“人不犯我、我不犯人，人若犯我、我必犯人”|双语解读《新时代的中国国防》白皮书
中国政府24日发表《新时代的中国国防》白皮书。
这是中国政府自1998年以来发表的第10部国防白皮书，也是党的十八大以来发表的首部综合型国防白皮书。
白皮书全文约2.7万字，正文部分包括：
- 国际安全形势
- 新时代中国防御性国防政策
- 履行新时代军队使命任务
- 改革中的中国国防和军队
- 合理适度的国防开支
- 积极服务构建人类命运共同体等6个章节。
一方面，白皮书亮明了中国的决心与意志。白皮书说，坚决捍卫国家主权、安全、发展利益，是中国国防的根本目标。慑止和抵抗侵略，保卫国家政治安全、人民安全和社会稳定，反对和遏制“台独”，打击“藏独”“东突”等分裂势力，保卫国家主权、统一、领土完整和安全。
另一方面，白皮书表明了中国建设巩固国防和强大军队对世界而言意味着什么。白皮书旗帜鲜明地指出，中国永不称霸、永不扩张、永不谋求势力范围，无论发展到哪一步，都不会走追逐霸权、“国强必霸”的老路，并首次把服务构建人类命运共同体作为新时代中国国防的世界意义。
正所谓“人不犯我、我不犯人，人若犯我、我必犯人”。
《新时代的中国国防》白皮书有哪些要点？
CGTN为你双语解读。
China issued a national defense white paper on Wednesday, for the first time since 2013, outlining the overall national defense strategy of the world's second-largest economy.
The white paper was notable for what it represented in terms of the changes to the country's overall defense strategy and what remained consistent.
The paper, titled "China's National Defense in the New Era", consisted of six sections that clarified China's efforts in building its national defense and military.
和平、发展、合作、共赢的时代潮流
不可逆转
Peace, development and win-win cooperation remain the irreversible trends of the times
当今世界正经历百年未有之大变局，世界面临的不稳定性不确定性更加突出，国际战略竞争呈上升之势，全球和地区性安全问题持续增多，国际军事竞争日趋激烈，世界并不太平。
但必须看到，促和平、求稳定、谋发展已成为国际社会的普遍诉求，和平力量的上升远远超过战争因素的增长，和平、发展、合作、共贏的时代潮流不可逆转。
Wu Qian, the spokesperson for the Ministry of National Defense, said the white paper was issued in a profoundly and consistently changing international environment as far as the global and domestic uncertainties are concerned.
Wu told reporters that international strategic landscape is going through profound changes amid rising hegemonism, power politics and unilateralism, and the world's major powers, including the U.S., are engaging in tech innovation in intensifying global military competition. Meanwhile, China still faces a series of security risks including separatists in Taiwan, domestic terrorism and the South China Sea dispute, he added.
坚持永不称霸、永不扩张、
永不谋求势力范围
China never seeks hegemony, expansion or spheres of influence
中国的社会主义国家性质，走和平发展道路的战略抉择，独立自主的和平外交政策，“和为贵”的中华文化传统，决定了中国始终不渝奉行防御性国防政策。
- 坚决捍卫国家主权、安全、发展利益是新时代中国国防的根本目标
- 坚持永不称霸、永不扩张、永不谋求势力范围是新时代中国国防的鲜明特征
- 贯彻落实新时代军事战略方针是新时代中国国防的战略指导
- 坚持走新时代中国特色强军之路是新时代中国国防的发展路径
- 服务构建人类命运共同体是新时代中国国防的世界意义
According to the white paper, China pursues a national defense policy that is defensive in nature, with its fundamental goal being resolutely safeguarding China's sovereignty, security and development interests.
Xinhua photo
"The distinctive feature of China's national defense in the new era is never seeking hegemony, expansion or spheres of influence," the document said.
The paper also highlighted China's national defense aims, which include opposing and containing "Taiwan independence," and cracking down on separatist movements such as "Tibet independence" and the creation of "East Turkistan."
Beijing also reiterated its stance toward nuclear weapons – "no first use" at any time and under any circumstances.
China advocates the ultimate complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons, the white paper stated, adding that the country will keep its nuclear capabilities at the minimum level required for national security.
有效维护海外中国公民、组织和机构的
安全和正当权益
PLA prioritizes protecting China's overseas interests
中国军队新时代的使命任务是“四个战略支撑”：
- 为巩固中国共产党领导和社会主义制度提供战略支撑
- 为捍卫国家主权、统一、领土完整提供战略支撑
- 为维护国家海外利益提供战略支撑
- 为促进世界和平与发展提供战略支撑
白皮书从维护国家领土主权和海洋权益、保持常备不懈的战备状态、开展实战化军事训练、维护重大安全领域利益、遂行反恐维稳、维护海外利益、参加抢险救灾等7个方面介绍了中国武装力量运用情况。
"It's one of the PLA's missions to effectively protect the safety and rightful interests of overseas Chinese people and organizations," the white paper said.
