集中力量办大事，有效抗震减灾 | 中国为什么能

必须坚持总体国家安全观，以人民安全为宗旨。

中国是自然灾害最为严重的国家之一——灾害种类多、分布地域广、发生频率高、造成损失重。

近年来，在经济快速发展、人口高度集聚的形势下，自然灾害对社会造成的危害更加严重。

2008年汶川地震后，中国开始从各个方面来增强对自然灾害的应急管理能力。

中国开始强调，加强自然灾害防治关系国计民生，要建立高效科学的自然灾害防治体系，提高全社会自然灾害防治能力，为保护人民群众生命财产安全和国家安全提供有力保障，充分调动中国集中力量办大事的制度优势，在灾害面前各部门统一协调迅速反应。

中国为什么能有效抗震减灾？请点击上方视频观看“中国为什么能”之“抗震减灾”篇。

When a disaster strikes, what people react matters. How a country responds to disasters can make the difference between life and death.

China is prone to natural disasters. With a large population and a fast-developing economy, disasters, like earthquakes, can be devastating. The first half of 2019 alone saw more than 31.8 million people across the country affected by disasters, included 336 deaths. Direct economic losses were estimated to be over 10.7 billion U.S. dollars.

Rescue workers pull a boy from debris in the aftermath of the Wenchuan earthquake in Dujiangyan, Sichuan Province, southwest China, May 16, 2008. /VCG Photo

地震预警系统有效减少灾害损失

地震预警速报能有效减少灾害的损失：预警时间为3秒时可减少伤亡14%， 时间为10秒时减少39%， 时间为20秒时减少63%。

如今中国的地震预警速报可以实现震后1至2分钟发出自动速报结果，且能通过微博、微信等更多新媒体手段，一分钟覆盖数亿人。 

First and foremost is building an effective seismic monitoring and early warning system. When an earthquake is detected, the China Earthquake Networks Center (CENC) will confirm the location and magnitude before sending out a message to alert the public in real time.

Early warning is particularly important to saving lives in the case of an earthquake. According to Chengdu High-tech Disaster Reduction Institute, a three-second early warning can reduce casualties by 14 percent; a ten-second warning reduces casualties by 39 percent and a 20-second warning reduces casualties by 63 percent. Within two minutes after an earthquake, hundreds of millions of people in China will be alerted via social media platforms by an automatic early warning system. 

Despite being a latecomer in array exploration compared to the United States, the CENC is now the largest in the world in terms of scale and array density twice that of the U.S.. Besides early warning, such a system also informs disaster relief management as to where to deploy more rescue forces.

All this is accomplished by China's ability to quickly mobilize resources across sectors in a coordinated way. In 2018, the Chinese government established the Ministry of Emergency Management, integrating civil administration, the Red Cross and the National Comprehensive Fire and Rescue Team to ensure a 24-hour on-duty emergency response. A total of 27 professional teams have been set up covering mountain, water and air rescue and earthquake relief work, and seven professional teams for international rescue and relief operations.

A rescue team conduct an earthquake rescue drill in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, north China, May 10, 2019. /VCG Photo

灾后救援协调动员多方力量，体现大国风范

在灾后救援上，中国充分协调与调动各方力量也体现出了大国风范，中国的灾后应急救援速度也频频受到网友点赞。

在灾后恢复重建上，中国也表现突出。灾害发生后的第一时间， 中国能迅速组织电力、 水利、通信、疾控等部门对灾害进行有效控制，将次生灾害的影响降到最低， 以最快速度、最高效率修复道路，恢复供电、供水、通讯等，保障人民群众灾后的正常生产和生活。

中国在海外救援等方面也展现出了 “办大事” 解决危急问题的能力。2006年以来，中国组织实施撤离海外公民行动十余次，涉及6万多名同胞。

Whether it is earthquake, typhoon, flood or forest fire, China has an outstanding record in post-disaster recovery and reconstruction, as it is able to organize and pool resources from various departments including power, water conservancy and supply, telecommunications and disease control. To minimize the impact of secondary disasters, these departments would do their parts to repair damaged roads and railways, restore power, water supply, communication and other utilities to help those affected rebuild lives in the aftermath.

Because China prioritizes people's lives and safety, the country's emergency response capability has transformed from responding to individual disasters to all-round management, combining disaster reduction with sustainable development.

The first group of 104 Chinese citizens evacuated from Yemen arrive in Beijing, March 31, 2015. /VCG Photo

The nation's ability to pull through crises extends beyond its borders. Since 2006, China has organized over a dozen evacuations of citizens abroad, involving over 60,000 Chinese nationals. It has also handled hundreds of cases of kidnapping of its citizens. When it comes to the lives and safety of its citizens, the Chinese government's people-oriented approach is commended worldwide.

Disaster relief is a comprehensive effort that requires a whole society working together. And China sets an example of how to prevent loss and save lives by putting the people first.

中国始终以人为本， 强调必须坚持总体国家安全观， 以人民安全为宗旨， 在国家安全、人民安全受到威胁的时候，毫不犹豫地出手，获得世界称赞。