基辛格特别助理揭秘中美“破冰之旅”幕后细节

Editor's Note: To mark the 50th anniversary of former U.S. National Security Advisor and later Secretary of State Henry Kissinger's secret visit to China on July 9, 1971, we interviewed Winston Lord, the senior aide to Kissinger and later a former U.S. ambassador to China. The article reflects the author's views, and not necessarily those of CGTN.

编者按：为纪念美国前国家安全事务助理基辛格博士秘密访华50周年，CGTN采访了基辛格当年的高级助理温斯顿·洛德。

CGTN: How thick was "the ice" between the two countries 50 years ago?

CGTN：50年前，两国之间的“坚冰”有多厚？

Winston Lord: The secret visit in 1971 is one of the most important geopolitical events in the last century. Our two countries have been separated for 22 years by hostility and there was total isolation. We fought each other in Korea.

温斯顿·洛德：1971年的秘密访华是上世纪最重要的地缘政治事件之一。两国敌对22年，处于完全隔绝状态。两国还在朝鲜战场上交战。

It took us two or three years after Nixon was made president in 1969. We had two challenges. The first is how to get in touch with each other. We had no diplomatic relations, so we had to find a secret channel ending up with Pakistan, a mutual friend. Secondly, we had to send public signals to our publics and to the world that we were looking for a new direction.

尼克松于1969年就任总统后，我们花了两到三年准备此行。其中有两大挑战。第一，如何跟对方接触。我们没有外交关系，因而不得不寻找到一个秘密方式。最终选定中美共同的朋友巴基斯坦作为牵线国。第二，我们不得不向各自国家和世界民众释放公开信号，表明我们正在探寻新的方向。

I was his special assistant. I became his special assistant in 1970. He wanted someone involved in all his major diplomatic ventures to help bring a global perspective and how the various parts fit together. So I was very fortunate.

那时我是他的特别助理。我在1970年成为他的特别助理。他希望有人参与到其所有主要的外交项目，以帮助他用全球视角，通盘考虑问题。因而我非常幸运。

CGTN: From whom did you learn your knowledge on China?

CGTN：你从谁那里学习了有关中国的知识？

Winston Lord: My wife was the principle tutor of my Chinese affairs of course. I married her when I was still a foreign service officer in 1963. She was born in Shanghai.

温斯顿·洛德：我妻子当然是我中国事务的基础教员。1963年，当我还是个外事官员时，就与她结为连理。她在上海出生。

Dr. Kissinger knew that I share information with my wife. He told me I couldn't tell my wife about the trip. So what I did was, in those days, the capital of China was known at least in the United States as Peking. I took my wife to the window. There's an American saying about someone who spies on you and from the outside. So I said, "Look outside that window, I think I see a 'Peking Tom'."

基辛格博士知道我同妻子共享信息。他告诉我不能告诉我妻子有关秘密访华一事。所以我当时是这么做的，那时中国的首都，至少在美国人那里，被称为Peking。我把妻子叫到窗前。美国人有种说法，如果有人窥探你，那他一定在窗外。因而我说，“看看窗外，我感觉我看到了Peking Tom”。（译者注：Peking Tom与Peeping Tom谐音，后者意思是“偷窥狂”。）

She's very smart. She understood that meant I was going to go to China. But I didn't actually tell her. So I kept Kissinger's secret, but also informed my wife.

她非常聪明。她明白我这样说的意思就是我要去中国。但是我其实并没有告诉他。因而我保守了基辛格的秘密，但也让妻子知晓了我的行程。

CGTN: Why did Dr. Kissinger say that you were the first official to get into China since 1949?

CGTN：为什么基辛格博士说你是第一位在1949年之后进入中国的美国官员？

Winston Lord: Of all the events in my life, probably the most dramatic was the secret flight from Islamabad, Pakistan to Beijing, in July 1971. I was the first American official to enter China after 22 years of mutual isolation.

