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逐日!中国成功发射综合性太阳探测卫星“夸父一号”

CGTN 2022-10-15



北京时间2022年10月9日7时43分,我国在酒泉卫星发射中心使用长征二号丁运载火箭,成功将先进天基太阳天文台卫星发射升空,卫星顺利进入预定轨道,发射任务获得圆满成功。


先进天基太阳天文台搭载了全日面矢量磁象仪、莱曼阿尔法太阳望远镜和太阳硬X射线成像仪三台有效载荷。三台载荷相互配合,可以实现在一颗近地卫星平台上对太阳磁场、太阳耀斑非热辐射、日冕物质抛射日面形成和近日面传播的同时观测。借助莱曼阿尔法太阳望远镜,科学家将首次在莱曼阿尔法波段实现全日面和近日冕的同时观测。该卫星设计寿命4年,运行在距离地面约720千米的太阳同步晨昏轨道。


太阳活动具有周期性,每11年一个周期,2024-2025年将迎来下一个太阳活动高峰。先进天基太阳天文台将利用太阳活动第25周峰年的契机,以“一磁两暴”为科学目标开展观测。“一磁”即太阳磁场,“两暴”即太阳上两类最剧烈的爆发现象——太阳耀斑和日冕物质抛射。该卫星将研究“一磁两暴”的形成、演化、相互作用、彼此关联等,为影响人类航天、通讯、导航等高科技活动的空间灾害性天气预报提供支持。


据介绍,在2022年7月,卫星工程部门就向全国征名,共搜集到25000多份提名,其中三分之一都建议命名为“夸父”,最后选择使用“夸父一号”作为卫星的名称,反映了中国人对“夸父逐日”神话的喜爱,对太阳神秘的追求。专家也希望中国的探日计划能够以“夸父”形成系列。



China on Sunday launched its first comprehensive solar probe, the Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory (ASO-S), according to the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

The satellite was launched atop a Long March-2D carrier rocket from northwest China's Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center at 7:43 a.m. Beijing Time and has entered the designated orbit.

China launches its first comprehensive solar probe, the Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory (ASO-S), atop a Long March-2D carrier rocket from northwest China's Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center at 7:43 a.m. Beijing Time, October 9, 2022. Wang Jiangbo/China Media Group

ASO-S' study of solar physics

The probe, dubbed Kuafu-1, a sun seeker in ancient Chinese mythology, will operate in orbit 720 kilometers from Earth, permanently facing the sun. 

Equipped with a trio of instruments, the 888-kilogram satellite will provide insight into the sun's magnetic field, the cause of solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). 

Solar flares and CMEs are two high-energy eruptions from the sun's atmosphere. While CMEs are relatively gentle expulsions of plasma and magnetic fields, solar flares produce bursts of electromagnetic radiation that travel at the speed of light, reaching Earth in just over 8 minutes.

Both solar flares and CMEs can affect Earth when they reach and interact with our planet's atmosphere. Therefore, studying them can help researchers forecast such eruptions with data from ASO-S, minimizing the potential interference with navigation systems or power grid disruptions, according to astrophysicist Gan Weiqun from the Purple Mountain Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the mission's chief scientist.

The data will be collected from a set of tools loaded on the satellites, which include an All-Solar Vector Magnetic Imager, a Lyman Alpha Solar Telescope and a Solar Hard X-ray Imager. 

"After the probe's initial commissioning phase, ASO-S's data will be open for anyone to access for free," said Li Hui, a researcher from the same academy and the chief scientific application systems engineer of the probe.

The ASO-S is set to operate for four years, covering the 2024-to-2025 peak of the solar cycle, which normally lasts 11 years.

"Today's launch will provide us the best window period for studying the sun," said Gan. "A four-year minimus life span of the probe can cover peak years; we can observe a lot of eruptions."

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