纯干货|哥伦比亚大学毕业演讲:前谷歌全球副总裁李开复：人最重要的不是大脑，是心| 世青News
演讲人介绍
李开复，1961年12月3日出生于台湾省新北市中和区。1966年，在台湾就读小学，1972年，李开复跟随哥哥至美国田纳西州橡树岭就读初中、高中，1983年从哥伦比亚大学计算机科学系毕业，1988年获得卡内基梅隆大学计算机系博士，当年被《商业周刊》授予“最重要科学创新奖”。他是一位信息产业的经理人、创业者和电脑科学的研究者。曾在苹果、SGI、微软和Google等多家IT公司担当要职。2009年9月从谷歌离职后创办创新工场，并任董事长兼首席执行官。2013年9月，李开复对外宣布罹患淋巴癌。2013年10月21日称最近化疗后身体检查结果有几项指数未降反升，需要更加严格的遵照医嘱，专注于治疗和休养。不得不大幅度减少在社交媒体上的时间。2015年2月13日，创新工场联合创始人王肇辉的朋友圈显示，李开复在患病离开北京17个月后回到了创新工场的北京办公室，与员工进行交流。
李开复在哥伦比亚大学的毕业演讲
演讲稿
After all that serious tech talk, what I am going to talk about next may seem a little bit out-of place. But it comes from my heart.
Four years ago, I was diagnosed with 4th stage lymphoma. I faced the real possibility that my remaining time here was measured in months.
During that time of ultimate uncertainty, I thought a lot about my life. I came to realize that my accomplishments, and even the arrival of AI after waiting 30 years meant nothing to me.
I came to realize that by chasing these technologies, products, investments, and my career, my priorities were out-of-order. I neglected my family. My father had passed away. My mother barely remembered me. My kids had grown up.
One of the books I read during my illness was Bronnie Ware's book about the regrets of people on their deathbeds. She found that no one wished they'd worked harder or spent more time at the office or accumulated more possessions. People's top wish was that they had spent more time, sharing their love of their loved ones.
Fortunately, I am now in remission so I am here with you today. I am spending much more time with my family. I moved closer to my mother. I travel with my wife, whether on business or for pleasure. When my kids come home, I would take not two or three days off from work, but two or three weeks.
I also spent more time meaningfully connecting with more people. I spent weekends traveling with my best friends. I took my company on a one-week vacation to Silicon Valley -- their Mecca. I met with young people who sent me questions on Facebook. I reached out to people I offended years ago and asked for their forgiveness and friendship. I wrote a book and shot a documentary to share what I had learned from my near-death experience.
My near-death experience not only changed my life and my values, it gave me an enlightened view about what AI should mean for humanity.
Elon Musk and Stephen Hawking have given us their view, a view where machines supersede humans completely, and we are to control them or become them.
With my near-death experience, I would like to offer an alternate ending to their prediction of the AI future. Surely AI has, or will beat us on many analytical tasks with definitive decisions and outcomes. But these tasks are not what make us human. What makes us human is that we are able to love.
The moment when we see our new-born babies; the feeling of love-at-first-sight; the warm feeling from friends who listen to us empathetically; the feeling of self-actualization when we help someone in need. Or if you want empirical proof, the fact that the placebo effect works. These all demonstrate that we are far from understanding the human “heart”, let alone replicating it. But we do know that humans uniquely are able to love and be loved. Humans want to love and be loved. That loving and being loved are what makes our lives worthwhile.
With this belief, we now know what we must do. At a minimum, recognize and be thankful that we are loved. If we can do better, return the love, and maybe a little bit more. Finally, the highest level of love: Pay it forward. Give love unconditionally.
Coming back to our AI theme, love differentiates us from AI. Despite what science fiction movies may portray, I can tell you responsibly that AI programs cannot love. They don't even have feelings or self-consciousness. AlphaGo may beat the world champion, but it has no fun playing the game, feels no happiness from winning, has no desire to hug a loved one after it wins.
And in the future, even if an AI diagnostic tool is 10 times more accurate than doctors, patients will not want a cold pronouncement from the tool: “you have 4th stage lymphoma and a 70% likelihood of dying within 5 years.” Patients will want a “doctor of love” who listens to our complaints, gives us encouragement, like “Kai-Fu had the same lymphoma, and he survived, so you can too”, and perhaps visits us at home, and is always available to talk to us. This kind of “doctor of love” will not only make us feel better, and have greater confidence, but a placebo effect will kick in and increase our likelihood of recuperation.
This will solve the AI employment problem we mentioned earlier. The number of “doctors of love” will outnumber today's doctors. The displaced workers can take up careers spreading love and experiences – whether a passionate tour guide, an attentive concierge, a funny bartender, an infectious sushi chef. With the new “experts of love” titles many new kind of service jobs will be created. And they don't have to be “jobs”, they can be volunteers, at an orphanage or a retirement home. This will give people jobs that AI cannot take away. They will do the job with pride and a strong sense of self-actualization. Most importantly, this will fill our planet with love and joy.
We've built many task-oriented AI that is much better than our brains. That was my dream 37 years ago. As a hard-core computer scientist, I'm proud that we've come so far. But now I realize that I went after the wrong organ. The most important part of the human body is not the brain, but the heart.
That's a lesson that took me, I confess, too long to learn. My hope for all of you, as your careers blossom and your lives take shape, is that you will approach your lives with all the brains you certainly have, but also, above all, with all the heart you can muster.
