩票最为疯狂的项目。在英超联赛2016-17赛季，至少10只队伍是由博彩公司赞助的。
除了公众购买彩票，足球运动员实际上也能够购买彩票，而且非常普遍。不过，规定是足球运动员不能够购买自己参与和有联系的比赛。
说到彩票，另一个彩票历史源远流长、最早建立彩票联合会的国家德国，也值得一提。
在以严谨著称的德国，博彩似乎也添上了严肃的色彩。在德国，彩票种类相当丰富并且分类严谨，包括欧洲百万彩票等开奖型彩票及各种竞猜型彩票。
而德国人也非常喜欢博彩——据统计，接近81%的德国人参与博彩，其中一半为女性。
而对于彩票的销售收入分配，其中 50%用于返奖，23%上交给政府，政府根据法律规定将部分收入投入到体育、艺术、环保或青少年等项目中；16.7%用于缴纳彩票 税，7.5%是零售商的佣金；剩余2.8%则是彩票组织管理及运营费用。
After the agenda issue, people are concerned about the future of Macau. However, it is worth mentioning the differences between the lottery industry between Hainan and Macau-Hainan emphases on sports, while Macau is not.
How about other countries?
According to the Telegraph, 2016 was a record year for both the monetary value of the UK gaming market (£4.33bn) and its impact on other sectors, such as films and merchandising (£100.5m).
“About half of the UK population plays video games – be it on a games console, smartphone, PC, VR headset or online. The rise in the popularity of gaming is partly due to the increased accessibility that the public has to them; at the tap of a screen, you can download games onto a smart device, order the latest physical releases, or watch world-class eSports gamers take down their opponents.”
It is more like a serious business in Germany.
“Germans are known to be very fond of gaming: roughly half of the 81 million population is are active gamers, and chances are that he or she (half of the gamers are women) will be playing on his or her computer. Floating devices such as tablets and portable gaming consoles are becoming increasingly popular, as well as smartphones, but personal and laptop computers remain the devices of choice. Cross-platform gaming is also common.”
不过，目前在我国，竞猜型体育彩票所占比例较小，大部分还是乐透型体育彩票。
科普：乐透型彩票就是以序数方式为竞猜对象的彩票。只要求所选号码与中奖号码相同即可，号码无先后顺序之分。乐透型彩票属于中盘或大盘游戏，可以复式投注和倍投。一旦中大奖，奖金数额不菲。我国典型的乐透型玩法有福彩双色球、体彩超级大乐透。
发展竞技型博彩业并不意味着要开“赌场”，更不是鼓励民众参与赌博。只要加强监管，使之走上有序管理的轨道，博彩业这个许多人心目中的“魔鬼”或许会摇身一变而成为“天使”，为海南的经济发展注入新的动力，成为一个新的经济增长点。