《尼雷尔文选》中文版首发
华东师范大学微信 ID: ecnuers
《尼雷尔文选》中文版首发式暨尼雷尔思想研讨会22日在华东师范大学举行。朱利叶斯·尼雷尔是坦桑尼亚著名的政治家。他是坦桑尼亚建国后的第一任总统、“国父”，同时也是当代非洲著名的政治领导人、泛非主义的坚定信仰者和非洲统一组织主要领导人之一，有“非洲贤人”之称，在国际上享有很高的声誉。
坦桑尼亚驻华大使H.E.Abdulrahaman Amiri SHIMBO、公使衔参赞MatildaSwilla MASUKA、财务随员Lusekelo Solomon GWASSA、坦桑尼亚—中国友好协会秘书长Joseph KAHAMA等外方嘉宾出席活动。
我校党委书记童世骏出席仪式并会见了大使一行，党委副书记兼副校长任友群出席仪式并致辞，我校非洲研究所所长沐涛、出版社社长王焰携《尼雷尔文选》主要译校团队出席，多名国内非洲问题研究领域的专家学者也参与了本次活动。
校党委副书记兼副校长任友群首先代表学校欢迎大使一行到访华东师大,共同见证《尼雷尔文选》中文版的问世。他表示华东师大对非洲的研究历史悠久、人才辈出，与非洲高校间合作交流密切，对非工作也不断呈现新局面。1995年由华东师大出版社出版、华东师大艾周昌教授领衔主编的三卷本《非洲通史》，代表了中国非洲史研究的最高水准，曾获国家、教育部和上海市多项奖项。
作为教育部对非援助“20+20”项目的中方高校之一，华东师大与坦桑尼亚达累斯萨拉姆大学签署“一对一”合作协议，并于2010年正式建立校际关系，共同建立坦桑尼亚联合研究中心，期间多次进行校际互访，在非洲历史、河口海岸等研究领域开展师生交流与深入合作科研。华东师大与坦桑尼亚纳尔逊·曼德拉非洲理工大学（阿鲁沙）也在水环境科学、遥感、水沙输运、生物多样性等多个领域开展教师交流、联合培养博士生以及中国—坦桑尼亚对比合作研究。此外，华东师大与埃塞俄比亚的斯亚贝巴大学、乌干达麦克雷雷大学等非洲高校也有深入合作。任友群同时表示，《尼雷尔文选》的问世不仅将进一步加深国人对中国人民的老朋友——尼雷尔的了解，更有利于进一步推动华东师大与坦桑尼亚的合作与交流。未来华东师大将继续依托国际比较教育研究力量，开展非洲及坦桑尼亚的教育问题研究，搭建合作交流的平台。
坦桑尼亚驻华大使H.E.Abdulrahaman Amiri SHIMBO致辞
坦桑尼亚驻华大使H.E.AbdulrahamanAmiri SHIMBO在致辞中深情回顾了两国领导人自1960年代以来的深厚友谊以及两国紧密的合作关系。大使感谢中国政府和人民在发展坦桑尼亚经济和提升坦桑尼亚人民生活水平等方面所做出的巨大贡献，表示中国是坦桑尼亚困难时期的朋友，也是真正意义上的朋友。同时，大使感谢华东师范大学精心准备此次《尼雷尔文选》首发仪式，感谢多方通力合作促成此次首发仪式暨研讨会的顺利举行。
出版社社长王焰介绍《尼雷尔文选》出版情况
我校非洲研究所所长沐涛、出版社社长王焰先后向与会者介绍《尼雷尔文选》的翻译及出版情况。
在随后的尼雷尔思想研讨会上，上海师范大学非洲研究中心主任张忠祥，浙江师范大学非洲研究院张瑾博士，上海中医药大学王磊博士，中国福利会出版社王华，坦桑尼亚—中国友好协会秘书长Joseph KAHAMA博士，我校非洲研究所所长沐涛教授、陈金龙博士等多位专家学者就尼雷尔与非洲区域一体化，尼雷尔与坦桑尼亚现代国家治理，尼雷尔的农业发展观、教育思想，尼雷尔与现代中坦关系的开创等相关主题展开学术研讨。
上海师范大学非洲研究中心主任张忠祥、浙江师范大学非洲研究院张瑾博士参与学术研讨
上海中医药大学王磊博士参与学术研讨
华东师大非洲研究所陈金龙博士参与学术研讨
发布会现场
英文原版《尼雷尔文选》由坦桑尼亚“尼雷尔基金会”选编，英国牛津大学出版社从20世纪60年代到2011年陆续出版，共四卷，具有很高的学术权威性，可以窥见尼雷尔思想的全貌。译成中文后，国人可以更好地了解尼雷尔的思想，以及20世纪后半叶非洲大陆民族解放和经济自强之艰辛，同时也为学者研究这段历史提供了重要的第一手资料。
坦桑尼亚是非洲，尤其是东非共同体的一个重要国家，与中国关系源远流长， 以“坦赞铁路”为代表的修建项目更使中坦两国结下了深厚的友谊。相信这套文选的翻译出版，将有助于进一步推进中坦友好关系，进一步推动中国学者对坦桑尼亚的研究。
华东师大非洲研究所所长沐涛教授英文致辞全文
The Beginning of Modern China-Tanzania Ties by Julius K. Nyerere and Zhou Enlai
As is known to all, it is the 50th anniversary this year since Mwalimu Julius Kambarage Nyerere first visited China and Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai visited Tanzania in 1965. These events have great significance to the relations between China and Tanzania, which I regard as the Opening of Modern China-Tanzania Ties.
Why? Let’s review the China-Tanzania relation before the 1960s.
China and Tanzania have enjoyed a long and friendly relationship during the past one thousand years. There were traces of Chinese activities in Africa as early as in the Tang Dynasty. Chinese porcelain was found along the coasts of Tanganyika and Chinese coins of the 9th Century were discovered in Zanzibar Island. Now these objects could be seen in the National Museum of Tanzania. In the 14th Century, some Chinese ships came to Tanzania directly.
