决策者 | 动荡时期的进取式人道主义外交

Editor's note: Decision Makers is a global platform for influential leaders to share their insights on events shaping today's world. A. Emin Onen is Turkey's ambassador to China. The article reflects the author's opinions and not necessarily the views of CGTN.

编者按：《决策者》是全球决策制定者分享对国际事务见解的平台。阿卜杜卡迪尔·埃明·约南是土耳其共和国驻中华人民共和国大使。作者观点不代表CGTN立场。

In a period of uncertainties, crises and conflicts, the Turkish diplomacy advocates undisrupted dialogue as a first step to overcome regional and global challenges. Unfortunately, the global governance mechanisms cannot provide fast and effective solutions to global problems due to their ineffectiveness stemming from the erosion of multilateralism and universal values. In these turbulent times, Turkey pursues a proactive, humanitarian and enterprising foreign policy and emphasizes the need for a just world order to achieve sustainable peace and development. 

在一个充满不确定性、危机和冲突的时期，土耳其在外交策略上主张将不间断的对话作为克服区域和全球挑战的第一步。遗憾的是，由于多边主义和普世价值受到侵蚀，全球治理机制日益缺乏效力，这导致其无法为全球问题提供快速有效的解决方案。在这个动荡的时代，土耳其奉行积极主动的进取式人道主义外交政策，强调需要建立公正的世界秩序以实现可持续的和平与发展。

While contributing to the resolution of various crises ranging from Afghanistan to the Balkans, Africa to the Caucasus both on the ground and on the table, Turkey also accelerated its diplomatic effort to achieve peace between Russia and Ukraine. The Antalya Diplomacy Forum (ADF) and the intense diplomacy traffic being conducted by President Recep Tayyip Erdogan and Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu are the latest examples of Turkey's efforts to avoid further humanitarian tragedies and secure peace and stability in its region and beyond. 

通过实地援助和参与谈判，土耳其在解决各类危机方面做出了重要贡献：阿富汗问题、巴尔干半岛局势、非洲地区冲突、高加索危机等等。如今，土耳其正致力于通过外交方式推动俄乌双方实现和平。举办安塔利亚外交论坛以及埃尔多安总统和恰武什奥卢外长正在开展的密集外交活动，是土耳其为避免人道主义悲剧进一步恶化和确保本地区及其他地区和平与稳定所做努力的最新例证。

Antalya, an internationally renowned tourism destination on Turkey's Mediterranean coast, hosted the ADF for the second time on March 11-13, 2022. Since its inception last year, the ADF has proven to be a global brand and a promising and inclusive venue with over 3,000 participants from 75 countries including 17 heads of state and government, 80 ministers, 39 representatives of international organizations as well as nearly 600 journalists. With over one-third of the world being represented at the Forum, the ADF took its place among the eminent platforms that shape the discussions in the field of international relations. At a time when diplomacy and dialogue are most needed, high-level participation of multi-stakeholders to the ADF voiced a strong message: "The world is transforming, so is the diplomacy; there are conflicts but there is also a strong need for dialogue." 

安塔利亚是土耳其地中海沿岸的国际知名旅游目的地，该市于2022年3月11日至13日举办了第二届安塔利亚外交论坛。自去年首届论坛举办以来，该论坛已成为标志性的全球会议活动，论坛具有积极向上、海纳百川的包容精神，汇聚了来自75个国家的3000多名与会者，其中包括17位国家元首和政府首脑、80位部长、39位国际组织代表以及近600名记者。鉴于世界上超过三分之一的国家都派代表出席论坛，在构建国际关系对话方面，安塔利亚外交论坛完全能在全球知名平台中占有一席之地。在最需要外交和对话的时刻，各利益相关方派出高级别官员出席安塔利亚外交论坛，此举向外界发出了一个强烈的信号：“世界在变，外交也在变；面对冲突，各方非常需要展开对话”。

Turkey's call for dialogue was also appreciated and supported by a wide audience in the Forum. The ADF perfectly served this purpose by providing an opportunity for 212 high level bilateral meetings among the participants and 67 bilateral meetings of Foreign Minister Cavusoglu with his counterparts on the margins of the Forum.

