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Marriage and Family Part of Civil Code (Draft) Presented to the NPC Standing Committee for Third Deliberation
10月21日，在十三届全国人大常委会第十四次会议第一次全体会议上，民法典婚姻家庭编草案第三次提请审议。
On October 21, the Marriage and Family Part of the Civil Code (Draft) was submitted to the 14th Session of the Standing Committee of the Thirteenth National People's Congress for deliberation for the third time.
草案三审稿增加规定，家庭应当树立优良家风，弘扬家庭美德，重视家庭文明建设,并在相关条款中增加夫妻之间应当互相关爱的规定。
The Third Draft adds provisions that the families should establish good family traditions, carry forward family virtues, and attach importance to advancing the family culture, and couples should care for each other.
针对此前草案二审稿规定的隔代探望权，鉴于目前各方面对此尚未形成共识，草案三审稿建议删除这一规定。
In view of the current lack of consensus among all parties, the Third Draft proposes deletion of the visitation rights of grandparents stipulated in the Second Draft.
草案二审稿规定了婚姻无效或者被撤销的法律后果，草案三审稿进一步完善该条款，增加一款规定“婚姻无效或者被撤销的，无过错方有权请求损害赔偿”，以更好保护无过错方的权益。
The Third Draft further improves the provisions on legal consequences of marriage invalidation or revocation of the Second Draft by adding a clause that where a marriage is invalidated or revoked, the innocent party should have the right to claim damages, to better protect the rights and interests of the innocent party.
草案三审稿对被收养人遭遇侵害问题作出积极回应，明确规定了最有利于被收养人的原则。
The Third Draft clarifies the principle of most benefiting the adoptees in response to problems of infringements on adoptees.
现行法定婚龄（男不得早于二十二周岁、女不得早于二十周岁）暂不作修改。
The current legal age for marriage that the man should not be younger than 22 years old and the woman should not be younger than 20 will not be modified temporarily.
Law of the Protection of Minors (Revised Draft) Submitted for Deliberation
2019年10月21日，《中华人民共和国未成年人保护法（修订草案）》提请十三届全国人大常委会第十四次会议审议，修订草案条文从现行法律的72条增加到130条。
On October 21, 2019, the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Minors (Revised Draft) was submitted to the 14th Session of the Standing Committee of the Thirteenth National People's Congress for deliberation, which has a total of 130 articles, as opposed to the 72 articles of the current law.
修订草案充实了家庭保护，细化家庭监护职责，新增监护人的报告义务，针对农村留守儿童等群体的监护缺失问题，完善了委托照护制度；完善学校保护，从教书育人和安全保障两个角度规定学校、幼儿园的保护义务，明确校园安全的保障机制以及突发事件的处置措施，增加了学生欺凌及校园性侵的防控与处置机制；充实社会保护，增加城乡基层群众性自治组织的保护职责，为避免未成年人遭受性侵害、虐待、暴力伤害等侵害，创设了密切接触未成年人行业的从业查询及禁止制度；强化了政府保护，特别是完善了司法保护，主要涉及共性要求、民事案件、刑事案件、违法犯罪等方面。
The Revised Draft enriches the family protection by refining the family duty of guardianship, adding the guardian’s reporting obligation, and improving the entrusted care rules for the absence of guardianship of the rural left-behind children and other groups; improves the school protection by stipulating the protection obligations of schools and kindergartens in terms of education and safety guarantee, clarifying the security mechanism of campus safety and the emergency response measures, and adding the prevention and control and disposal mechanisms for campus bullying and sexual assault; enhances the social protection by adding protection duties of basic self-governing mass organizations in urban and rural areas, and setting up the practicing inquiry and prohibition system for the industries in close contact with minors so as to avoid the sexual assault, maltreatment, and violence injury inflicted upon minors; and strengthens the government protection, especially judicial protection involving common requirements, civil cases, criminal cases, and illegal and criminal acts.