During the German colonialist’s occupying Tanganyika, about one thousand Chinese labours were brought to Tanganyika to build a railway, and even the name of a village there along the railway was changed, re-named as Shanghai. Maybe some of the Chinese labours were from Shanghai County.
But there were few connections between China and Tanganyika and Zanzibar during the British Protectorate period until 1961.
Mwalimu Nyerere announced Tanganyika’s independence in 1961. A few days later, Mwalimu Nyerere declared to recognize the People’s Republic of China, and Tanganyika became the tenth country to do so in the African continent.
In 1963, President Nyerere told media that he would visit China, and the Chinese Premier then Zhou Enlai would visit Tanganyika the next year. But two events posed bar to the two planned visits. One was Zanzibar’s revolution in the early 1964. The other was a military coup d'etat against Nyerere.
After these two events were resolved, and Tanganyika and Zanzibar were united into one country, Chinese and Tanzanian leaders decided to visit each other’s country.
In February 1965, President Nyerere left for his first visit to China. He was warmly welcomed by Chinese people. On Feb. 26th, he addressed many thousands of people at Tian An-men Square in Beijing. He said that some Western politicians had told him that China was dangerous, and she was so clever that a few of her technicians could undermine the whole Tanzania. In response to that, Mwalimu gave his answer like this, “I say again now—nonsense. We offer the hand of friendship to China as that to America, Russia, Britain, and other countries… The fear of others will not affect Tanzania’s friendship with China.”
Four months later, Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai visited Tanzania in June of 1965, 50 years from now.
These were the first Tanzanian President’s visit to China, and the first Chinese leader’s visit to Tanzania. After that, there are more and more leaders of the two countries visiting each other.
Secondly, let’s look at the important changes in the relations between China and Tanzania after the mutual visits between the two countries.
One was the two countries’ mutual supports in political concern. Tanzania, like some other African countries, took the socialism path shortly after obtaining its independence in the 1960s. China supported Tanzania in its struggle of liberation in southern Africa, including providing military support and helping train Tanzanian army; In return, the Tanzanian government supported China’s political requests in the international community.
