中国留学生都是间谍？听听联邦参议员蒂姆·凯恩怎么说

美国华人

第1254篇文章

凯恩对“中国留学生都是间谍”这一不负责任的谬论进行了坚定的抨击。他认为所有一刀切的，以偏代全的观点，比如说中国人都是间谍，墨西哥人都是强奸犯，所有的穆斯林都是恐怖主义者，都是不道德的和错误的。

正文共：2524字

预计阅读时间：7分钟

撰文：chenxi

https://v.qq.com/txp/iframe/player.html?vid=w1346mbn7fi&width=500&height=375&auto=0

弗吉尼亚州联邦参议员与亚裔选民对话会现场，回答主持人关于“中国留学生都是间谍”的问题。（视频来自作者。）

据媒体报道，8月7号，在和各大个大公司的CEO晚餐会上，特朗普总统暗示几乎所有的来自中国的学生都是间谍。这和FBI局长克里斯多夫·雷伊(Christopher Wray)之前说过的“几乎所有的中国学生都是间谍，中国对美国的间谍活动是全国，全社会的行为”如出一辙，互相呼应。按目前趋势，如果中国成为美国的头号敌人，在美华人，无论是手持签证、绿卡还是已经宣誓入籍成为公民，无疑在一夜之间都成了潜在的间谍。在这个紧要关头，我们是该默默接受还是群起抗议？让我们听听弗吉尼亚州联邦参议员，2016年大选民主党副总统候选人蒂姆·凯恩(Tim Kaine)如何看待这个问题。

蒂姆·凯恩在回答主持人关于“中国间谍”一说的提问。 （图片由作者提供）

8月19日，蒂姆·凯恩在弗吉尼亚州Fairfax和亚裔选民专门举行了对话会。当主持人问到，对于特朗普总统和联邦调查局局长的“几乎所有中国的学生都是间谍”的说法有何评论时，凯恩对这一不负责任的谬论进行了坚定的抨击。他首先回顾了华人在美国所遭受过的严重歧视和华人对美国人权进步做出的重大贡献，随后明确指出，任何地毯式，一刀切地对某个种族进行污蔑的做法，都是不道德的和错误的，都与美国精神背道而驰。移民是美国的根基，为美国带来新鲜血液，他们每天都在为美国做出重要贡献。美国当前的反移民倾向，最终的受害者正是美国自己。两党的绝大多数议员，都不会支持这种反移民的歧视性言论。

以下是我们为读者提供的凯恩回答“中国间谍”的问题的中文翻译 （根据讲话视频整理）：

这是一个非常非常重要的话题。

华人在美国曾经比任何其它种族都受到更深的歧视。最早的一些在十九世纪晚期关于宪法公民权的案例，就与华人有关。当时流行的看法是，他们即使在美国出生，也不能是美国公民。可是最高法院说，“不，不是这样的”。在南北战争之后，为了改变可怕的Dred-Scott判决，我们明确了出生公民权，即只要你出生在这个国家，不管你的父母从哪里来，你都是美国公民。这个建立“出生公民权”的案例，就是“黄金德对美国”案例 (Wong Kim Ark vs United States)。在这个案子里，一位美国华人把官司打到了最高法院。他勇敢地声称，“我生在这里，我就是美国公民”。

无论是出生在美国，还是归化的美国公民，都会对这个国家宣誓自己的忠诚。即使你不是归化的美国公民，比如说拿的是学生签证来这里学习，对美国也是有好处的。老实说，在弗吉尼亚州大学里的中国学生，交的学费比州内学生高多了。他们交的学费，实际上降低了州内学生的学费。所有的一刀切的，以偏代全的观点，比如说中国人都是间谍，墨西哥人都是强奸犯，所有的穆斯林都是恐怖主义者，都是不道德的和错误的。（在场听众热烈鼓掌）。所有的人都享有作为个体接受审判的权利。我们也许是好人，也许是坏人，这都是对一个人作为个人，而不是简单地基于我们从哪里来做出的判断。

在此我还要讲到一点。无论什么时候，使用一刀切式的判断，从来都是带着偏向性的。在二战期间，日裔美国人被关进了集中营，而德裔美国人却没有。为什么呢？为什么德裔美国人没有进集中营，日裔美国人却被关进去了呢？因为德裔美国人是欧洲人。所以每当在用一刀切的判断的时候，都会有人因为肤色或者宗教的原因而受到不公平待遇。再也没有比一刀切的判决更非美国的东西了。总统这么说，很不好。

在此我还要告诉你们一个好消息。如果在参议院里有一个针对所有在美华人的一刀切式的表决，所有的民主党议员，加上几乎全部的共和党议员（个别不愿得罪特朗普总统的共和党议员除外)，都会坚定地说，华裔美国人和爱尔兰裔美国人、意大利裔美国人一样，都热爱着美国。