修订草案规定，未成年人合法权益受到侵害后，有权代为提起诉讼或者行使相关诉讼权利的组织或者个人放弃权利或者在合理时限内怠于行使权利的，人民检察院可以代为行使诉讼权利，涉及公共利益的，人民检察院可以提起公益诉讼。
According to the Revised Draft, where, after the lawful rights and interests of minors are infringed, an organization or individual that is entitled to file a lawsuit or exercise the relevant litigation rights on behalf of the minor waives the rights or is slack in exercising the rights within a reasonable period of time, the people’s procuratorate may exercise the litigation rights on behalf of the minor; and if the public interest is involved, the people’s procuratorate may file a public interest lawsuit.
此外，修订草案增设“网络保护”专章，对网络保护的理念、网络环境管理、网络企业责任、网络信息管理、个人网络信息保护、网络沉迷防治、网络欺凌及侵害的预防和应对等作出全面规范，力图实现对未成年人的线上线下全方位保护。
In addition, a separate chapter is devoted to cyberspace protection, covering issues such as the concepts of cyberspace protection, cyberspace management, network enterprise responsibility, network information administration, protection of personal network information, anti-addiction, prevention of and response to cyberbullying and intrusion, so as to give well-rounded protection to minors both online and offline.
3. 全国人大常委会拟明确国家监委制定监察法规职权
Chinese Lawmakers Mull the Development of Supervision Regulations by NSC
10月21日,十三届全国人大常委会第十四次会议审议了关于国家监察委员会制定监察法规的决定草案。
On October 21, 2019, the 14th Session of the Standing Committee of the Thirteenth National People's Congress deliberated the Decisions on the Development of Supervision Regulations by the National Supervisory Commission (Draft).
决定草案明确国家监察委员会制定监察法规的范围，规定“国家监察委员会根据宪法和法律，制定监察法规”；“监察法规可以就下列事项作出规定：（一）为执行法律的规定需要制定监察法规的事项；（二）为履行领导地方各级监察委员会工作的职责需要制定监察法规的事项。”同时规定“监察法规不得与宪法、法律相抵触。”
The Draft specifies the scope of development of supervision regulations by the National Supervisory Commission (NSC), providing that “The National Supervisory Commission shall develop supervision regulations in accordance with the Constitution and laws;” “The following matters may be governed by supervision regulations: (1) matters requiring the development of supervision regulations to implement the provisions of laws; and (2) matters requiring the development of supervision regulations to perform the duties of directing the work of the local supervisory commissions at various local levels.” and “no supervision regulations may contravene the Constitution and laws.”
决定草案明确监察法规的制定程序，规定“监察法规应当经国家监察委员会全体会议决定，由国家监察委员会发布公告予以公布。”
The Draft also states the procedures for development of supervision regulations, that is, “Supervision regulations shall, upon decision at the plenary session of the National Supervisory Commission, be issued by the National Supervisory Commission in an announcement.”
同时，决定草案还明确全国人大常委会对监察法规的监督，规定“监察法规应当在公布后的三十日内报全国人民代表大会常务委员会备案”；“全国人民代表大会常务委员会有权撤销同宪法和法律相抵触的监察法规。”
Meanwhile, the Draft clarifies the supervision of the NPC Standing Committee over supervision regulations, stipulating that “Supervision regulations shall be reported to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for recordation within 30 days of issuance;” and “The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress shall have the power to revoke the supervision regulations which contravene the Constitution and laws.”
Several Laws Submitted to the NPC Standing Committee for Deliberation
第十三届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十四次会议于2019年10月21日起在京举行，本次常委会对多部法律进行审议。
The 14th Session of the Standing Committee of the Thirteenth National People's Congress was held in Beijing on October 21, 2019, and several laws are deliberated at this Session.
《中华人民共和国社区矫正法（草案）》提请二审，二审稿增加了推进高素质的社区矫正工作队伍建设规定，明确对未成年人的社区矫正应当与成年人分别进行。
The Community Correction Law of the People’s Republic of China (Draft) was submitted for the second deliberation, which adds provisions on promoting the building of high-quality community correction work teams, and clarifies that the community correction of minors should be carried out separately from adults.
《中华人民共和国预防未成年人犯罪法（修订草案）》将未成年人的偏常行为分为不良行为、严重不良行为、犯罪行为三等级，规定公安机关可采取八项过渡性教育矫治措施。
The Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency (Revised Draft) classifies the deviant behaviors of minors into three levels: misbehaviors, serious misbehaviors, and criminal behaviors, and stipulates that the public security organs may take eight transitional educational and corrective measures.
