1.8ZB 的数据到底有多大？
你知道本文介绍的所有这些字节单位代表着什么吗？一字节是多少，一KB是多少，一ZB又是多少，对于想要回答上述基本问题的任何存储专业人士来说，本文也许非常有用。
一比特（bit）是1个二进制数字，0或1。
一字节（byte）是8个比特。
一千字节（kilobyte）是1024个字节。
一兆字节（megabyte）是1024千字节，也就是1048576个字节。
一吉字节（gigabyte）是1024兆字节，也就是约1.0710个字节。
一太字节（terabyte）是1024吉字节，也就是约1.10 x 1012个字节。
一拍字节（petabyte）是1024太字节，也就是约1.13 x 1015个字节。
一艾字节（exabyte）是1024拍字节，也就是约1.15 x 1018个字节。
一泽字节（zettabyte）是1024艾字节，也就是约1.18 x 1021个字节。
一尧字节（yottabyte）是1024泽字节，也就是约1.21 x 1024个字节。
一波字节（brontobyte）是1024尧字节，也就是约1.24 x 1027个字节。
一乔字节（geopbyte）是1024波字节，也就是约1.24 x 1030个字节。
1兆字节
= 1/1152921504606846976尧字节
= 1/1125899906842624泽字节
= 1/1099511627776艾字节
= 1/1073741824拍字节
= 1/1048576太字节
= 1/1024吉字节
= 1兆字节
= 8兆比特
= 1024千字节
= 8192千比特
= 1048576字节
= 2097152半字节（半字节是半个字节或4个比特）
= 8388608比特
1吉字节
= 1/1125899906842624尧字节
= 1/1099511627776泽字节
= 1/1073741824艾字节
= 1/1048576拍字节
= 1/1024太字节
= 1吉字节
= 1024兆字节
= 8192兆比特
= 1048576千字节
= 8388608千比特
= 1073741824字节
= 2147483648半字节
= 8589934592比特
1太字节
= 1/1099511627776尧字节
= 1/1073741824泽字节
= 1/1048576艾字节
= 1/1024拍字节
= 1太字节
= 1024吉字节
= 1048576兆字节
= 8388608兆比特
= 1073741824千字节
= 8589934592千比特
= 1099511627776字节
= 2199023255552半字节
= 8796093022208比特
1拍字节
= 1/1073741824尧字节
= 1/1048576泽字节
= 1/1024艾字节
= 1拍字节
= 1024太字节
= 1048576吉字节
= 1073741824兆字节
= 8589934592兆比特
= 1099511627776千字节
= 8796093022208千比特
= 1125899906842624字节
= 2251799813685248半字节
= 9007199254740992比特
1艾字节
= 1/1048576尧字节
= 1/1024泽字节
= 1艾字节
= 1024拍字节
= 1048576太字节
= 1073741824吉字节
= 1099511627776兆字节
= 8796093022208兆比特
= 1125899906842624千字节
= 9007199254740992千比特
= 1152921504606846976字节
= 2305843009213693952半字节
= 9223372036854775808比特
1泽字节
= 1/1024尧字节
= 1泽字节
= 1024艾字节
= 1048576拍字节
= 1073741824太字节
= 1099511627776吉字节
= 1125899906842624兆字节
= 9007199254740992兆比特
= 1152921504606846976千字节
= 9223372036854775808千比特
= 1180591620717411303424比特
= 2361183241434822606848半字节
= 9444732965739290427392比特
1尧字节
= 1尧字节
= 1024泽字节
= 1048576艾字节
= 1073741824拍字节
= 1099511627776太字节
= 1125899906842624吉字节
= 1152921504606846976兆字节
= 9223372036854775808兆比特
= 1180591620717411303424千字节
= 9444732965739290427392千比特
= 1208925819614629174706176比特
= 2417851639229258349412352半字节
= 9671406556917033397649408比特
