又双叒封锁了...约翰逊：在家呆着！

为应对日益严峻的新冠疫情，英国英格兰和苏格兰地区4日宣布从当晚开始实施“禁足”措施。这是自疫情暴发以来英格兰地区第三次大范围“禁足”。

也就是说，人们只能像去年3月首次全面封锁时那样“待在家里”。

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01

第一次全面封锁

当地时间2020年3月23日晚，英国首相鲍里斯·约翰逊宣布开始为期三周的全国封锁。

除购买生活必需品、外出锻炼、求医或核心工作者通勤以外，所有人必须待在家中。警察将有权驱散聚集的人群或进行罚款。

02

第二次全面封锁

当地时间2020年11月5日起至12月2日，除售卖生活必需品的超市外，餐饮、娱乐等非生活必须设施、机构一律暂停营业。

和第一次全面封锁不同的是，此次封锁期间英国的小学、大学等校园将继续保持开放。

03

第三次全面封锁

当地时间2021年1月4日晚，约翰逊发表电视讲话，宣布5日起到2月中旬，英国全境实施最高级别严格管控措施，取代目前在英格兰地区分别实施的四级、三级以及二级管控措施，以阻断目前迅速蔓延的新冠病毒感染疫情。

根据规定，除购买生活必需品、从事无法居家完成的工作等少数情况外，民众应尽可能留在家中；中小学校5日开始网上教学，只允许一些弱势群体以及医护人员等高危人群的子女到学校学习。

约翰逊表示，英国的医院“正面临疫情暴发以来的最大压力”。如果疫苗接种时间表能够按计划进行，且确诊病例和死亡人数届时有所下降，他认为2月中旬开始有可能解除封锁。

UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson urged people to "stay at home" as he announced a fresh lockdown for England, a few hours after First Minister Nicola Sturgeon announced a strict lockdown for Scotland.

Johnson, in a televised address, said schools would close for all apart from vulnerable pupils or the children of key workers and he said people would be legally obliged to stay at home except limited exceptions such as shopping for essentials, daily exercise and for medical reasons.

People should work from home if possible, Johnson said, adding that the action was needed to stop the National Health Service being overwhelmed. The number of infections and the numbers of COVID-19 patients in hospital have hit fresh highs over the past week.

"As I speak to you tonight, our hospitals are under more pressure from COVID than any time since the start of the pandemic. With most of the country already under extreme measures, it's clear that we need to do more together to bring this new variant under control. 

We must therefore go into a national lockdown, which is tough enough to contain this variant. That means the government is once again instructing you to stay at home."

He said that if the timetable of the vaccination program went as planned and the number of cases and deaths responded to the lockdown measures as expected, it should be possible to start moving out of lockdown by the middle of February.

为了控制变异新冠病毒的传播，苏格兰首席大臣尼古拉·斯特金4日早些时候也宣布了新的封锁措施，所有人在一月底之前无特殊情况不得出门。

本周，威尔士也将对其正在实施的四级管控措施进行审议。威尔士第一大臣马克·德雷克福德警告说，“没有太多调整余地”。

Earlier on Monday Scotland had also imposed its most stringent COVID-19 lockdown since last March.

The UK's component nations of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland each implement their own COVID-19 responses, although they are increasingly trying to coordinate their actions and responses – especially because of the new variant of the coronavirus, which is thought to be more transmissible. 

Nicola Sturgeon said the new variant accounted for nearly half of new cases in Scotland and was 70 percent more transmissible. Scots, she said, would be legally required to stay at home for January from midnight. Schools will close for all but the children of essential workers.

"We have decided to introduce from midnight, for the duration of January, a legal requirement to stay at home, except for essential purposes," Sturgeon told the Scottish Parliament.

"As a result of this new variant, [the virus] has just learned to run much faster and has most definitely picked up pace in the past couple of weeks. It is no exaggeration to say that I am more concerned about the situation that we face now than I have been at any time since March."

Northern Ireland is now in the second week of a six-week lockdown, while Wales is due a review of its own Level 4 lockdowns this week. First Minister Mark Drakeford has warned there is not "much headroom for change."

Second vaccine

据报道，当地时间1月4日，一名82岁的透析患者布莱恩·平克已经完成了第一剂牛津-阿斯利康新冠疫苗的接种。

此前，由牛津大学科学团队研发的新冠病毒疫苗已获准在英国使用。该疫苗是继辉瑞疫苗之后，英国政府批准使用的第二种新冠疫苗。英国卫生大臣马修·汉考克表示，疫苗的到来是充满希望的一刻。

尽管一些医生和科学家对现有疫苗是否能有效对抗新的变异新冠病毒有所顾虑，英国仍将加速民众的疫苗种植步伐。英国卫生体系计划在几个月之内，为全国前四类包括高龄和易受感染者在内的优先人群完成第一剂疫苗接种。

The developments come on a day that started brightly for British hopes of conquering the COVID-19 pandemic. At 7.30 a.m. an 82-year-old dialysis patient called Brian Pinker became the first person in the world to be given the Oxford University-AstraZeneca vaccine outside a trial. 

"I am so pleased to be getting the COVID-19 vaccine today and really proud that it is one that was invented in Oxford," said Pinker, a retired maintenance manager, just a few hundred meters from where the vaccine was developed.

Britain, grappling with the world's sixth-worst death toll and one of the worst economic hits from the pandemic, had also been the first country to roll out the vaccine developed by Pfizer and Germany's BioNTech just under a month ago, and Health Minister Matt Hancock hailed the introduction of a second option. 

"We obviously have the very positive news this morning of the Oxford vaccine starting to be rolled out," he said. "That's a triumph of British science that we've managed to get where we are."

The UK is prioritizing getting a first dose of a vaccine to as many people as possible over giving second doses, despite some doctors and scientists expressing concern. New variants of the coronavirus are complicating the COVID-19 response, especially amid uncertainty as to whether existing vaccines will be as effective against them. 

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