观察家｜中国问题专家库恩解读为何打赢脱贫攻坚战对全面建成小康社会至关重要

I'm Robert Lawrence Kuhn and here's what I'm watching: China's advent of the moderately prosperous society, xiǎokāng shèhuì, and the central achievement of eradicating all extreme poverty by the end of this year, 2020.

我是罗伯特•劳伦斯•库恩，这是我正在关注的：中国即将在2020年建成小康社会，以及在今年年底全面消除极端贫困这一关键成就。

Those foreigners who may question President Xi Jinping's motives and goals may be surprised to learn that he considers poverty alleviation to be his most important task. It's his signature program. He is staking his political capital on its success.

那些质疑习近平主席脱贫攻坚工作动机和目标的外国人，会很惊讶地发现他将脱贫攻坚视为自己工作的重中之重。脱贫攻坚是习近平的标志性项目。打赢脱贫攻坚战是习近平施政方针成功的有力证明。

To appreciate Xi's driving motivation, one must understand the context of this special year, 2020, which has been long tapped to usher in the "moderately prosperous society" — the first of the two centenary goals that compose what Xi calls "the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation" as "the Chinese dream". (The first centenary goal, the "moderately prosperous society", reflects the fact that the CPC's 100th anniversary is in 2021.)

要了解习近平推行脱贫攻坚的动力，我们就必须了解2020 年这一不平凡年份的背景，一直以来，2020年被视为是迎来小康社会的关键年份，小康社会是两个百年奋斗目标的第一个百年目标，实现两个百年目标就是习近平所说的实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦。（全面建成小康社会的第一个百年奋斗目标与2021年中国共产党成立100周年密切相关。）

The original formulation of the "moderately prosperous society" defined it in quantitative terms: to "achieve GDP and per capita income of urban and rural residents by 2020 as double that of 2010".

最初，小康社会的建设设定了量化目标：到2020年实现国内生产总值和城乡居民人均收入比2010年翻一番。

Fair enough, but Xi enhanced this definition by asserting that China could not claim to be a "moderately prosperous society", no matter how high its GDP and income per capita became, if even one Chinese citizen remained in absolute or extreme poverty. Xi said, "We cannot announce the complete construction of a 'moderately prosperous society' on the one hand, if the living standards of tens of millions of people on the other hand, are below the poverty line." It was a powerful prescription that set national policy — made more challenging, of course, by the pandemic.

这个目标很合理，但是习近平进一步提高了小康社会的目标。他强调中国不能谈得上建成了小康社会，无论中国的国内生产总值和人均收入有多高，只要还有一名公民继续生活在绝对贫困或者赤贫之中。习近平指出，“我们不能一边宣布全面建成了小康社会，另一边还有几千万人口的生活水平处在贫困线以下。”这一强有力的声明为国家政策提供支持，也在疫情影响之下面临更多挑战。

Whether because of geographic isolation in remote mountain villages, or because they didn't have sufficient education or jobs, or because they were old or infirm, no matter how much China's economy would grow, no matter how large China's GDP and income per capita would become, these intractably poor would remain intractably poor.

不论是因为地处偏远山村而与世隔绝的贫困人群，或是无法享受充分的教育或工作机会的贫困人群，或是年迈体弱的贫困人群， 无论中国经济增长了多少，无论中国的国内生产总值和人均收入变得多高，那些极端贫困人群仍然会继续生活在贫困中。

I did not appreciate all that is required for precision poverty alleviation until I started visiting poor regions, especially those remote mountain villages. I met poor villagers and heard their stories: those who had come out of poverty through microbusinesses; those who had been relocated to suburban areas; and those who, ill or infirm, needed social support — and those who, though still in extreme poverty, still refused to move from their ancestral lands.

我并不了解精准扶贫的投入直到我到访了贫困地区，特别是偏远山村。我见到了贫困的村民，聆听他们讲述自己的故事：一些人通过做小本生意脱贫；一些人搬迁到了城郊地区；一些患病或体弱的人需要社会帮扶。还有一些人，虽然过着极端贫困的生活，却不愿意离开故土。

And for those foreigners who marvel at how China contained COVID-19, the common root of China winning the war to contain the coronavirus, and China winning the war to eradicate extreme poverty, is the CPC's governance structure and organizational capacity. This does not mean that there are no trade-offs.

对于那些惊叹于中国抗击新冠肺炎疫情成果的外国人来说，中国打赢新冠肺炎疫情防控阻击战和打赢脱贫攻坚战的共同根源在于中国共产党的治理结构和组织能力。但这并不意味其中没有权衡。

Thus, to comprehend China's poverty alleviation program is to comprehend how China's Party-led governance system actually works. This is especially important at this time of heightened awareness of China's increasing role in international affairs and the increasing sensitivities to it. I'm keeping Watch. I'm Robert Lawrence Kuhn.

因此，了解中国的脱贫攻坚工作就能了解中国共产党领导下的治理体系如何运作。这一点在当今时代尤为重要，大家都意识到中国在国际事务中发挥着越来越重要的作用，国际对中国的崛起也愈发敏感。我在保持观察。我是罗伯特•劳伦斯•库恩。

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