Back then, China was trying hard to re-enter the UN. President Nyerere supported it firmly. As early as in 1961, he said in his speech “The Courage of Reconciliation,” that the United States was the only meeting place for the United Nations, but some states were not UN members, for example Switzerland, East Germany (German Democratic Republic) and China. In February 1965, he also said that this was fundamentally important, and the great People’s Republic of China must be able to join this world organization. Since then, Tanzania and other friendly countries made a motion at the General Assembly of the United Nations each year.
In 1971, China was finally re-admitted to the UN. Among the African countries that supported this motion, Tanzania played an active role.
Another important change was the rapid development in economic cooperation between China and Tanzania.
One notable highpoint was the 1860-kilometer-long Tanzam Railway, which was built with the help of China. During the first visit to China, President Nyerere talked with Premier Zhou Enlai about building the railway. At that time, the newly-independent Zambia had a hard time exporting bronze. China decided to help build the Tanzam Railway in the 1970s, so that Zambia could export bronze through Tanzania. But that cost a hefty price. At the time, China was suffering from economic hardship. And during the arduous building of the railway, over 64 Chinese technicians and workers sacrificed their lives for it.
Besides, there was cooperation in agriculture and the industrial areas.
The third important change was that in trade. In 1961, Tanganyika had almost no trade with China, but in 1966 there was a total bilateral trade volume of more than TZS50 million, of which Tanzanian cotton, coffee, and some other agricultural products were exported to, and some manufactured goods were imported from, China.
Today, the two countries still maintain close ties. Tanzania, one of the five member states in East African Community, continues to attract the most Chinese investment, with 3 billion US dollars flowing into its mining sector in 2011. And their cooperation is of a wide range.
Chinese President XI Jinping chose Tanzania as the second destination in his first official visit to foreign countries in 2013, which signified the importance of China’s bilateral relationship with Tanzania.
After that visit, China gave more investment to Tanzania. The Chinese government, for example, recently signed an agreement with Tanzania to whom a $1.06-billion loan is provided to construct a natural gas pipeline connecting the southern part of the country to its commercial capital, Dar es Salaam. Chinese companies are involved in the extensive port developments at Lamu, Tanga, and Bagamoyue.
Lastly, I want to talk about the future China-Tanzania relations.
They are beneficial for both countries—Tanzania could get prospects for development through knowledge transfer, Economic Protection Zones and large-scale Chinese investments, while China gains access to new markets, natural resources, and increased political currency thanks to the relations. That could be interpreted as the win-win outcome.
Still, we should not avoid some existing problems in the relations.
But, I think the key point is that we don’t know each other deeply. Many Chinese know Tanzania merely with regard to Tanzam Railway. Some Tanzanian see China as a bigger and richer country, but they have little knowledge that many Chinese people are still in poverty.
Then how to solve these problems? I have some solutions and suggestions.
Firstly, we should increase the non-governmental cooperation between our two countries. Cooperation does exist at a government-to-government and business-to-business level, whilst there are also many micro-interactions such as Chinese people’s running small business, hospitals, restaurants, and other enterprises in Tanzania. The Tanzam Railway completed in 1976 employed over 50,000 Chinese, many of whom stayed on and many more have flocked to the continent over the past decade or so to seek economic opportunities. Since the end of colonialism, Chinese doctors, engineers and teachers have also played a strong role in supporting Tanzania. Chinese tourists to Tanzania are also on the rise. In addition, marriages between Chinese and African people are common and often happy as well.
Secondly, from the academic perspective, China has several well-established and respected African Studies departments in its large universities and the Chinese Central Government has offered a number of scholarships to African students, including those studying at our university, ECNU. Through these exchanges between scholars and students, we could know each other more deeply.
Thirdly, we could promote more of the good impressions in history between two countries, for example, the friendly relations between the first generation leaders of two countries, just like Mwalimu Julius Nyerere and Premier Zhou Enlai. That is my objective for giving this speech here, and for translating Mwalimu Nyerere’s four-volume works into Chinese.
Thanks!
文｜国际交流处
图｜梁音子 戴琪
编辑｜新闻办
华东师范大学官网/微信/微博
欢迎图、文、线索投稿
ecnuwechat@qq.com