《中华人民共和国生物安全法（草案）》首次被提请审议，针对我国法律对前一时期发生的生物技术谬用等行为和事件，缺乏相应处罚规定的问题，草案明确了相应的责任及处罚，填补了法律空白。
The Biosafety Law of the People's Republic of China (Draft) was submitted for initial deliberation. In view of the lack of corresponding penalty provisions for the misapplication of biotechnology and other acts and events in the previous period, the Draft defines the corresponding responsibilities and penalties to fill the legal gap.
《中华人民共和国森林法（修订草案）》提请二审，二审稿完善了有关森林生态效益补偿的规定,进一步明确履行国有森林资源所有者职责的部门,明确国有林业单位的森林保护义务，强化对森林资源的保护。
The Forest Law of the People's Republic of China (Revised Draft) was submitted for the second deliberation, which improves the rules on compensation for forest ecological benefits, further clarifies the departments that fulfill the duties of state-owned forest resources owners, stipulates the forest protection obligations of state-owned forestry entities, and strengthens the protection of forest resources.
《中华人民共和国密码法（草案）》、《中华人民共和国档案法（修订草案）》、《关于授权国务院在自由贸易试验区暂时调整实施有关法律规定的决定（草案）》、《关于授权澳门特别行政区对横琴口岸澳方口岸区及相关延伸区实施管辖的决定（草案）》也在本次会议上提请审议。
In addition, the Cryptography Law of the People's Republic of China (Draft), the Archives Law of the People's Republic of China (Revised Draft), the Decision to Authorize the State Council to Temporarily Adjust the Implementation of the Provisions of Relevant Laws in the Pilot Free Trade Zones (Draft), and the Decision to Authorize the Macao Special Administrative Region to Exercise Jurisdiction over Its Port Area and Related Extension Areas in Hengqin Port (Draft) were also submitted for deliberation at this Session.
5. 五部门印发有关扫黑除恶专项斗争四个文件
Five Departments Issue Four Documents Concerning the Special Criminal Syndicate Combat
10月21日，全国扫黑办公布国家监委与最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、公安部、司法部联合印发的《关于在扫黑除恶专项斗争中分工负责、互相配合、互相制约 严惩公职人员涉黑涉恶违法犯罪问题的通知》、“两高两部”联合印发的《关于办理非法放贷刑事案件若干问题的意见》《关于办理利用信息网络实施黑恶势力犯罪刑事案件若干问题的意见》《关于跨省异地执行刑罚的黑恶势力罪犯坦白检举构成自首立功若干问题的意见》4个法律政策文件。
On October 21, 2019, the Office of the Leading Group of the National Special Criminal Syndicate Combat released the Notice of Severely Punishing the Criminal Syndicate-Related Public Officials by Cooperating and Checking Each Other According to the Division of Duties in Special Criminal Syndicate Combat which was jointly issued by the National Supervisory Commission (NSC), the Supreme People's Court (SPC), the Supreme People's Procuratorate (SPP), the Ministry of Public Security (MPS), and the Ministry of Justice (MOJ), as well as the Opinions on Several Issues Concerning Handling Criminal Cases Involving Illegal Lending, the Opinions on Several Issues Concerning Handling Criminal Cases Involving Criminal Syndicate-Related Crimes Committed by Using the Information Network, and the Opinions on Several Issues Concerning the Consititution of Voluntary Surrender or Meritorious Performance through the Confession or Accusation of Criminal Syndicate-Related Offenders under Cross-Provincial Execution of the Criminal Penalty that were jointly issued by the SPC, the SP P, the MPS, and the MOJ.
根据《通知》，将重点查办公职人员涉黑涉恶违法犯罪的7类案件，如：公职人员直接组织、领导、参与黑恶势力违法犯罪活动的案件；公职人员包庇、纵容、支持黑恶势力犯罪及其他严重刑事犯罪的案件；等。
According to the Notice, seven types of cases involving criminal syndicate-related crimes committed by public officials should be investigated in priority, including but not limited to cases in which they directly organize, lead, and participate in such criminal activities; and cases where they harbour, connive with, and support the organizations of a gangland nature in committing criminal syndicate-crimes and other serious crimes.