It added that the protection of the land and sea of China is the mission that comes foremost, along with the safeguarding of the country's nuclear weapons, safety in space and cybersecurity.
Regarding the measures against terrorism and extremism, China's armed forces participate in operations for maintaining social order, prevent and combat violence and terrorism.
Specifically since 2014, the People's Armed Police Force (PAP) has assisted the government of northwestern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in smashing 1,588 violent terrorist gangs and capturing 12,995 terrorists.
Soldiers stand in attention during a military parade at the Zhurihe Training Base in north China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, July 30, 2017. /Xinhua Photo
在国务院新闻办公室举行的《新时代的中国国防》白皮书发布会上，CGTN记者韩斌向国防部新闻发言人吴谦大校提问：
“白皮书中提到一项重要战略任务——保护海外利益，这意味着中国军队将会更多地参与到海外军事行动中。”
那么，
这种情况和白皮书所强调的
中国军队的和平发展道路
是否互相矛盾呢？
答案是：
完全不！因为——
“中国军队走向世界，给世界带来的是安全而不是威胁，是机遇而不是挑战。”
戳视频揭晓↓↓↓
全面推进国防和军队现代化建设，
全面深化国防和军队改革
China advances defense and military modernization across the board and deepens reform in national defense and armed forces in all respects
人民军队发展史，就是一部改革创新史。进入新时代，适应世界新军事革命发展趋势和国家安全需求，中国全面推进国防和军队现代化建设，全面深化国防和军队改革，着力解决体制性障碍、结构性矛盾、政策性问题，迈出了强军兴军历史性步伐。
The white paper outlined some "historic" achievements of major organizational and structural reforms in the PLA in the past years.
Chinese military has reshaped the leadership and management system, optimized the scale, structure and forces composition, and reformed the military policies and institutions.
The paper demonstrated a comprehensive picture of the reshuffled PLA forces and armed police, their ideological and political, military theories, weaponry and equipment development, and the overall situation of national defense and military construction.
中国国防开支是合理适度的
China's defense spending is reasonable, appropriate
改革开放以来，中国国防开支经历了从维持性投入到适度增长的发展历程，总体保持与国家经济和财政支出同步适度协调增长。
国防费占国内生产总值（GDP）比重从1979年最高的5.43%下降到2017年的1.26%，近30年一直保持在2%以内。
1979年国防费占国家财政支出比重为17.37%，2017年为5.14%，下降超过12个百分点，总体下降趋势明显。
在2017年国防费位居世界前列的国家中，中国国防费无论是占国内生产总值和国家财政支出的比重，还是国民人均和军人人均数额，都处于较低水平。
In 2017, China's defense expenditure was less than a quarter of that of the United States in terms of total spending, the document said.
The percentage of Beijing's defense expenditure to total GDP has experienced a significant drop over years – from 5.43 percent in 1979 to 1.26 percent in 2017.
But still, on the whole, defense spending has seen growth since 2012, due to factors such as regular growth in military salaries, increased input in weaponry development, deepened military reform, enhanced training and the diversification of military tasks like UN peacekeeping operations and disaster relief efforts.
积极服务构建人类命运共同体
China actively contributes to building a community with a shared future for mankind
构建人类命运共同体，顺应和平发展的时代潮流，反映各国人民共同期待。中国军队忠实践行人类命运共同体理念，积极履行大国军队国际责任，全面推进新时代国际军事合作，努力为建设持久和平、普遍安全的美好世界作贡献。
Chinese military vessels patrolling the Gulf of Aden on June 5, 2010. /VCG Photo
China's armed forces are actively fulfilling their obligations of a major country and promoting international military cooperation to build a community with a shared future for mankind.
The country has always played a constructive role in political settlement of regional hotspots, such as issues regarding the Korean Peninsula, Iran, and Syria. China aims at building a new-model security partnership featuring equality, mutual trust and win-win cooperation, and is committed to dealing with territorial disputes properly.
As the major contributor to the UN peacekeeping efforts, China is also providing the world with a large scope of public security goods.
网友发声力挺：中国加油！
万众瞩目的白皮书一经公布，立即在社交媒体上引起热议。
网友纷纷为“新时代的中国国防”点赞：
白皮书中提到的“中国必须统一，也必然统一”也是大势所趋、民心所向：
“建设持久和平、普遍安全的美好世界”更是承载着亿万中华儿女的美好愿景：
和平是各国人民的共同愿望，发展是人类社会的永恒主题。
面对日益复杂的全球性安全挑战，面对人类发展在十字路口何去何从的抉择，中国坚信，称霸扩张终将失败，安全繁荣应该共享。
中国将坚持走和平发展道路，同各国人民一道维护世界和平、促进共同发展。
（中文综述自新华网、央视新闻等）