飘走的美国浮桥与搁浅的提案:巴以停火何时实现?
* “中美友好互信合作计划”是由复旦发展研究院和丰实集团共同打造的中美关系研究的学术平台
前言
加沙地带南部城市拉法遭遇以色列轰炸,
来源:《以色列时报》
01
人道主义危机加剧,美军浮桥地位尴尬
自2023年10月7日以来,本轮巴以冲突已经给双方带来了巨大的人员伤亡。据加沙卫生部统计,冲突爆发以来,加沙至少有 37266 人死亡,85102 人受伤,并表示死者大多数是妇女和儿童。而以色列官方统计数据称,哈马斯 10 月 7 日的袭击造成约 1200 人死亡,其中包括 300 多名士兵,此外,自加沙军事行动开始以来,以军在公开声明中承认已有298 名士兵丧生,但外界普遍认为真实伤亡数字远不止于此。此外,还有198名联合国雇员在冲突中丧生,其中有188人来自近东工程和救济处。
以军自去年10月底开始对加沙地带展开全面地面攻势,这直接导致该地区本就脆弱的基础设施和民生物资发放体系遭到重创,酿成了重大的人道主义危机。在本轮冲突爆发前,由于以色列长达 16 年的封锁,超过一半的加沙人只能依靠外部援助来获得基本民生供给,冲突爆发后,这一比例陡增到70%以上。根据国际红十字会报道,目前,加沙地区唯一的电厂正因缺乏燃料而长期停摆,大部分居民获得的供水量仅为日常所需的3%,90%以上的居民正面临粮食短缺危机。2023年,加沙地带的人口密度接近6000人每平方公里,是世界上最为拥挤地区之一,且在被长期围困的情况下,大部分加沙居民即使知道战斗即将爆发也基本无处可逃。因此,大规模地面军事行动势必导致大量平民伤亡,BBC对卫星图像的分析显示,加沙地带50%至61%的建筑遭到破坏。
运送救援物资的卡车通过美国架设的临时码头。来源:美联社
02
迟未制定战略目标,以高层举棋不定
一个以色列组织号召民众移民并定居加沙的宣传牌。
来源:npr news03
各方态度摇摆不定,
“三阶段”停火协议短期难以落实
联合国安理会通过美国提出的“三阶段”停火提案。
来源:UN News参考文献
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“中美友好互信合作计划”是由复旦发展研究院和丰实集团共同打造的中美关系研究的学术平台,该平台通过课题研究和精英讲坛的联动运作方式,力求以最快的速度、最高的学术权威分析中美关系的热点问题。