如何快速理解“in which”引导的定语从句？ | 语法解密

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当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，我们通常用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。

如果指“人”，用“介词＋whom”；如果指“物”，用“介词＋which”。

例如：

Do you know the lady with whom our manager is talking in the office?

Where is the supermarket in which you bought the laptop last week?

使用“介词＋关系代词”要注意以下2个点：

(一)选用介词的依据：

(1) 根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定短语)。例如：

Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous. （be famous for)

(2) 根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成，不一定是短语)。例如：

The old woman with whom you talked just now is a famous artist.(talk with)

(3) 根据句子的意思来选择。例如：

The naughty boy made a hole in the wall through which he could see what is happening outside.(see through...）

(4) 表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词of。例如：

I have about 20 books, half of which were written by Bing Xin, the famous writer.(=of 20 books，在20本书当中）

(二)在定语从句中，含介词的短语动词不可拆开使用(视为整体)，如look after（照顾）, look for（寻找）等。例如：

The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.(正)

The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.(误)

look after 是整体，不能拆分

二、“介词＋关系代词”与关系副词的转化

(1)当先行词表示地点，定语从句中缺少地点状语时，通常用关系副词where引导，此时也可选用表示地点的“介词＋which”来代替关系副词where。例如：

I visited the village where many children couldn’t go to school because of poverty. 

=I visited the village in which many children couldn’t go to school because of poverty.

(2) 当先行词表示时间，定语从句中缺少时间状语时，通常用关系副词when引导，此时也可选用表示时间的“介词＋which”来代替关系副词when。例如：

We’d better fix a date when we will practice speaking English next week.

＝We’d better fix a date on which we will practice speaking English next week.

(3) 当先行词为reason，定语从句中缺少表示原因状语时，通常用关系副词why引导，此时也可以用“for which”来代替关系副词why。例如：

Can you tell me the reason why you were late for school?

＝Can you tell me the reason for which you were late for school?

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