就实论事｜中国第三次主办金砖国家领导人会晤

2011年，中国在三亚首次主办金砖国家领导人会晤，这也是南非加入金砖后的第一次领导人会晤；2017年厦门会晤，中国首次提出了“金砖+”合作理念；2022年，百年变局叠加世纪疫情，金砖会晤再次迎来中国主场，参会人员约2600人，金砖“朋友圈”越来越大。CGTN主持人刘欣为你追溯中国的金砖情缘，探讨被西方媒体刻意忽视的金砖机制如何为全球治理把脉开方？

China hosted the BRICS Summit for the first time in 2011, which also marked South Africa's first attendance. The second time that China hosted the BRICS Summit was in 2017. It was in that summit that China first proposed "BRICS Plus" cooperation. We've now come to the year 2022, despite the pandemic, some 2,600 people participated in the various meetings in the just finished BRICS Summit that was again hosted by China. Follow CGTN's Liu Xin to look back at the BRICS Summits that China hosted. Can BRICS help facilitate a fairer world order?

刘欣：随着新兴经济体成为世界经济增长的强大动力，再加上美国主导的七国集团和北约将在月底举行峰会，金砖国家能否促进世界秩序变得更加公平？金砖国家领导人第十四次会晤于本周举行，现在正是回顾金砖国家历史的好时机。

Liu Xin: With emerging economies being a powerful engine for global growth, can BRICS help facilitate a fairer world order, especially as US-dominated G7 and NATO are to hold their summits later this month? With the 14th BRICS Summit opening this week, it's a good time to look at the history of this institution. 

1991年，苏联解体，美国成为唯一的超级大国。1992年，按购买力平价计算，美国国内生产总值（GDP）占全球总量的五分之一，居全球首位。新成立的俄罗斯联邦占了大约3%，中国略高，但也只占5%左右，当时的世界经济显然是单极的。

When the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991, the United States became the only superpower. In 1992, American GDP in Purchasing Power Parity terms was one-fifth of the global total, the largest among all countries. The newly formed Russian Federation took up some 3%. China was slightly higher, accounting for only some 5%. It was clearly a uni-polar world, as you can see.

快进到21世纪，2008年的金融危机是美国经济的一个重要转折点，从那时起开始，美国占全球经济的比重持续下降。尽管发生了金融危机，中国、印度、巴西占全球经济的比重在增长。

Fast-forward to the 21st century. The financial crisis in 2008 was a crucial turning point for the U.S. as you can see its importance vis-à-vis the global economy started to drop steadily ever since. But China's share of the global GDP jumped and India and Brazil, as you can see, also saw their share growing despite the crisis. 

在此背景下，2009年，金砖四国领导人举行了首次正式会晤。2011年，在三亚，中国首次主办金砖国家领导人会晤，当时世界还在为金融危机所困扰，这也是南非加入金砖后的第一次领导人会晤。此时，金砖五国GDP占全球的27%左右，人口占全球的40%，这可不是个小数字。

Against this backdrop, the BRIC leaders held their first official meeting in 2009. China hosted the BRICS Summit for the first time in 2011 in the southern Chinese city of Sanya, when the world was still reeling from the impact of the financial crisis. It was also the first time after South Africa joined the meeting; and by the way, you see it here, South Africa. By then, the five countries accounted for some 27% of the global GDP, and 40% of the global population. That's not a small number. 

中国第二次主办金砖国家领导人会晤是2017年在厦门。当时，按购买力平价计算，中国的GDP首次超越美国，请看我们的柱状图。作为一个整体，金砖国家经济占全球的比重有何变化？这一比重进一步上升到近29%，与此同时，美国经济占全球的比重继续下降到16%左右。

The second time that China hosted the BRICS Summit was in 2017, in the southern Chinese city of Xiamen. That was also around the time when the Chinese GDP in PPP terms overtook that of the U.S., as you will see in the comparison of these columns! What happened to the collective weight of BRICS countries? It went further up to almost 29%. Meanwhile the share of the U.S. economy continued to decline, to some 16% of the world's total.

正是在那次峰会上，中国首次提出“金砖+”机制，邀请另外五个发展中国家的领导人出席会晤。尽管面临疫情考验和全球经济挑战，金砖五国占世界经济的比重一直在上升，到2020年，这五个国家GDP占到全球的30%以上。

It was in that summit that China first proposed "BRICS Plus" to invite leaders of five more developing countries to the summit. Despite COVID-19 and the global economic challenge, the overall weight of the five countries has kept rising. By 2020, the five countries accounted for some over 30% of the global GDP. 