下面显示的信息使用了只与数据有关的度量单位。比如说，2千XX是1000；只是当它是1千字节时，实为1024，这是2的偶数次冪。
所有例子都是近似值，并四舍五入。比如说，一张计算机卡片有80列。如果其中50列含有卡片上数据，那么两张卡就是100个字节。另外，一张3.5英寸磁盘含有1.4兆字节的信息量。最后，一张光盘可以存储500兆字节以上的数据。
字节（8比特）
0.1比特：一个是/否判定（实际上是0.125字节，但四舍五入）
1字节：一个字符
10字节：一个字（一个语言字，不是一个计算机字）
100字节：电报；两张穿孔计算机卡
千字节（1024字节；210；约1000字节，或103）
1千字节：一则笑话；（很短）的故事
2千字节：打字机打出来的一页
10千字节：维基百科上的一页
50千字节：一个文档页的图像，压缩版
100千字节：一张照片，低分辨率
200千字节：两盒（4000）穿孔计算机卡
500千字节：五盒一箱（10000张）穿孔计算机卡
兆字节（1048576字节；220；约1000000字节，即106）
1兆字节：一部短篇小说；一张3.5英寸磁盘
2兆字节：一张照片，高分辨率
5兆字节：莎士比亚全集；30秒长的广播质量级视频
10兆字节：一分钟高保真声音；一张数字化胸部X光片；一盒3.5英寸磁盘
20兆字节：两盒3.5英寸磁盘
50兆字节：一张数字化乳房X光片
100兆字节：书架上一码书；两卷百科全书
200兆字节：一盘9音轨磁带；一盘IBM 3480盒式磁带
500兆字节：一张光盘
吉字节（1073741824字节；230；约1000000000字节，即109）
1吉字节：一皮卡报纸；一首高保真音质交响乐；一部广播质量级影片
2吉字节：书架上20码书
20吉字节：贝多芬全套唱片
50吉字节：图书馆一层楼上所有书架上的书
100吉字节：图书馆一层楼上所有书架上的学术期刊
太字节（1099511627776字节，即240；约1000000000000字节，即1012）
1太字节：自动化磁带装置的信息量；一家大型技术型医院的所有X光胶片；50000棵树做成的印刷纸；地球轨道系统（EOS）运行一天的数据量（1998年）
2太字节：一家学术研究图书馆的信息量
10太字节：美国国会图书馆的所有印刷内容
50太字节：一个大型海量存储系统的信息量
拍字节（1125899906842624字节，即250；约1000000000000000字节，即1015）
1拍字节：3年的EOS数据（2001年）
2拍字节：美国所有学术研究图书馆的信息量
200拍字节：所有印刷材料的信息量
艾字节（1152921504606846976字节，即260；约1000000000000000000字节，即1018）
5艾字节：人类曾经说过的所有单词
泽字节（1180591620717411303424字节，即270；约1000000000000000000000字节，即1021）
尧字节（1208925819614629174706176字节，即280；约1000000000000000000000000字节，即1024）
IDC估算，世界上的信息量每两年就翻一番多；2011年生成和复制的数据量为1.8泽字节。
就绝对量而言，1.8泽字节数据就相当于：
美国每个人每分钟发3条推特消息，不间断发26976年。
全球每个人每天做2.15多亿次高分辨率核磁共振（MRI）扫描。
2000多亿部高清影片（每部时长2小时）――需要一个人花4700万年每天24小时不间断地看每部影片。
装满575亿部32GB苹果iPad所需的信息量。有了这么多的iPad，我们可以：造一堵iPad搭成的墙，长4005英里，高61英尺，从阿拉斯加州安克雷奇一直到佛罗里达州迈阿密；造一道iPad搭成的中国长城，平度高度是长城的两倍；造一堵环绕南美的20英尺高的墙；覆盖86%以上的墨西哥城；造一座比富士山高2.5倍的山。
新闻来源：Storage Newsletter｜云头条编译（未经授权谢绝转载）
What Do Represent All These Bytes?
No top news today. To replace it, we published this document because it could be useful to any storage professionals that want to answer basic questions: what's one byte, one KB, ... one ZB, and what it practically represents according to information from the , an 'eclecticist, author and professional speaker.'
A bit is a single binary digit, zero or one.
A byte is eight bits.
A kilobyte is 1024 bytes.
A megabyte is 1024 kilobytes which is 1048576 bytes.
