其他

大女主剧:“她”到底是女强人还是玛丽苏?

2018-04-24 CGTN CGTNOfficial


摘要:屏幕里“处处开挂”的大女主们,或许已经让观众们感到厌倦。究其原因,好的文艺作品要么与时代同步,让观众能够在其中看见进而反思自身;要么要先于时代,满怀对成长的憧憬。大部分“大女主剧”身穿彰显“女子力”的外衣,实则为玛丽苏,总是难以逃出“被爱和被救”的窠臼——从某种意义上说,“大女主剧”是个伪命题。


《北京女子图鉴》火了。



这部原产于东京的本土化网剧《北京女子图鉴》,说的是一个北漂姑娘在北京逐渐成长的故事。

 

不过,今天小编不和大家探讨所谓的职场潜规则、渣男的一百种模样、北漂来北京到底是不是为了买包(???😶),单纯想和大家聊聊这种所谓的“大女主剧”意义何在。


1973年,女作家保拉·史密斯的一篇恶搞《星际迷航》的小说《A Trekkie's Tale》(一个《星际迷航》迷的故事)风靡美国。小说塑造了一个年仅15岁半,名叫(Mary Sue)的舰队女上尉。女主角不仅以美貌和性感俘获了所有男人,还以自己的才华拯救了全人类,在拯救世界后选择为大爱牺牲自己。


The term "Mary Sue" comes from the name of a character created by Paula Smith in 1973 for her parody story "A Trekkie's Tale" published in her fanzine Menagerie. The story starred Lieutenant Mary Sue ("the youngest Lieutenant in the fleet — only fifteen-and-a-half years old"), and satirized unrealistic characters in Star Trek fan fiction. 


玛丽苏本苏倒下了,千千万万的玛丽苏站了起来——“玛丽苏文化”就此诞生。

 

仔细看,这情节是不是有些熟悉?

 

2011年现象级大女主剧《甄嬛传》的火爆,为彼时黔驴技穷的电视剧产业打了一针强心剂。20年前曾拍出《渴望》的导演郑晓龙,在20年后,将他的镜头从“完美”的刘慧芳滑动到了“不完美”的甄嬛——这时大家才回过神来意识到,一直以来“刘慧芳”式的完美女性只是在男性视角下的完美化身——她们逆来顺受、温驯善良,原谅是她们生活的底色,吃苦耐劳是基本技能。

 

而随着女性社会地位的提升和女性意识的觉醒,女性视角逐渐介入到自身欲望的书写中,讲述女性个人成长的励志剧如雨后春笋般涌现。

 

The popularity of Empresses in the Palace is a shot in the arm for TV drama industry. Zheng Xiaolong, the director who filmed the famous and influential Chinese TV play Kewang around 20 years ago, turned his camera this time to Zhen Huan, creating imperfect women like Zhen Huan instead of “perfect” women like the heroine of Desire, Liu Huifang.

 

Only then did people begin to realize that perfect women like Liu Huifang was only created with a man’s perspective -- they are kind, soft, submissive, tough and willing to forgive.

 

With the improvement of women’s social status and the awakening of a feminist consciousness, women’s perspective is becoming increasingly important, and the “female master TV drama” surged.


举个栗子👇


电视剧《那年花开月正圆》,讲述商界女强人周莹的“奋斗史”/Photo via 豆瓣


《芈月传》,整整81集的秦宣太后上位史。


《武媚娘传奇》,这个还用介绍吗?


与此同时,国外电视剧也没有闲着。比如前段时间刷屏的美艳大女主剧《迷雾》👇



十元主演的日剧Unnatural👇



以及刚刚强势回归的《傲骨之战》第二季👇



坊间将这一类剧叫做“大女主剧”。

 

对于“大女主剧”,目前并没有一个很明确的定义。不过如果仅仅流于字面,将女主角戏份较多的电视剧称为大女主剧,未免太不严谨。

 

根据人民网的定义,“大女主剧”将侧重点放到女性成长的主题上,围绕女主角的成长成熟进行情节铺展,比此前单纯讲述男女情感的偶像剧在情节性、戏剧性、思想性上更具优势,有着更强的观赏性和感染力。

 

“大女主”之所以有一个“大”字,是为了更多地体现女主角的气质——围绕着女主角的成熟成长做文章,首先要强调女主角只有她自己,无论她的社会身份如何,即她是谁的妻子、母亲等,她不是任何一个人的依附,重要的是自由的意志和痛快的生活

 

正如女权运动创始人之一、法国著名作家西蒙娜·波伏娃在其著作《第二性》中所说:“和有没有爱情相比,丧失自我才是真正的不幸。最激动人心的两性关系首先是友谊,一种最深刻的自由,免于被强制的自由。”


How can we define TV series that focus on women?

 

If we only understand it literally, it may be that the leading actress gets more air time than the actor. However, according to the People’s Daily Online, this kind of TV series focuses more on the growth of the actress.



西蒙娜·波伏娃



 “大女主”必然要爱上征服者?