《关于办理非法放贷刑事案件若干问题的意见》剑指非法放贷、暴力催收、与黑恶势力勾结等违法犯罪，明确非法放贷行为入罪标准，建立刑事制裁体系内部衔接机制。
The Opinions on illegal lending are directed at such crimes as illegal lending, violent collection, collusion with mafia-like gangs , clarify the criminalization criteria for illegal lending, and establish an internal connection mechanism under the criminal sanction system.
《关于办理利用信息网络实施黑恶势力犯罪刑事案件若干问题的意见》主要是明确网上黑恶势力犯罪的构罪要件，推动专项斗争从网下向网上延伸，形成网上网下共同发力的局面。
The Opinions on crime syndicate-related crimes committed through the information network mainly specify the constitutive elements of crimes committed by mafia-like gangs on the Internet, in a bid to promote the extension of the special action from offline to online for the cohesive efforts created in this regard.
《关于跨省异地执行刑罚的黑恶势力罪犯坦白检举构成自首立功若干问题的意见》主要是明确跨省跨部门办案线索移交程序，鼓励监所在押的黑恶势力罪犯检举揭发，深挖一批真实性强、成案率高的涉黑涉恶线索，巩固扩大专项斗争成果。
The last Opinions clarify the procedures for cross-provincial and cross-departmental case clue transfer and encourage the syndicate-related criminal in custody to report a crime or expose a criminal, with a view to consolidating and increasing the achievements of special actions.
6. 最高院发布《进一步加强最高人民法院审判监督管理工作的意见（试行）》
SPC Issues Opinions on Further Strengthening the Trial Supervision and Management
日前，最高人民法院印发《进一步加强最高人民法院审判监督管理工作的意见（试行）》，于2019年10月1日起在最高人民法院试行。
Earlier this month, the Supreme People’s Court (SPC) issued the Opinions on Further Strengthening the Trial Supervision and Management of the Supreme People’s Court (for Trial Implementation), effective from October 1, 2019 in the SPC.
《意见》全文分为四个部分，共计31条，就进一步落实司法责任制，加强审判监督管理工作，完善审判监督管理机制，切实规范案件办理流程，推进公正廉洁司法，提出具体要求。《意见》强调了以随机分案为主、指定分案为辅的分案规则,除不适宜随机分案的情形外,其他案件均在办案系统内随机分配。分案后,一般不得变更承办法官及合议庭成员；符合变更情形的,需在办案系统内注明原因。
With a total of 31 articles in four parts, the Opinions put forward the specific requirements for further implementing the judicial accountability system, strengthening the trial supervision and management, improving the trial supervision and management mechanism, effectively regulating the case handling process, and advancing the judicial impartiality and integrity. The Opinions require that the case assignment be conducted in the way of random assignment with occasional designation, meaning that except for cases unsuitable for random assignment, all other cases should be randomly assigned through the case handling system. After a case is assigned, the primary judge handling the case and the member of the collegial panel may not be changed in general; and otherwise, the reasons should be explained in the case handling system.
《意见》要求所有案件网上流转、依法公开。为切实加强对重大、疑难、复杂案件的审判监督管理,《意见》规定,纳入院庭长审判监督管理范围的案件,合议庭复议后由承办法官按多数意见草拟裁判文书并层报院庭长决定是否签发或者提交审判委员会讨论；拟发回重审、指令再审的案件,层报主管院领导决定。
In addition, all cases are required to be circulated online and published according to the law. In order to effectively enhance the trial supervision and management of significant, difficult and complicated cases, for cases included in the trial supervision and management scope of the court presidents and division chief judges, the primary judges should, after reconsideration of the collegial panel, draft adjudicative instruments based on the majority opinions and report them level by level to the court presidents and division chief judges to decide whether to issue them or submit them to the judicial committees for discussion; and for cases to be remanded or ordered for retrial should be reported level by level to the court leaders in charge for decision.
Regulation on Optimizing the Business Environment Issued
2019年10月23日，国务院总理李克强签署国务院令，公布《优化营商环境条例》，自2020年1月1日起施行。
On October 23, 2019, Premier Li Keqiang signed the Order of the State Council to promulgate the Regulation on Optimizing the Business Environment, effective from the January 1, 2020.
