备战中考丨第四讲—数词(思维导图+微课+讲解音频)
本期备战中考为您奉上热乎乎的数词专题,伙伴们带上充足的脑细胞跟小编一起消化这期丰富的知识吧~
中考分析数词是表示事物的数量或顺序的词。根据数词的特征,可将数词分为基数词和序数词。中考课标要求掌握基数词和序数词的的构成和用法。考查集中体现在对基数词、序数词的拼写和读法,分数、世纪、年代、时刻、年龄、年月日和hundred/ thousand/ million /billion等常用表达。卷面中数词所占分值约为1-3分。一般分布在单项选择、补全对话、完形填空、短文填空、翻译、任务型阅读及写作中。
导图梳理点击图片可放大查看思维导图哟~
点击图片可放大查看思维导图哟~
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表示事物的数量或顺序的词叫做数词。
2 数词的分类根据数词的特征,可将数词分为基数词和序数词:
基数词表示数目,如:one ,two, three…
序数词表示顺序,如:first , second, third…
3 数词在句中的功能数词具有名词和形容词性质,在句中可用作主、宾、定、表、同位语及状语等。
◆基数词的构成:
1-12 | one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve |
13-19 | thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen |
20-90 | twenty thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety |
几十几 | 26 twenty-six |
三位数 | 103 a (one) hundred and three |
多位数 | 1,000 a / one thousand 1,000,000 a / one million 1,000,000,000 a/one billion (美) a/ one thousand million (英) |
◆ 序数词的构成:
1.序数词的构成:基数词+th,通常要加定冠词。如:the fifth lesson
特殊:first, second, third, fifth,eighth, ninth, twelfth。
①整十的序数词,由相应的基数词将词尾y改为ie,再加th 构成:twentieth…ninetieth
②非整十的多位数,将个位数变成序数词即可:
twenty-first(21st), ninety-ninth (99th),three hundred and sixty-fifth (365th)。
2.序数词的缩写:数字加上词的末尾两个字母。 如:1st 、2nd 、3rd、4th …。
◆ 常用用法:
表达编号
基数词位于名词后, 较常用。( 也可以用序数词位于名词前,并加定冠词来表达。)
如:Room 302 (读作:room three o two)
Tel:3855633 读作:three eight five five(double five)six three three (double three)
Lesson One =the first lesson
2表示时刻
① 整点:基数词的整数+ o’clock, o'clock可省略如: five (o’clock)
② “几点过几分”用介词past, ≤30分钟。如: 10:10 ten past ten
③ “几点差几分”用介词to , >30分钟。如:08:40 twenty to nine
④ 如果时刻的分数是15或者30,常用a quarter 或half 表示。如:08:45 a quarter to nine 12:30 half past twelve
⑤ 铁路或航运通常用24小时制表示,可直接读取。如:08:10 eight ten
3表达年龄
① 在8岁时:at the age of eight , at eight , at age eight
② 一个8岁的女孩: an eight-year-old girl, a girl who is eight years old
③ in + one’s + 整十数的基数词复数形式
意思为:……多岁了。
e.g. My grandmother is in her eighties.
我祖母80多岁了。
4表示年、年代、世纪
1995年 读作:nineteen ninety-five
2015年 读作: two thousand and fifteen
80年代: the 80s 或the 80’s
20世纪90年代: in the 1990s 或 in the 1990’s
5表示分数、小数、百分数
1)分数表示法:
①分子用基数词,(分母用序数词)分子大于1,分母需用复数。
如:
②带分数,整数和分数间用and 连接。
如:5
2)小数表示法:
小数点读作point,零读作 o 或 zero。 如:0.05 读作:zero point zero five
3) 百分数表示法:
百分数用percent/ per cent 表示。
如:5% 读作:five percent
注意:“(分数、小数、百分数、half )+of+特指名词”结构作主语时,谓语动词的数与其中名词的数保持一致。
e.g. About 30 percent of the pupils were absent that day.
Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is covered by sea.
但是当(分数、小数、百分数、half )+of+ population 时,谓语应用复数。
e.g. Two thirds of the population in this city are enjoying their life .
