这些错误的学习习惯，入坑了吗？
每天都在学学学，却发现花了很多时间然而并没有什么用！这种感觉真的是太不爽了……
造成这个结果最主要的原因，就是因为你的学习方式有问题！
今天，英大为大家梳理了一些常见的错误学习方式。快看看你有没有？有则改之，无则加勉~
开始学习时第一步主要是阅读课本，但你不能只读课本或文章，这就是被动学习。要想有效地学习，你必须积极地去理解书中的内容。我们越多地“运用”这些信息——通过阅读、写作、画图、测验，就记住更多的内容。
Reading your text book is a great first step when it comes to studying, but you can’t just read your text book or passage. That is passive studying. To study effectively, you have to get active with the material in your book. The more we “work” with information, by reading, writing, drawing, and quizzing, the more we remember it.
学习的每个主题都以某种合理结构展现出来，如果是数学——就用构建模块的方式展现，如果是社会科学研究——就用类别的方式。请花一些时间去了解你的学习内容以何种方式呈现，并且针对内容制定一个学习计划。
Every topic that you study has been presented to you in some type of sensible structure, whether it is math – which comes in building blocks, or social studies - which comes in categories. Take some time to examine how the material you're studying was presented to you, and frame the material this way as you study.
记忆可以通过重复加强。但不要去相信可以通过单一的填鸭式方法学习知识。重复的学习方式可以接受一些信息，但有一些则不会掌握。这个策略在某种程度上是可行的，如果你乐意得到一个C级的分数。
Memories are reinforced through repetition. Do not fool yourself into believing that you can really learn material in a single session of cramming. Some of the information will absorb, but some will evaporate, which means it's an OK strategy if you're going to be happy with a C grade.
如果在获取信息前给出框架，大脑运行会更有效率。在上课前做指定阅读时，请你为即将在课上听到的信息建立“抽屉和文件”（即了解所学知识的整体框架）。如果没有这个准备好的存储系统，你的大脑就不知道文件应该存储到哪里，它很有可能在一片混乱中遗失了信息。
Your brain works best if we give it time to create a framework for the information we’re taking in. When you do your assigned readings befor class, you establish “drawers and files” for the information you hear in class lectures.Without this ready storage system, your brain doesn’t know where to file things, and it is more likely to get lost in confusion.
学生常犯的一个常见错误就是忽略阅读材料上的图片和图表。这些视觉化的东西被选择是有理由的，并且这些指示图往往包括考试的相关信息。下次你为考试复习一个章节时，一定要注意到这些图片，并且可以将这些图片信息放入抽认卡中。
One very common mistake students make is glazing over images and charts in their readings. Those visuals are chosen for a reason, and instructors often include information from the information on exams.The next time you’re reviewing a chapter for an exam, make sure to notice the images, and work into that information your flashcards.
抽认卡很棒，但是你必须学会正确使用抽认卡。把关键词或日期放在卡的一面，而把解释和定义放在另一面。反复测验自己，直到你可以记忆每个术语的定义。使用一叠抽认卡，选择两个随机卡，然后写一个简短的段落解释这两个术语之间的关系。这个练习将帮助你了解单个的术语如何联系形成一个整体。
Flashcards are terrific, but you have to learn to use flashcards the right way. Put key terms or dates on one side and definitions on the other. Quiz yourself repeatedly until you can define every term from memory.Go through your stack again, selecting two random cards. Then write a short paragraph explaining how the two terms relate to each other. This exercise will help you understand how individual terms fit into the bigger picture.
学生喜欢熬夜学习，但在考前的晚上这是一个危险的行为。通常，学生为考试死记硬背到深夜，然后在肾上腺素(或咖啡因)奔涌在静脉中（即亢奋）的状况下入睡。当这一切发生时，你容易睡眠过少，以木讷的状态进入考试。
Students love to stay up late to study, but this is a dangerous practice on the night before a test. Often, students cram for a test late into the night, and then go to bed with the adrenalin (or caffeine) pumping throughtheir veins.When this happens, you run the risk of getting too little sleepand taking the test in a zombie-like state.
看完之后了解这些错误的学习习惯了吗？快来跟英大说说掉进哪个坑了！
据说有人掉了好几个坑，果然高手在民间，同坑的记得相互握个手。
（编辑：然少）