It will be up to you to carry this forward, but I have confidence: if you let your heart be your guide, you'll find your way through all of the massive changes that lie ahead, and make the next 10 years the best years of your lives.
Thank you, Class of 2017.
谈了这么多严肃的技术话题，我接下来要说的观点可能在这儿听起来有些不恰当，但却是我的肺腑之言。
4年前，我被诊断患上淋巴癌第四期，当时我面对的无情事实：我的生命可能就只剩下短短几个月。
在那段前路未卜的时间，我对生命的意义深思良多。我意识到我所有的成就，包括在等待30多年后终于来到的人工智能时代，对我来说其实毫无意义。我意识到我过去所追求的科技、产品、投资、事业，我重视各种事情的优先级完全本末倒置。我忽视了我的家庭，我父亲去世了，我母亲已几乎不认得我，我的孩子们也不知不觉都长大了。
在治疗期间，我读了布朗妮·维尔（Bronnie Ware）的一本书，书中记录了临终病人一生中最后悔的事情。作者提到，没有一个人会为当年不够认真工作、不够努力加班、或财产积攒不足而后悔。人们临终时最最盼望的，是希望能再有机会花更多时间与自己所爱的人在一起。
幸运的是，目前我的病情已缓解稳定，所以今天我才能来到哥大和你们在一起。如今，我会花更多的时间陪伴家人，我把家搬到了离我母亲更近的住处，无论出差还是单纯出游，我都会尽量和我妻子一起出行。孩子们回家时，我会从工作中抽出两三周、而不是仅是两三天的时间来陪伴他们。
我同时还花更多的时间来认识新朋友，我会用周末时间与好朋友出游，我带领公司员工去硅谷度了一周的假期——硅谷对他们来说犹如圣地一般，我约见社群平台上向我提问的年轻人，我联系多年前我曾经冒犯过的人，请求他们的谅解。我写了一本书并拍摄纪录片，分享我与死神擦肩而过所学到的一切。
这段直面死亡的经历不仅改变了我的人生和价值观，还让我更清晰认识到人工智能对于人类的真正意义。
埃隆·马斯克和史蒂芬·霍金已经给出了他们的观点，他们认为机器将全面取代人类，而人类能仅存的选择：要么控制AI，要么成为AI。这段直面死亡的经历，让我想对人工智能的未来提出另一版结局。
毫无疑问，人工智能凭借精准的决策和产出，在很多分析型工作上已经或必将超过人类。但人类并不是因为会做这些工作而成为人类，我们之所以为人类，是因为我们拥有爱的能力。
当我们看见初生的婴儿，当我们一见钟情陷入爱河，当朋友贴近倾听我们分享经历，当我们通过帮助别人而实现自我……人类的爱就在那里。所有这些都表明，我们目前还远远不够充分理解人类的“内心”，更不要说复制它了。我们知道，爱和被爱的能力是人类所独有的，我们渴望爱和被爱，这就是我们生命的意义所在。
带着这个信念，我们就会知道应该接下来该怎么做。首先我们应认可并感恩我们被爱的事实，我们可以回馈他人的爱，甚至加入更多的爱。最终达到爱的最高境界：不断将爱传递下去，不求回报地去爱。
回到人工智能的话题，爱让人类有别于人工智能。不要相信科幻电影里描绘的人工智能的爱（或感情），我可以负责任地告诉你们，人工智能不会有爱，它们甚至没有感情和自我意识。AlphaGo虽然能击败世界棋手冠军，但是它体验不到手谈的乐趣，胜利不会为它带来愉悦感，也不会让它激动到产生想要拥抱一位他爱的人的渴望。
在未来，即便人工智能诊疗的准确率是人类医生的10倍，但是我们还是不希望从机器冷冰冰的话语里听到“您患有第四期淋巴癌，有70%的机率会在五年内死亡”。我们更希望得到医生的关爱，他们会倾听我们的抱怨，为我们打气，他们会说，“李开复也得了同样的淋巴癌，但经过治疗后稳定下来，所以你也要保持希望。医生可能来到家里定期出诊，我们随时能与医生沟通交流。这些医生的关爱会让我们感到舒坦，给我们更大的信心，这种安慰剂效应的确可能有助于提升康复几率。
此前提到的失业问题不就这么缓解了么？这种“关爱型医生”的数量将超出现有医生的数量。被机器取代的人可以投身于需要关爱及经验分享的行业——例如，做一名热情洋溢的导游，充满关爱的礼宾人员，风趣幽默的调酒师，极具魅力的寿司大厨。随着各类“关爱专家”头衔的出现，很多新兴服务业的工作岗位也将被创造出来。这些工作不一定非要是传统意义上的“工作”，也可能是孤儿院或养老院提供服务的志愿者。这些工作不但能带给人们自我实现的自豪感和满足感，更重要的是，它们能让我们的地球充满爱与快乐。
人类已制造出许多以任务为导向的人工智能，在每个具体任务上它们的表现远超人脑，这正是我37年前的梦想。作为一个计算机科学家，我为我们所取得的科技进步成就而自豪。但我现在觉得，自己也许追逐错了方向——人类最重要的器官，不是大脑，而是内心。
我承认，我花了太长的时间才认识到这一点。我对你们的期望是，随着你们的事业开始腾飞，人生开始步入新的阶段，你们在实现人生目标的过程中不仅要利用你们聪慧的大脑，更要遵从你们的内心。
未来的重任落在你们的肩头。我相信，无论未来如何改变，只要遵从内心的指引，下一个10年必将成为你们人生中最辉煌灿烂的10年！
感谢你们，2017届毕业生。
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