一是明确优化营商环境的原则和方向。《条例》将营商环境界定为市场主体在市场经济活动中所涉及的体制机制性因素和条件，明确优化营商环境工作应当坚持市场化、法治化、国际化原则，以市场主体需求为导向，以深刻转变政府职能为核心，创新体制机制、强化协同联动、完善法治保障，为各类市场主体投资兴业营造稳定、公平、透明、可预期的良好环境。
First, the principles and directions for optimizing the business environment are specified. The Regulation defines the business environment as the system and mechanism factors and conditions relating to market players engaged in market economic activities, and makes it clear that the business environment should be optimized, under the principles of marketization, rule of law and internationalization, based on the market players’ needs, and with the profound transformation of government functions as the core, by innovating in systems and mechanisms, strengthening coordinated synergy and improving the legal guarantee, so as to create a stable, fair, transparent and predictable environment for investment and development of various market players.
二是加强市场主体保护。《条例》明确规定国家平等保护各类市场主体，保障各类市场主体依法平等使用各类生产要素和依法平等享受支持政策，保护市场主体经营自主权、财产权和其他合法权益，推动建立全国统一的市场主体维权服务平台等。
Second, the protection of market players should be intensified. The Regulation clearly stipulates that the state equally protects all types of market players by guaranteeing equal use of varied production factors and equal enjoyment of supporting policies as legally required, protecting market players' autonomy in business operations, property safety and other legitimate rights and interests, and promoting the establishment of a nationwide unified right protection service platform for market players, among others.
三是优化市场环境。《条例》对压减企业开办时间、保障平等市场准入、维护公平竞争市场秩序、落实减税降费政策、规范涉企收费、解决融资难融资贵、简化企业注销流程等作了规定。
Third, the market environment should be optimized. The Regulation makes provisions on such aspects as reduction of the time for enterprise start-up, guarantees of equal market access, maintenance of a fair competition order of the market, implementation of tax and fee reduction policies, regulation of enterprise-related charges, resolution of difficulties in financing and high financing cost, and simplification of the enterprise deregistration process.
四是提升政务服务能力和水平。《条例》对推进全国一体化在线政务服务平台建设、精简行政许可和优化审批服务、优化工程建设项目审批流程、规范行政审批中介服务、减证便民、促进跨境贸易便利化、建立政企沟通机制等作了规定。
Fourth, capability and level of government services should be improved. The Regulation addresses such issues as promoting the establishment of a nationwide integrated online government service platform, streamlining the administrative licensing and approval, optimizing the approval process for construction projects, regulating intermediary service for administrative approval, reducing proof for public convenience, facilitating the cross-border trade, and establishing a government-enterprise communication mechanism, among others.
五是规范和创新监管执法。《条例》对健全监管规则和标准，推行信用监管、“双随机、一公开”监管、包容审慎监管、“互联网+监管”，落实行政执法公示、行政执法全过程记录和重大行政执法决定法制审核制度等作了规定。
Fifth, regulation and law enforcement should be standardized and innovated. The Regulation provides for improving regulatory rules and standards; advancing the credit-based regulation, the supervision mechanism of "randomly selected subjects inspected by randomly selected inspectors and public disclosure of inspection results," inclusive and prudent regulation, and "Internet + regulation;" and implementing the rules for the publication of agency law enforcement, the full recording of agency law enforcement, and legal review of major agency law enforcement decisions.
六是加强法治保障。《条例》对法律法规的立改废和调整实施，制定法规政策听取市场主体意见，为市场主体设置政策适应调整期，完善多元化纠纷解决机制、加强法治宣传教育、推进公共法律服务体系建设等作了规定。
Sixth, legal guarantee should be enhanced. The Regulation states the formulation, amendment, and abolishment, as well as adjustment of implementation of laws and regulations; listening to the opinions of market players in the development of laws, regulations and policies; setting the transitional period for market players to adapt to new policies; and improving diversified dispute settlement mechanisms, strengthening the law publicity and education, and advancing the construction of public legal service system, among others.
来源 | 北大法宝英文编辑组（Mani）
责任编辑 | 李泽鹏
排版丨孙静
审核丨张轶辰、张大雷
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