单霁翔退休了，他的接班人会改变故宫的网红气质吗？
王旭东任敦煌研究院院长期间，敦煌文创系列上线，并迅速成为故宫之外又一个中国文博产业大IP。
4月8日，故宫博物院院长单霁翔正式退休，敦煌研究院院长王旭东接任这一职位。
互联网时代的故宫已经从一个传统的博物馆变成一个超级IP，他的接班人将如何平衡流量审美和文化调性？如何调解大众口味和学术需求？
也许王旭东将要面对的,将是历任故宫管理者都不曾面对的机会和挑战。
Shan Jixiang, curator of China's Palace Museum, also known as the Forbidden City, has retired with Wang Xudong, former director of Dunhuang Academy, succeeding the position, Beijing News reported on Monday.
王旭东是谁？
Wang Xudong, born in northwestern China's Gansu Province in 1967, had been working at the Dunhuang Academy since 1991.
As a researcher, Wang was responsible for renovating the iconic Mogao Grottoes. The cave, situated along a cliff face, has 45,000 square meters of Buddhist murals and a total of 2,415 stucco statues. In 2014, Wang was made the director of the Dunhuang Academy, overseeing Mogao Grottoes.
"In the digital era, we should utilize various technologies to renovate culture relics, and everyone in the world should get easy access to the splendid cultural heritage," Wang said in a public speech in December 2017.
让年轻人喜欢敦煌
执掌敦煌研究院4年，王旭东延续了前任院长们的精神，旨在建立一个更加开放的敦煌。
01
线上敦煌，打造中国又一个文博大IP
In 2017, the Dunhuang Academy launched an online range of cultural creative products, offering cosmetics and stationery items adorned with Dunhuang's cave-art patterns.
In September 2018, the academy collaborated with Tencent, one of China's largest social network operators, to launch a creative page called Digital Supporters. The initiative allowed the users to draw and save a digital copy of one Mogao Grottoes' painting, and if they liked it, they could donate money for future research.
But Wang has been very cautious of commercializing Dunhuang as a brand. "Selling cultural creative product is an efficient way to promote Dunhuang culture, but we should avoid overusing and spoiling the brand."
02
“数字敦煌”，新技术助力文物保护和交流
A website called "Digital Dunhuang" was launched in 2016, ten years after its digitalization project was first announced. It creates a digital database, displaying high-definition images of exquisite statues and murals.
One-third of the caves have been recorded and visualized online. Bilingual introductions of 30 caves are also available now. Visitors can even have a panorama VR view of each cave, allowing better and closer observation.
Wang was happy that "digital displays at Dunhuang may benefit more than 1.7 million visitors who come to the site annually."
03
“走出去”和“请进来”，敦煌文化双向发力
Cultural heritage protection agencies and academic institutions from Japan, the U.S. and Australia have visited Dunhuang for decades. They brought in equipment, research funding, and advanced concepts of culture preservation.
On the other hand, Wang also carried out international exchange and cooperation programs, including art exhibitions and related creative activities in museums and schools both domestically and internationally.
American K-12 teachers visit an exhibition about Dunhuang at the Getty Center in Los Angeles in 2016. /China Daily Photo
"The Silk Road, Art Exhibition of Dunhuang Culture" was held at Taiwan Normal University for the first time on October 11, 2016. /Xinhua Photo
"Mysterious Dunhuang" held in Shenzhen in 2017.
两人在文物管理上有何共同点？
01
文物保护数字化
单霁翔在任期间，主导将186万多件故宫藏品的全部信息数字化，上线官网。
王旭东也曾说过，要“借助互联网，讲好‘敦煌故事’。”目前，在总计500多个敦煌石窟中，至少有180多个已实现数字化。
One major issue that Shan and Wang both focused on was the digitalization of cultural relics. Now viewers can access information about all collections in the Palace Museum through its official website. On the other side, at least 180 caves out of more than 500 Dunhuang grottoes have been digitalized, accounting for nearly one-third of the total.
02
打造文创IP
单霁翔在任期间，故宫大力开发文创产品，成为网红“IP”。仅2017年，故宫文创产品的销售额达15亿元人民币。
王旭东带领下的敦煌研究院近些年也在进行文化创意产品的探索。
2016年，敦煌研究院成立文化创意研究中心，后相继推出众多体验课程，并与Kindle、美的、王者荣耀等品牌联合开发新的文创项目。
“阅·赏敦煌”Kindle X敦煌研究院联名礼盒
美的空调敦煌定制版
腾讯x王者荣耀x敦煌研究院公益项目“数字供养人计划”
The Palace Museum, under Shan's management, has turned itself into a cultural phenomenon and successfully connected with young people through the development of creative cultural products. The Dunhuang Academy has also been making efforts in this particular field, promoting culture and history in a more contemporary way.
However, Wang has been more conservative in developing commercial cultural products, "The creative cultural products must stick to the essential value. It needs to help the cultural heritage communicate with a larger audience, instead of simply monetizing."
不过，王旭东在这方面的观念更为保守。对于外界关于敦煌研究院文创产品开发是否过慢的疑问，他这样回应：
“文创一定不能背离价值，要通过文化创意让遗产发扬光大，而不是去消费它。慈悲、智慧和美，是敦煌的价值。我们宁可步子迈慢一点，甚至不合作，都不能突破底线。莫高窟在，后人还会继续去做。 但如果敦煌在人们心中垮掉，再扶起来很难。”
03
国际化发力
近年来，单霁翔主导故宫博物院不断加强与国外博物馆的合作，将优秀的展览迎进来，也让故宫的宝藏走向世界，比如2017年在威尼斯举办的双年展平行展。
这与上文所述王旭东带领敦煌研究院所做的事不谋而合。同时，敦煌也已将至少30个洞窟的数字资源中英文版上线网络，逐步实现“敦煌应是真正的国际交流中心”。
Both the Palace Museum and the Dunhuang Academy have been strengthening their international cooperation by exhibiting their collections overseas.
Plus, making real-time video feeds of caves featuring bilingual digital resources is also a big step toward Wang's goal of making Dunhuang the center of international cooperation.
04
理工男
这两位故宫“看门人”还有一个共同点——
都是理工男出身。
单霁翔毕业于清华大学建筑学院城市规划专业，是工科博士。
王旭东则专业学习水利工程。
其实，这两人还有一点相似之处。
单霁翔曾花了5个月，走遍故宫里的1200座建筑、9371间房。
王旭东也曾花费半年时间，对492个有彩塑的洞窟进行逐个调查，“看到了壁画的各种病害，看到了塑像的惨状，看到了因为地震、风沙造成的风化破坏……”
不管故宫会有怎样的变化，王旭东或许已经做好准备去实践自己的理念：
“一定要用心来做这个时代应该做的事。”
你期待换了“看门人”的故宫有什么新变化？