6hundred, thousand,million 及billion的用法
① 当表示确切的数字时,hundred, thousand, million, billion 不能使用复数形式。
如:two hundred students
② 当“hundred, thousand, million, billion ” 的复数形式后接of 短语,表示数百、数千、数百万这样的泛指,则用复数。其前不加具体数词。
如:thousands of people
即:hundreds / thousands / millions /billions + of + 名词复数
具体数字+ hundred / thousand / million / billion + 名词复数
注意:有a few, several或 many 修饰限制时, 其后用单复数均可。
a) 用单数时,其后的介词of可以省略; 如:several hundred ( of ) workers
b) 用复数形式时,其后介词是不可以省略的。 如:several hundreds of workers
c) 当of 后的名词有the, these, those 等特指限定词修饰时,或其后接的是us, them 这样的人称代词时,则此时介词of 不可以省略。 如:two hundred of the workers / us
7基数词的位置
在another , all 后面,如:another two cakes = two more cakes all the eight books
在 such, more 之前。如: three such books
◆ 特殊用法:
half 的用法:
a) “一半…… ”的表示法:half + a/an + 名词 或者 a half +名词
如:half a day / a half day 半天 half an hour / a half hour 半小时
b) “一个半”的表示法: one and a half hours / an (one) hour and a half
c) 作名词时可用half (of ) +特指名词,half of + 人称代词宾格
如: half ( of ) the students half of them
◆ 复合数词的用法:
复合数词用以表达计量、数目或数量,常用作形容词,在句中作定语,一般不作表语。有连字符出现,用名词单数。通常结构为:基数词-单数名词-形容词。
如:an eight-month-old baby a two- week-visit to England
6序数词的用法1.以下情况序数词前不加定冠词:①当序数词前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格等修饰时,序数词前不用the。
e.g. Mother was my first teacher in my life.
Tom is Lily's second boyfriend.
②.当表达“又一,再一”时,序数词前加不定冠词a /an。
e.g. Please give me a second chance.
③.当序数词在句中作状语时,序数词前不用 the。 e.g. Who got there second?
④当表达考试(赛跑等)中获得的名次时,序数词前不用 the。
e.g. She won first in his class.
⑤当用在一些习语中, 序数词前不用 the。
at first 起初 first of all 首先
2.月日表达:当表达“月日”时,书写时,序数词前不用the;朗读时,序数词前要加the。
如:Oct.1st, 1949
读作: October (the) first, nineteen forty-nine
1st Oct, 1949
读作: the first of October, nineteen forty-nine
注意:具体日子前用on ,年月前用in 。如:in June, 2015 on August 1st
典型例题考点1. hundred, thousand,million 及billion的用法:
The volunteers sent ________ books to a mountain village school on Children’s Day. (江苏中考)
A. two hundreds of B. two hundred of
C. two hundreds D. two hundred
【解析】:本题考查hundred 与具体数字连用时用单数,且后不接of 这一表达法,因此 A 、C 选项中hundred 用复数形式是错误的。 B 选项中hundred 前有具体数字不能加of 或者改成 two hundred of the 也是可以的, 故此只能选D项。
考点2 分数表达法:
_____ of the students in our class _______ money to the disabled people these days. (贵州中考)
A. Two third, have raised B. Two thirds , has raised
C. Two three, have raised D. Two thirds , have raised
【解析】:本题句意为:近日,我们班三分之二的学生把钱捐给了残疾人。分数的分子大于一,分母用复数形式,所以三分之二的表达应该是two thirds。介词of 后的名词是复数,所以谓语为复数形式:have raised。故此选择D选项。
考点3 基数词的位置:
The work is too difficult for Mr. Zhu to finish in a week. He needs _______days. (江苏中考)
A. more two B. two more
C. two another D. another more
【解析】:本题根据基数词在another 后,more 之前的原理,可以推断A、C 不符合规则,选项D 中,英语通常的搭配是a few more,故此题选择B选项。
考点4 复合数词的用法:
It's __________walk from the library to the playground.
A. five-minute B. a five-minute
C. five minutes D. five-minutes’
【解析】:本题根据复合数词作定语,有连字符出现,用名词单数原理,可以推断C、D不符合原理,如果写成 a five minutes’应该可以。因为walk 前应该有a修饰,所以我们应该选择B选项。
错题整理1. —How many people were invited to the meeting?
—About six_______.
A. hundred B. hundreds
C. hundred of D. hundreds of
2. Tom has just finished writing a _________ article.
A. nine-hundred-words B. nine-hundreds-word
C. nine-hundred-word D. nine-hundreds-words
3. Bill said they would have_____ holiday.
A. a two-month B. two month
C. two-months D. two month's
4. It's never too old to learn. Karl Marx began to learn English in his _______.
A. the fiftieth B. fiftieth
C. fifty D. fifties
5. Time is not enough for so much work. ____ people are needed, I think.
A. Other two B. Only two
C. Two more D. Two others
6. Father’s Day is on the ______ Sunday in June. It’s on June 21st this year.
A. first B. second
C. third D. fourth
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讲师介绍王跃楠 辽宁省阜新市第四中学
辽宁省首批初中英语名师工作室主持人。省初中英语学科带头人。全国中小学外语教师教学能手。省级、部级“一师一优课”专家评委。市“技术标兵、“五一奖章”、“十佳”青年教师 ”、“模范教师”等称号。微课获得国家一等奖。主持省级课题。编写多本教辅。
辽宁省阜新市第四中学
阜新市第四中学始建于1956年,现有学生901名,教职员工97人,其中特级教师2人,高级教师25人。学校先后被评为辽宁省电化教学先进校、示范校,辽宁省教育科研先进集体,阜新市模范学校,阜新市教学管理先进学校,太平区名校等等。
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