Some COVID-19 vaccines use the mRNA technology, but mRNA works by instructing cells, not altering DNA.
第二个，谣言。新冠疫苗中不包含“流产婴儿”，也没有证据表明疫苗会影响女性的生育能力。
"Aborted babies" are not covered by COVID-19 vaccines, and there is no evidence that the vaccination affects a woman's fertility.
第三个，还是谣言。新冠疫苗研制出来是为了保护我们的健康。
COVID-19 vaccines are made to protect us.
所有这些谣言，在社交媒体上很容易被人看到、点赞和分享，进而加剧反疫苗的风气。
02
谣言源自恐惧和不信任
错误信息利用了我们的恐惧。 有些人转发一条骇人听闻的信息时，可能纯粹是出于善意，是为了保护朋友和家人免受某种危险。但当这个信息被证明是错误的时候，它造成的伤害已无法撤回。 Misinformation plays on our fears. You may be retweeting a post out of pure goodwill: to protect friends and family from some kind of danger. However, it did more harm than good when the information turned out to be wrong. 更糟糕的是，如今，许多国家的公众信任正在下降，很多人都已公开表达他们对政客和专家的不信任。即使是新冠时期最杰出的科学家之一——福奇博士，他和他的家人也曾受到严重的生命威胁。 对权威的普遍不信任，使许多人相信了那些甚是离谱的言论，谣言也因此更难驱散。 To make matters worse, public trust is now falling in many countries. People have spoken out about their distrust of politicians and experts. Even Dr. Anthony Fauci, one of the most prominent scientists during the pandemic, had faced serious life threats to his family and himself. General distrust in authorities has led many people to believe claims, even bizarre ones, made against authorities. False rumors then become harder to dispel.
03
错误信息传递更快
不幸的是，关于新冠疫苗的虚假言论往往比事实传播得更快、范围更广。 今年五月发布的一项研究表明，社交网络上反疫苗群体往往规模较小，但他们与尚未确定立场的群体互动更加活跃。 研究表明，反疫苗群体主导着网络讨论，并且“与大量尚未确定立场的群体深深纠缠在一起”，而支持疫苗的群体则“可能对主要冲突依然无知，并有一种他们占上风的错误印象”。 这意味着，对于那些不确定是否接受新冠疫苗的人，例如一些学校的家长协会，比起支持疫苗接种的信息，他们更有可能在社交媒体上被反疫苗信息影响和说服。 换句话说，反疫苗群体更有可能在这场“战争”中获胜。 Neil Johnson, a physicist at George Washington University, and his team studied online vaccine information on Facebook. They analyzed conversations about vaccines on the Facebook pages of 100 million people worldwide. The study suggests that anti-vaccination groups tend to be smaller but are more active in pestering undecided groups. Their research found that the anti-vaccination pages have fewer followers, but there are more of them than the pro-vaccination pages. In the paper they published on the Nature, Johnson and his team suggest that anti-vaccination groups dominate the discussion networks and are "heavily entangled with a very large presence of undecided clusters," while the pro-vaccination discussions "may remain ignorant of the main conflict and have the wrong impression that they are winning." 与此同时，研究人员发现反疫苗群体的宣传言论涉猎广泛、很吸引人。他们的言论包括“疫苗的安全问题、各种阴谋论、其他的健康医疗选项”，而支持疫苗群体的言论则更多是“单一主题的”。 这些特征导致了，在2019年麻疹暴发期间，反疫苗群体增长最快。一些反疫苗群体增长超过百分之三百，而大多数支持疫苗的群体的增长则不到百分之五十。 At the same time, their paper also says that anti-vaccination groups offered a wide range of engaging narratives, including "safety concerns, conspiracy theories, and alternative health and medicine," while pro-vaccination groups are "monothematic." Johnson and his team then concluded that all these characteristics led to the fastest growth of anti-vaccination groups during the 2019 measles outbreak – some groups increased by more than 300 percent – while most of the pro-vaccination groups grew by less than 50 percent. 反疫苗者曾如此告诫公众：“主动调查，了解真相，不要被骗。” 巧了，这正是科学家和各界领袖们一直倡导的。现在的问题在于，如何才能使支持疫苗的信息比反对疫苗的信息更具吸引力和说服力。在新冠肆虐的时期，疫苗接种不再是一个纯粹的医学问题，同时也是一个关于有效沟通的问题。 Here's a message from anti-vaxxers: "Research yourself. Be informed, not tricked." The same message applies to everybody and, in fact, is encouraged by scientists and leaders. The challenge is how to make pro-vaccination messages more attractive and persuasive. During a pandemic, vaccination is no longer a purely medical issue but a matter of effective communication. 这一次，在公众沟通上，我们也的确在不断进步。 很多领导人在镜头前公开接种疫苗；媒体时刻对误导性标题保持警惕。 让我们继续打好这场科学和传播之战，时刻记住：主动调查，了解真相，不要被骗！ 推荐阅读：真相放大镜 | 多种副作用频发 美国人会打新冠疫苗吗？ 真相放大镜：新冠病毒到底起源于何处？