纵观近些年来热映的大女主剧,本身似乎成了一个伪命题:女性的成长指向了最终的“天降男主”。

 

这个男主,要么手握重权,指挥千军万马;要么浪漫多金,身价不可估量。如果说“白莲花”审美时代的男人认为,女人不能有权力和野心,那么在大女主时代,男人可能已经倾向于认为“女人必须要依靠男人才能够获得权力、实现野心”。

 

在这种价值观的引导下,所谓的“大女主”的爱情可能无关“忠诚”、“全心回报”,更多的是爱上征服者的游戏。

 

难道真正的“大女主”应该这样吗?

 

我们不否认有魅力的大女主的确可能集万千宠爱于一身,但在上述基础上展开的剧情似乎有些狭隘了。倘若一个女人真正独立,应当朝向更大的世界和更深刻的体验,正如尼采所说,“在自己身上,克服这个时代”。


Looking at TV series that focus on women in recent years, we will find an interesting fact: the “growing up “of these women will never be accomplished without the help of a man (or 3 to 4 men).

 

These men, who either have power or money, have also changed with the time. In the past, they think women should not have desire and power; while now, they tend to think that women should gain power from men.

 

With the instruction of this kind of value, the love of these heroines may be not related to “loyalty”, but the game of loving the conqueror.

 

We should not deny that women who are beautiful, independent, rich and capable are charming, but if all TV series are developed based on this, that will be a tragedy -- if a woman is really independent, then she should be able or long to explore a bigger world and richer experiences.


然而,无论是甄嬛、周莹、武媚娘还是芈月,她们似乎都有同一个面孔:玛丽苏+爱情至上者。

 

权力并不是她们的目的,而是工具,她们想要的,不过是通过权力来获得爱情。一旦情爱之路遭遇艰难险阻,她们被爱人辜负、被对手嘲笑、被命运裹挟,不得已踏着爱情的灰烬“逼良为娼”。在往上爬的过程中,由于女主光环,获得各色有权力的男性青睐,在关键时刻为她们助力——最后,她得到她想要的,对手都死光光。

 

然而,回过头去,这成为了大女主们的罪孽——毕竟权力从来都被认为是男人的专属。并且,这也不是这些大女主们真正想要的。于是,她们的结局被设定为无尽的苍凉与孤寂,她们一切行为的动因都被归类到“复仇”——要站到权力的最高点铲除曾经伤害过自己的人。



不可否认的是,这种剧看起来是挺爽的,毕竟反转总是最揪心。然而,究其本质,目前的大女主剧似乎和传统的言情剧并无多大区别——随着观众爽点阈值的提高,大女主剧的进化似乎只是一种权宜之计。


As we can see from TV series now, regardless of Zhen Huan or Wu Meiniang, they are all the same Mary Sue plus addicted to love. Power is not what they want, but only the tool of revenge.

 

During the process of gaining power, the beautiful heroine are always helped by these powerful men, and at last, she gets what she wants.

 

However, this is also not what she wants. All in all, power is only exclusively from a male perspective. As a result, the ending for these women is endless desolation.

 

Although these TV series are enjoyable, since a “reversal” in roles is always appealing, there is little difference in the core between the traditional romance drama and TV series that focus on women.



“安迪们”在追求啥?

在深宫里讲述女性自强,似乎有些局限,那么在现代背景下呢?

 

遗憾的是,现代背景下的“安迪”们总是被冠上“女魔头”的高帽子。她们在男性主导的领域厮杀,靠实力争得自己的一席之地,却成为没有感情生活、甚至没有生活的可悲人物——情感上的缺失,或是性格上的缺陷,已经成为了编剧们熟稔的套路。最好的例子就是《欢乐颂》里的安迪。



更可悲的是,在这些剧里,职场只是一个背景,莫名其妙就成为总裁的安迪们,或者想要升职的杜拉拉们,唯一不变追求还是“恨嫁”。故事始于奋斗,高潮在于拥抱爱情,遇到真命天子,才算走上了正轨。

 

由此可见,在现代职场剧中,女性的自我价值仍然不是在工作或是自己的兴趣爱好,而是依然在爱人那里得到认证——职业是锦上添花,爱情是安身立命。

 

屏幕里“处处开挂”的大女主们,或许已经让观众们感到厌倦。究其原因,好的文艺作品要么与时代同步,让观众能够在其中看见进而反思自身;要么要先于时代,满怀对成长的憧憬。大部分“大女主剧”身穿彰显“女子力”的外衣,实则为玛丽苏,总是难以逃出“被爱和被救”的窠臼——从某种意义上说,“大女主剧”是个伪命题。


Telling a story about female self-improvement seems to have some limitations in a palace backdrop. So what about in the modern context?

 

It is such a pity that the women, who are searching for independence in a modern context, often become sad characters without emotional lives or even a life, and the deficiency in personality has become a routine for the screenwriters.

 

It is even sadder to see that the workplace is only a background for these women, while the struggle for love is the constant pursuit. The story often begins with struggling for work, and the climax is to embrace love and meet Mr. Right.

 

As can be seen from these series, the self-worth of women is still not work or hobby, but being validated by their lovers.


一如西蒙娜·波伏娃所说:“有一天,女人或许可以用她的“强”去爱,而不是用她的“弱”去爱,不是逃避自我,而是找到自我,不是自我舍弃,而是自我肯定,那时,爱情对她和对他将一样,将变成生活的源泉,而不是致命的危险。”


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