土耳其呼吁各方展开对话，此举也得到了论坛中广大参会代表的称赞和支持。安塔利亚外交论坛为与会者安排了212场高级别双边会议。论坛期间，恰武什奥卢部长与各国部长举行了67场双边会晤。可以说，论坛完美地实现了促进各方对话的目标。

Among those meetings, Foreign Minister Cavusoglu's meeting with his Armenian counterpart, Foreign Minister Ararat Mirzoyan, was considered as a breakthrough since, while coming together in Antalya for the first time, two ministers reiterated their determination to conduct the process aiming at full normalization. As Foreign Minister Cavusoglu also emphasized, Turkey is taking these steps in consultation and close cooperation with Azerbaijan with a view to materialize comprehensive peace and stability in the South Caucasus. This meeting came at a time when Turkey has been also working to ameliorate tensions with a long list of actors, including Israel, the UAE, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Greece, marking a new period of rapprochement with these countries. 

外界认为，在众多会晤当中，恰武什奥卢外长与亚美尼亚外长米尔佐扬的会晤具有突破性意义，因为两位部长在安塔利亚首次会面时，重申了推动实现外交关系全面正常化的决心。恰武什奥卢外长还强调，为了实现南高加索地区的全面和平与稳定，土耳其在推动这一进程时，也在与阿塞拜疆保持协商和密切合作。此次会晤举行之际，土耳其也在努力缓解与众多国家的紧张关系，其中包括以色列、阿联酋、沙特阿拉伯、埃及和希腊，这标志着土耳其与这些国家的关系进入了新的和睦期。

Another critical meeting held in Antalya was the Turkey-Russia-Ukraine Trilateral Meeting in which the foreign ministers of Ukraine and Russia came together for the first time since the start of the armed conflict. From the beginning of the Russia-Ukraine crisis, Turkey has sought common ground and balance for both sides. Having deep strategic and economic ties with both, Turkey is in a unique position as it also controls the Straits linking the Black and Mediterranean Seas. The current crisis once again clearly demonstrated Turkey's vital role for Eurasian stability and security.

“土俄乌三方外长会议”是在安塔利亚外交论坛期间举行的另一场重要会议，这是自俄乌冲突开始以来乌克兰和俄罗斯外长的首次会晤。自俄乌冲突爆发以来，土耳其就在积极调解斡旋，推动双方达成共识与和解。土耳其与俄乌两国都有深厚的战略和经济联系，且土耳其还控制着连接黑海和地中海的海峡，因此具有非常独特的地位。当下危机再次证明土耳其对欧亚稳定和安全能发挥重要作用。 

Minister of Foreign Affairs of Turkey Mevlut Cavusoglu attends the Antalya Diplomacy Forum in Antalya, Turkey, March 11, 2022. /CFP

Turkey simultaneously aims to look out for its interests and to uphold humanity's fundamental values. Its active diplomacy vis-a-vis the Ukraine crisis is the most obvious example of this approach. 

土耳其希望能在关注自身利益的同时，维护人类的基本价值观。其针对俄乌冲突所采取的积极外交策略正是上述理念的最佳例证。

In line with this understanding, President Erdogan has been conducting intense diplomacy traffic by holding tete-a-tete meetings or phone calls with more than 35 world leaders including Russian President Vladimir Putin, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy and U.S. President Joe Biden since the beginning of the crisis. 

基于这一理念，自危机爆发以来，埃尔多安总统组织开展了密集的外交活动，并与包括普京总统、泽连斯基总统和拜登总统在内的超过35位世界领导人举行了会谈或电话沟通。

UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres expressed gratitude for Erdogan's "diplomatic efforts," some of which took place at the margins of the ADF. President Erdogan also recently received President Isaac Herzog of Israel, President Ilham Aliyev of Azerbaijan, Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis of Greece, Chancellor Olaf Scholz of Germany, President Andrzej Duda of Poland and Prime Minister Mark Rutte of the Netherlands in Turkey, where they addressed the Russia-Ukraine war in addition to bilateral relations.