温斯顿·洛德：在我一生当中，也许最戏剧性的事就是在那架从巴基斯坦伊斯兰堡前往北京的秘密飞机上。那是在1971年7月。我成为在中美隔绝22年之后，第一位进入中国的美国官员。

The reason was when we were on this Pakistani plane, and Kissinger and other Americans were in the back of the plane, but I was seated towards the front. So as when we went into Chinese airspace in Chinese territory, I got there before Dr. Kissinger.

因为当时在那架巴基斯坦飞机上，基辛格和其他美国官员坐在飞机尾部，但是我在距离飞机头部很近的地方。因而当我们飞越中国领空时，我就在基辛格博士之前，率先进了中国。

I met Zhou Enlai. Chairman Mao was not involved. That was going to be reserved for President Nixon's trip.

我会晤了周恩来。毛主席没有参与，与他的会晤是为尼克松总统的访问预留的。

But I was very fortunate. I was in every single meeting that President Nixon, President Ford, and Dr. Kissinger had in the 1970s with Chairman Mao five times, with Zhou Enlai hundreds of hours, and Deng Xiaoping hundreds of hours. So I had been extremely fortunate as a witness and participant in history.

但我很幸运。1970年代，我参与了所有尼克松总统、福特总统和基辛格博士同毛主席的五次会谈，同周恩来的数百小时会谈和同邓小平的数百小时会谈。因而我作为历史的目击者和参与者是极其幸运的。

We very much enjoyed Peking Duck. We arrived on Friday, July 9. On Saturday, July 10, in between the negotiations, the Chinese closed off the Forbidden City so that we could have a private tour. After that tour, we went to the Great Hall of the People and had the Peking Duck lunch with Zhou Enlai.

我们很爱吃北京烤鸭。我们于7月9日星期五抵京。7月10日星期六，在磋商之间，中国方面关闭了紫禁城，以便我们参观。参观后，我们前往人民大会堂，与周总理共进午餐，吃到了北京烤鸭。

I love Chinese food. There's a saying in America. What would you choose your favorite food for your last meal as if you were going to be executed? I said it would be Peking Duck.

我很爱吃中国菜。在美国有个说法，行刑前要将最喜欢吃的吃一遍作为最后的晚餐，那么我一定会选择北京烤鸭。

CGTN: How was it working with Dr. Kissinger?

CGTN：同基辛格博士共事是怎样一种感觉？

Winston Lord: I always call Dr. Kissinger my mentor and my tormentor. He would stretch my patience, stretch my nerves constantly, ask for revisions and perfections, but he also widened my perspectives and I learned a great deal. I am always grateful to him.

温斯顿·洛德：我总是把基辛格博士称作我的导师和折磨我的人。他会经常折磨我的耐心和神经，要求我修改并完善讲稿，但他也拓宽了我的视角。我学到许多，因而我总是很感激他。

I was his speechwriter for most of his speeches, sometimes others would do it as well. Kissinger would ask me to do a speech on a particular subject. I get my first draft to call into his office. The next day, he said, "Is this the best you can do?" This could go on for five or six drafts. I finally got so exasperated and I said to Henry, "Yes, I changed and polished every paragraph, every word and I stretched this is certainly the best I can do." He looked at me and smiled and said, "In that case, now I'll read it."

我曾是他多数演讲稿的撰稿人，有时其他人也会写。基辛格会让我就特定主题撰写发言稿，我将初稿写好，打电话给他办公室。翌日，他说，“这就是你能写的最好的稿件了吗？”这样的局面可以继续到五、六稿。我到最后终于被激怒，于是跟亨利说，“对，我修改并润色了每一个段落，每一个单词，我已经竭尽所能，这确实是我能写的最好的一版了。”他看看我，微笑道：“那样的话，我会读的。”

I think the secret trip of July 1971 was the single most important event of President Nixon on the international scene, and the single most important event in Dr. Kissinger's entire career.

我认为1971年7月的秘密访华是尼克松总统在国际舞台上最重要的事件，也是基辛格博士一生中最重要的事件。

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