A gigabyte is 1024 megabytes which is about 1.07^10 bytes.
A terabyte is 1024 gigabytes which is about 1.10*10^12 bytes.
A petabyte is 1024 terabytes which is about 1.13*10^15 bytes.
An exabyte is 1024 petabytes which is about 1.15*10^18 bytes.
A zettabyte is 1024 exabytes which is about 1.18*10^21 bytes.
A yottabyte is 1024 zettabytes which is about 1.21*10^24 bytes.
A brontobyte is 1024 yottabytes which is about 1.24*10^27 bytes.
A geopbyte is 1024 brontobytes which is about 1.24*10^30 bytes.
megabyte
= 1/1152921504606846976 yottabyte
= 1/1125899906842624 zettabyte
= 1/1099511627776 exabyte
= 1/1073741824 petabyte
= 1/1048576 terabyte
= 1/1024 gigabyte
= 1 megabyte
= 8 megabits
= 1024 kilobytes
= 8192 kilobits
= 1048576 bytes
= 2097152 nibbles (nibble is half a byte or 4 bits)
= 8388608 bits
gigabyte
= 1/1125899906842624 yottabyte
= 1/1099511627776 zettabyte
= 1/1073741824 exabyte
= 1/1048576 petabyte
= 1/1024 terabyte
= 1 gigabyte
= 1024 megabytes
= 8192 megabits
= 1048576 kilobytes
= 8388608 kilobits
= 1073741824 bytes
= 2147483648 nibbles
= 8589934592 bits
terabyte
= 1/1099511627776 yottabyte
= 1/1073741824 zettabyte
= 1/1048576 exabyte
= 1/1024 petabyte
= 1 terabyte
= 1024 gigabytes
= 1048576 megabytes
= 8388608 megabits
= 1073741824 kilobytes
= 8589934592 kilobits
= 1099511627776 bytes
= 2199023255552 nibbles
= 8796093022208 bits
petabyte
= 1/1073741824 yottabyte
= 1/1048576 zettabyte
= 1/1024 exabyte
= 1 petabyte
= 1024 terabytes
= 1048576 gigabytes
= 1073741824 megabytes
= 8589934592 megabits
= 1099511627776 kilobytes
= 8796093022208 kilobits
= 1125899906842624 bytes
= 2251799813685248 nibbles
= 9007199254740992 bits
exabyte
= 1/1048576 yottabyte
= 1/1024 zettabyte
= 1 exabyte
= 1024 petabytes
= 1048576 terabytes
= 1073741824 gigabytes
= 1099511627776 megabytes
= 8796093022208 megabits
= 1125899906842624 kilobytes
= 9007199254740992 kilobits
= 1152921504606846976 bytes
= 2305843009213693952 nibbles
= 9223372036854775808 bits
zettabyte
= 1/1024 yottabyte
= 1 zettabyte
= 1024 exabytes
= 1048576 petabytes
= 1073741824 terabytes
= 1099511627776 gigabytes
= 1125899906842624 megabytes
= 9007199254740992 megabits
= 1152921504606846976 kilobytes
= 9223372036854775808 kilobits
= 1180591620717411303424 bytes
= 2361183241434822606848 nibbles
= 9444732965739290427392 bits
yottabyte
= 1 yottabyte
= 1024 zettabytes
= 1048576 exabytes
= 1073741824 petabytes
= 1099511627776 terabytes
= 1125899906842624 gigabytes
= 1152921504606846976 megabytes
= 9223372036854775808 megabits
= 1180591620717411303424 kilobytes
= 9444732965739290427392 kilobits
= 1208925819614629174706176 bytes
= 2417851639229258349412352 nibbles
= 9671406556917033397649408 bits
The information shown below uses measures only associated with data. For example, a kilo-anything is 1000 ... except that when it is a kilobyte, it is 1024, an even power of two.
The following table shows various quantities of bytes, in each power of ten. Usually, they are shown with multiples of 2 and 5 also. For example, 1 kilobyte, 2 kilobytes, 5 kilobytes.