来到2022年，金砖国家领导人会晤再次迎来中国主场。此次会晤的主题为“构建高质量伙伴关系 共创全球发展新时代”，尽管受到了疫情的影响，仍预计有两千六百人参加相关的各类会议 人们的热情之高涨，可见一斑。顺便说一下，我身后的背景是会议的举办地北京的人民大会堂。

We've now come to the year 2022, when the summit is being hosted by China again, and the theme this time is "Foster High-Quality BRICS Partnership, Usher in a New Era for Global Development." Despite the pandemic, some 2,600 people are expected to participate in the various meetings that are going on. The enthusiasm is obvious! By the way, the background behind me is the Great Hall of the People in Beijing.

泰国前总理阿披实·维乍集瓦：金砖国家合作机制对所有新兴和发展中经济体都很重要。过去，各大论坛由经济大国主导，某些大国长期在全球事务上发号施令。金砖国家机制包括了一些正在崛起的大型经济体，它们可以更好地理解其他新兴和发展中经济体所面临的问题和挑战。

Former Thai Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva: "I think it's important for all emerging and developing economies. I think maybe forums have been dominated by the big economic powers, who have been calling the shots on global matters for a long long time. The emergence of the grouping of BRICS where there are large economies, that are emerging economies. I think we can understand issues and challenges faced by other emerging developing economies better." 

泰国是受邀参与“金砖+”机制的国家之一，根据国际货币基金组织的数据，自成立以来，金砖国家贡献了世界经济增长的一半，还在继续引领全球经济复苏。

Thailand is one of the countries that's been invited to participate under the BRICS Plus mechanism. According to the IMF, BRICS countries have contributed half of the world economic growth since the group's inception. 

让我们来看看国际媒体是如何报道金砖的，答案非常简单：他们不报道。

And it continues to lead global economic recovery. Let's take a look at how some int'l media have been covering BRICS. The answer is very short. They don't. 

事实上，国际媒体似乎一直在回避这个话题，如果我搜索关于金砖国家的新闻，会发生什么？搜索结果几乎都来自中国媒体。显然，西方国家对金砖缺乏兴趣。金砖国家涵盖了约30%的全球GDP，而且这一比重还在不断增加。

Actually, the international media seem to have been avoiding this subject all along. What happens if I search for news about BRICS in general? The results are almost exclusively from Chinese media. Clearly, there's a lack of interest from the West in this group, which covers some 30% of the global GDP and counting!

为什么一直以来西方主流媒体对金砖保持沉默？“金砖+”合作模式的出现是否让人意外？

Why the Western mainstream media have been quiet on BRICS？Has "BRICS Plus" come as a surprise?

中国社科院高级研究员任琳：我认为，金砖国家合作机制是发展中国家和新兴经济体的发声平台，这也是它被西方媒体忽视的原因之一。因为发展中国家和新兴经济体希望改革当前有失公允的全球治理结构，这是其中一个原因。

Ren Lin, Senior Research Fellow, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences: I think for BRICS, it is a platform for the developing countries and emerging economies to have its voice. And therefore, it's also one of the reasons why it is ignored by the Western media, because the developing and emerging economies wanted to reform the non-neutral global governance structure. That's one of the reasons. 

我想提到的另一个原因是，他们不仅忽视了金砖机制，也忽视了金砖国家对世界经济增长的贡献，还忽视了当前的形势，和平赤字、发展赤字、信任赤字、以及全球治理赤字。

Another I would like to refer to is that they do not only ignore somehow BRICS, but also as well as the BRICS contributions to the world economic growth, but also ignore the current situation, the deficit of peace, deficit of the development, the deficit of trust, and the deficit of governance.

清华大学教授福鑫：我们正步入金砖合作的第二个阶段，因为现在是扩大“朋友圈”的时候了。许多西方媒体，特别是欧美媒体，他们试图赌金砖定会失败，认为金砖徒有其表，有可能很快就会衰落，然而这并没有发生。

Alessandro Golombiewski Teixeira, Distinguished Professor, Tsinghua University: We are entering the second phase of BRICS right now. Because now it's time to enlarge, many Western media, especially again the United States and European Union. They tried to bet against BRICS, saying that this would be a form, but would be dying very soon. And this didn't happen.

显而易见，金砖的“朋友圈”会越来越大。我们有来自拉丁美洲的候选国、来自中东的候选国、来自非洲国家的候选国，所以金砖合作机制在扩容。

It's very clear that BRICS will expand. We have candidacy from Latin America. We have candidacy from the Middle East. We have candidacy from Africa countries. So things are expanding. 

我们准备好了迎接新开发银行的新成员。比如，埃及是新成员，阿联酋也是新成员。随着金砖合作进入下一个阶段，扩容对未来金砖作为一个多边合作机制（发挥作用）非常重要。

We are ready to let in the NDB new members. For example, Egypt is a new member. UAE is a new member. So in this second phase, I think it's very important for the future of BRICS as a multilateral cooperation mechanism.

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