5年发射140余次，中国航天业的下一步是哪里？
近年来，中国的航天发射数量激增。
2018年中国以39次轨道发射的记录在全球发射榜上遥遥领先，在随后的2019年又进行了34次轨道发射。截至本周三，中国今年已经进行了30次轨道发射。
值得注意的是，在过去的几十年里，中国90%以上的航天发射任务是由长征系列运载火箭完成的。该火箭系列于50年前投入使用，根据任务的不同类型，在2019年完成了第300次发射，今年预计将进行第350次发射。
The number of China's space launches has increased dramatically in recent years.
The country has led the global launch tables since 2018 with a record of 39 orbital launches, then followed by 34 in 2019. As of Wednesday, China has performed 30 orbital launches this year, including the landmark liftoff of the Tianwen-1 Mars mission in July.
It is worth noting that for the past decades, more than 90 percent of China's space launch missions were carried by the Long March carrier rocket series. The rocket family put into use 50 years ago with different types according to the missions, completed its 300th launch in 2019, and is set to hit the 350th this year.
在过去的五年里，中国的航天活动在几乎所有方面都充满了亮点和惊喜。
去年1月，嫦娥四号探测器在月球背面着陆，这是中国太空探索的一个里程碑——第一次有飞船成功登陆这颗星球未知的一面。
半年后，中国用其最大的运载火箭长征五号将“天问一号”火星探测器送入轨道，揭开了对这颗红色星球进一步探索的序幕。该探测器预计将于明年2月左右进入火星轨道，5月着陆。
Over the past five years, China's space activities were full of highlights and surprises in almost all aspects.
The country set a milestone in space exploration by landing its Chang'e-4 probe on the far side of the moon in January last year. It was the first time that any craft landed successfully on the uncharted side of the planet.
Half a year later, China sent Tianwen-1 Mars probe into orbit by its largest carrier rocket Long March-5, raising the curtain for the further exploration of the red planet. The probe is scheduled to enter Mars orbit around February next year and land in May.
The Long March-5, nicknamed the "fat five," plays a key role in China's deep space exploration and constructing its own space station. It blasted off for the first time on November 3, 2016 from Wenchang Space Launch Center, China's fourth inland space launch center.
The Wenchang Space Launch Center is located in south China's Hainan Province and it's mainly used for the Long March-5 and other new-generation carrier rockets. It was built in 2014 and the first launch was conducted in June 2016.
In 2019, China completed the first sea-based rocket launch in the Yellow Sea, becoming the third country after the United States and Russia to successfully perform such a mission.
中国在推进空间基础设施方面也取得了重大突破。
中国在上世纪90年代开始建造自己的导航系统。今年6月，中国发射了第55颗北斗卫星，这也是北斗导航系统的最后一颗卫星，标志着中国自主部署的全球导航系统完成。
今年8月，“高分7号”对地观测卫星正式投入使用，我国测绘能力取得重大进展。可为用户提供1:1万比例尺的卫星三维制图。
China has also made significant breakthroughs in advancing space infrastructure.
The country began constructing its own navigation system in the 1990s. In June, China launched the 55th, also the last satellite of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), marking the completion of the deployment of its own global navigation system.
In August, the Gaofen-7 Earth observation satellite was put into service, representing significant progress for China's surveying and mapping capabilities. It can provide 1:10,000 scale satellite 3D mapping for users.
而在载人航天和空间站建设方面，天宫二号空间实验室于2016年9月在酒泉卫星发射中心发射。一个月后，神舟十一号飞船与天宫二号自动交会对接成功。航天员景海鹏、陈东进入天宫二号，并在空间实验室中生活了30天。
2019年7月19日，天宫二号受控再入大气层，标志着中国载人航天工程空间实验室阶段全部任务圆满完成。目前，中国载人航天工程全线正在全力备战空间站建造任务，力争在2022年建成自己的空间站。
In terms of manned spaceflight, China conducted its latest manned mission in 2016 by sending two astronauts, Jing Haipeng and Chen Dong, into orbit, where they spent about a month abroad China's space lab Tiangong-2, which was launched a month earlier and reentered the atmosphere under control in 2019.
Tiangong-2, an improved version of Tiangong-1, is considered China's first space lab. China is expected to complete its space station by 2022.
未来计划
中国未来空间活动的重大计划包括更多的月球和火星任务，以及新型运载火箭。
根据中国航天科技集团公司2018年定下的目标，中国的目标是到2045年成为世界航天强国。
China aims to become a leading space power in the world by 2045, according to a route map drawn up in 2018 by China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation.
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