All the examples are approximate and are rounded. For example, a computer card has 80 columns. If 50 columns contain data on a card, then two cards will be 100 bytes. Also, a 3.5-inch diskette can contain 1.4 megabytes. Showing it as 1 megabyte reflects both (a) the diskette not typically being filled and (b) rounding. Finally, a CD-ROM can hold more than 500 megabytes. However, it is listed at that level as 'typical' and as the closest match.
Bytes (8 bits)
0.1 byte: A single yes/no decision (actually 0.125 bytes, but I rounded)
1 byte: One character
10 bytes: One word (a word of language, not a computer word)
100 bytes: Telegram; two punched computer (Hollerith) cards
Kilobyte (1,024 bytes; 2^10; approx. 1,000 or 10^3)
1 kilobyte: Joke; (very) short story
2 kilobytes: Typewritten page
10 kilobytes: Page out of an encyclopedia
50 kilobytes: Image of a document page, compressed
100 kilobytes: Photograph, low-resolution
200 kilobytes: Two boxes (4000) punched computer (Hollerith) cards
500 kilobytes: Five boxes, one case (10,000 of punched computer (Hollerith) cards
Megabyte (1,048,576 bytes; 2^20;
approx 1,000,000 or 10^6)
1 megabyte: Small novel; 3-1/2 inch diskette
2 megabytes: Photograph, high resolution
5 megabytes: Complete works of Shakespeare; 30 seconds of broadcast-quality video
10 megabytes: Minute of high-fidelity sound; digital chest X-ray; box of 3-1/2 inch diskettes
20 megabytes: Two boxes of 3-1/2 inch diskettes
50 megabytes: Digital mammogram
100 megabytes: Yard of books on a shelf; two encyclopedia volumes
200 megabytes: Reel of 9-track tape; IBM 3480 cartridge tape
500 megabytes: CD-ROM
Gigabyte (1,073,741,824 bytes; 2^30;
approx 1,000,000,000 or 10^9
1 gigabyte: Paper in the bed of a pickup; symphony in high-fidelity sound; broadcast quality movie
2 gigabytes: 20 yards of books on a shelf
20 gigabytes: Audio collection of the works of Beethoven
50 gigabytes: Library floor of books on shelves
100 gigabytes: Library floor of academic journals on shelves
Terabyte (1,099,511,627,776 or 2^40;
approx. 1,000,000,000,000 or 10^12)
1 terabyte: Automated tape robot; all the X-ray films in a large technological hospital; 50,000 trees made into paper and printed; daily rate of EOS (Earth Orbiting System) data (1998)
2 terabytes: Academic research library
10 terabytes: Printed collection of the U. S. Library of Congress
50 terabytes: Contents of a large mass storage system
Petabyte (1,125,899,906,842,624 bytes or 2^50;
approx. 1,000,000,000,000,000 or 10^15
1 petabyte: 3 years of EOS data (2001)
2 petabytes: All U. S. academic research libraries
200 petabytes: All printed material
Exabyte (1,152,921,504,606,846,976 bytes or 2^60;
approx. 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 or 10^18)
5 exabytes: All words ever spoken by human beings
Zettabyte (1,180,591,620,717,411,303,424 bytes or 2^70;
approx. 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 or 10^21
Yottabyte (1,208,925,819,614,629,174,706,176 bytes or 2^80;
approx. 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 or 10^24)
IDC calculates that the world's information is more than doubling every two years-with 1.8 zettabytes to be created and replicated in 2011.
In terms of sheer volume,
1.8 zettabytes of data is equivalent to:
Every person in the United States tweeting 3 tweets per minute for 26,976 years nonstop
Every person in the world having over 215 million high-resolution MRI scans per day
Over 200 billion HD movies (each 2 hours in length)-would take 1 person 47 million years to watch every movie 24x7
The amount of information needed to fill 57.5 billion 32GB Apple iPads. With that many iPads we could: create a wall of iPads, 4,005-miles long and 61-feet high extending from Anchorage, Alaska to Miami, Florida; build the Great iPad Wall of China-at twice the average height of the original; build a 20-foot high wall around South America; cover 86% of Mexico City; build a mountain 25-times higher than Mt. Fuji.