我用刚开始说过的话来结束今天的讲演：每天我们都获益于移民们带来的技能、热情和创造力。从历史上来看，国家经常崛起了又衰落下来。国家为什么会衰落？国家经常已经习惯了过去而无法进行改变。时代发展带来变革。当一个国家顽固不化，被世界遗落在身后的时候，就是它开始衰落的时候。在过去的二百四十年里，移民对于美国的作用，正如同输血对于身体的功效。它使我们的身体保持年轻活力，富有创造性，和连接起全世界的新思想。如果我们开始斩断我们作为一个移民国家的根基——目前正有这种危险倾向——受害的正是我们自己。

最后，谢谢你们提出这个问题。我可以向你们保证，在这种问题上，我一定会支持你们。我也可以告诉你们，我在参议院的同仁们，无论是民主党还是共和党，都会支持你们。谢谢大家光临！（注：英文全文见本篇文章末。）

特朗普这一无端指控，是对所有中国学生，进而对所有在美华人的地毯式的毫无根据的污蔑。特朗普甚至用到了ABC（American born Chinese）一词，即便在美国出生的华人，即我们的下一代，也会终身带着“可能的中国间谍”这一可耻的红字。结合FBI局长对整体华人社区的充满敌意的话，还有最近在“国防授权法”中试图限制在美学者，商人，企业家和中国进行交流的企图，都表明了这绝不是总统的酒后失言，而是对在美华人进行系统性的大规模迫害的前奏。这一切都是我们坚决不能容忍，绝对不可接受的。这不仅严重损害了我们的切身利益，也是对美国精神（“所有的人都有权利作为个体，而不是一刀切地接受裁判”）的违背。所有在美华人，无论身份，无论左右，无论西东，都应当坚决对此大声说“总统先生，你错了！”同胞们，让我们继续向白宫情愿，勇敢地发出我们的声音！请点击最后的阅读原文登陆白宫的请愿网站，或复制以下链接到浏览器：

https://petitions.whitehouse.gov/petition/president-trump-did-you-call-most-chinese-students-spies

凯恩参议员回答“中国学生都是间谍”的英文文字如下（根据视频整理）：

That is a very very important issue.

Chinese Americans have been subject to some of the most hostile discrimination of any ethnic groups. Some of the first legal cases about, for example, what does the constitution mean about citizens, were cases dealing with Chinese Americans at the end of the 1800s.  And there was an assertion that even though they might have been born here, they couldn’t be US citizens. And the Supreme Court says “No, that is not the case”. 

After the Civil War when we rewrote the Constitution to correct the horrible Dred-Scott decision, we made it so that if you were born in this country, wherever your parents are from, you are a United States citizen. That birthright citizenship, the case that established the birthright citizenship is called Wong Kim Ark vs United States. It is a case dealing with a Chinese American who bravely fought to the Supreme Court to say, “I was born in here, I am a United States citizen”. 

So, whether you are born here or whether you are naturalized, you become a US citizen, you pledge. Or whether you are not even a naturalized, even if you are on a student visa here because you want to come and learn something, that is good for us. 

The Chinese students who come to Virginia universities, let me be honest, they pay a lot more than the in-state students.  What they are paying is helping the in-state students to actually have more an affordable tuition. So any kind of a blanket statement, Chinese are spies, Mexicans are rapists, you know, Muslims are terrorists, any kind of blanket statement like that, is just immoral and wrong. (Applause). 

We are all entitled to be judged based on who we are as individuals. We might be good people, we might be bad people, that is an individual judgement, not based on where your family is from. And I will tell you one other thing. When we use blanket stereotypes, we never use them in an even-handed way. During world war II, Japanese Americans were put to internment camps, German American weren’t. What is the reason for that? Why were German American not put into internment camps，and Japanese Americans were? Because German Americans were European. So when you use these types of stereotypes, it is always against somebody whose skin color is different, or who had a different religion. 

There is nothing more anti-American than using the stereotype right there. I will tell you there is some good news. The President said that and that is bad. If you had a vote on any sort of blanket stereotype against people based on Chinese origin in the Senate, you will get every Democrats, and you may get, you may lose one Republican vote who is afraid to challenge President Trump, but you will have rock solid support for the proposition that the Chinese American community just as patriotic as the Irish American community, or the Italian American community. I will end where I started. We are benefited in this commonwealth every day, by the skills, passion, creativity that our immigrant communities bring. If you read history, nations often rise then they fall. Why did nations fall? They often fall because they get too set in their way that they cannot change. Time is moving on, change is happening, but we just get so set doing the way we always did it that the world moves passed us, and we started to fail. 

What immigration has been for the United States, it is been, after 240 years, is the blood transfusion in the bloodstream of our body that it keeps our body young, creative, flexible, new ideas connected to the world. And if we ever start to make it, I mean we are starting to, we are in danger of this right now, we ever start selling out our loots as a nation of immigrants, we will just be hurting ourselves. So thank you for asking for that. I can assure you that I will have your back on issues like that. And I can tell you that, my senate colleagues, Democrats and Republicans, will also have your back.

Thank you so much for coming!

撰文：chenxi

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