联合国秘书长古特雷斯对埃尔多安总统的“外交努力”表示感谢，其中部分会谈就发生在安塔利亚外交论坛期间。埃尔多安总统最近还在土耳其接见了以色列总统赫尔佐格、阿塞拜疆总统阿利耶夫、希腊总理米佐塔基斯、德国总理朔尔茨、波兰总统杜达和荷兰首相马克•吕特，他们在会谈中除讨论双边关系外，还讨论了俄乌冲突。

President Erdogan reiterated Turkey's message that "any approach to the Russia-Ukraine crisis that doesn't prioritize peace will result in disaster and Turkey's main aim is to reconcile the parties" at the NATO Leader's Summit in Brussels on March 24. At the Summit, President Erdogan also held bilateral meetings with prominent world leaders, including French President Emmanuel Macron, British Prime Minister Boris Johnson, Italian Prime Minister Mario Draghi, Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez and Estonian Prime Minister Kaja Kallas, to discuss the ongoing war in Ukraine. 

3月24日在布鲁塞尔举行的北约领导人峰会上，埃尔多安总统重申了土耳其的立场，即“任何不以和平为重的处理俄乌危机的方式都将导致灾难，土耳其的主要目标是使各方实现和解”。在峰会上，埃尔多安总统还与法国总统马克龙、英国首相约翰逊、意大利总理德拉吉、西班牙首相桑切斯和爱沙尼亚总理卡拉斯等杰出的世界领导人举行了双边会晤，讨论正在发生的俄乌冲突。

Since the eruption of the Russia-Ukraine crisis, President Erdogan has sought common ground and balance for both sides, which only aims to further peace. This cautious policy approach has provided Turkey space to pursue diplomatic initiatives for mediation. Foreign Minister Cavusoglu held phone talks with Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov and Ukrainian Foreign Minister Dmytro Kuleba to discuss the situation and the negotiation process. In the last round of face-to-face bilateral negotiations, which took place in Istanbul on March 29-30, Kyiv and Moscow achieved the most meaningful progress since the conflict began. Turkey is aware of its responsibility stemming from the trust vested in itself by both parties and regards the ongoing negotiations as a beacon of hope for lasting ceasefire and peace. 

自俄乌冲突爆发以来，埃尔多安总统一直积极调解斡旋，推动双方达成共识与和解，以期实现和平。这种审慎的政策态度使得土耳其具备采取外交举措参与调解的空间。恰武什奥卢外长与俄乌外长拉夫罗夫先生和乌克兰外交部长库莱巴先生举行了电话会谈，讨论局势和谈判进程。在3月29日至30日于伊斯坦布尔举行的最新一轮线下双边谈判中，俄乌双方取得了自冲突爆发以来最具实质性意义的谈判进展。土耳其意识到自己的责任源于俄乌两国的信任，并认为正在进行的谈判给实现持久停火与和平带来了希望。

In addition to its efforts for dialogue, Turkey initiated immediate humanitarian assistance for the victims of this violence, and also joined other international aid efforts. Witnessing the heart-breaking tragedy in Ukraine as the host country to the largest refugee population in the world, Turkey has thus far delivered 56 truckloads of humanitarian aid to the region, and continues to send new ones. Turkey has assisted more than 63,000 foreign nationals, including Ukrainians, to leave the zones of conflict. The number of Ukrainians who have come to Turkey, on the other hand, has surpassed 60,000.   

除了努力促进对话外，土耳其还为冲突的受害者提供紧急人道主义援助，并加入其他国际援助行动之中。眼见令人心痛的人道主义悲剧正在乌克兰上演，土耳其作为世界上收容难民数量最多的国家，已向该地区运送了56辆卡车的人道主义援助物资，并会继续提供新的援助。土耳其已协助包括乌克兰人在内的6.3万多名外国民众撤离冲突地区。目前已有6万多乌克兰人来到土耳其。

In 2023, the Republic of Turkey will proudly celebrate its centennial anniversary. Its diplomatic network, fifth largest in the world, its status as a diplomatic hub and its ongoing diplomatic efforts exemplified above are among the manifestations of its determination to achieve sustainable peace and stability in its neighborhood and beyond.    

2023年，土耳其共和国将自豪地庆祝其百年诞辰。目前土耳其拥有全球第五大外交网络，该国的外交枢纽地位及其正在开展的外交努力，都体现出土耳其致力于推动实现邻国及其他地区持久和平与稳定的决心。

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