数观｜上海合作组织

上海合作组织（SCO）国家元首理事会2022年峰会于本周四和周五在乌兹别克斯坦的撒马尔罕举行。

上海合作组织是一个常设政府间国际组织，由哈萨克斯坦共和国、中华人民共和国、吉尔吉斯共和国、俄罗斯联邦、塔吉克斯坦共和国、乌兹别克斯坦共和国于2001年6月15日在中国上海宣布成立的永久性政府间国际组织。它的前身是"上海五国"机制。

就地理范围和人口数量而言，上合组织是世界上最大的区域组织，其覆盖欧亚大陆约60%的土地面积，占世界总量的25%，占世界人口的41%。上海合作组织成员国的经济实力也不容小觑，2021年，其成员国国内生产总值总和占全球GDP的24%。

截至国家元首理事会2022年峰会前，有八个国家享有上海合作组织的正式成员地位，分别为中国、俄罗斯、哈萨克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦、塔吉克斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦、巴基斯坦和印度；四个国家——阿富汗、白俄罗斯、伊朗和蒙古——享有上海合作组织观察员国地位；六个国家——阿塞拜疆、亚美尼亚、柬埔寨、尼泊尔、土耳其和斯里兰卡——具有对话伙伴地位。

另外，上合组织成员国元首理事会2021年杜尚别峰会决定，启动接收伊朗为成员国的程序，吸收沙特阿拉伯、埃及、卡塔尔为新的对话伙伴。

The 2022 annual summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) Heads of State Council has been held on Thursday and Friday in Samarkand, Uzbekistan.

The SCO is a permanent intergovernmental international organization, the establishment of which was announced on June 15, 2001 in Shanghai by the People's Republic of China, the Russian Federation, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, the Republic of Tajikistan and the Republic of Uzbekistan. It was preceded by the mechanism of The Shanghai Five.

According to the SCO official website, the main goals of the SCO are: strengthening confidence and good-neighborly relations among the member countries; promoting effective cooperation in a wide range of fields as well as making joint efforts to maintain and ensure peace, security and stability in the region; and moving towards the establishment of a new, democratic, just and rational political and economic international order.

In terms of geographic scope and population, the SCO is the world's largest regional organization, covering approximately 60 percent of the land area of Eurasia, 25 percent of the world's total, and 41 percent of the world's population. SCO members also have significant economic weight, accounting for 24 percent of global GDP in 2021. 

With the accession of India and Pakistan, the SCO has become the most comprehensive regional organization with the largest population, the most extensive geographical area, and huge potential, said Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Hua Chunying in 2018.

Currently, eight countries enjoy the status of full SCO membership: China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Pakistan and India; four countries – Afghanistan, Belarus, Iran and Mongolia – have observer status with the SCO; and six countries – Azerbaijan, Armenia, Cambodia, Nepal, Türkiye, and Sri Lanka – have dialogue partner status. 

The decisions to begin the procedures for Iran's accession to full SCO membership and the procedures for Egypt, Qatar and Saudi Arabia's accessions to dialogue partners were made at the 2021 summit of the SCO Heads of State Council in Dushanbe. 

"The SCO member countries should uphold the Shanghai Spirit, work together and help each other to build a closer SCO community with a shared future," said Wang Yi, Chinese state councilor and foreign minister, at a meeting of the SCO Council of Foreign Ministers in Tashkent in July.

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