按照圣经原则的门徒训练
我最早的记忆是小时候跟着父亲一起钓鱼的情景。他教我如何挂饵，投线，及钓起鱼后如何摘钩。但我所学到的远超过钓鱼本身。我更加了解了父亲。比如他如何走路，讲话，开玩笑，他怎样祷告，跟别人交流，及在开车回家路上如何总是想起我的母亲。除了钓鱼本身，我学习了如何做一个男人。
直到今天，从我父亲那里学习的功课仍然影响着我生活及爱别人的方式。我和父亲相处时光就是一种门徒训练。他带领，我跟随。
什么是符合圣经的门徒训练呢？在基督徒需要对付的所有问题中，这是最重要的一个。成为耶稣的门徒是关乎我们的身份及我们生命应当如何行的根本核心。在这篇文章中，我认为“门徒训练”，就是帮助别人跟随耶稣，直接源于“做耶稣的门徒”。门徒被呼召跟随基督，跟随祂也意味着帮助别人跟随祂。
那你是训练门徒的门徒吗？
门徒跟随耶稣
我们与耶稣相遇时，祂呼召我们来，要丧掉生命（可8:34-35）。而且祂呼召我们跟从祂，学习祂（太4:19, 11:29）。这事无关于我们是聪明或愚笨，富贵或贫穷，年轻或年老，是亚裔、非裔还是美裔。唯一的要求是我们要对悖逆造物主的罪进行悔改，并通过信心紧紧跟随祂（可1:15; 帖前1:9）。如果这样做，我们就按着应许罪过得以赦免，而且我们得以与神和好（西1:13-14;林后5：17-21）。耶稣呼召我们来，要丧掉生命，这样我们就能得了生命。
那些凭信心跟随耶稣的人被称为祂的门徒。有些人认为门徒是那些为主全身投入的“超级基督徒”，而基督徒则是“普通信徒”。然而，圣经并不支持这种区分。 (例如，见太10:38,16:24-28; 可8:34;路9:23,57-62;约10:27,12:25-26)。我们要么在跟随耶稣，要么没有；不存在中间地带 (太12:30)。
门徒效法耶稣并且倍增
耶稣呼召门徒效法祂并倍增是跟随耶稣的关键。作为门徒，我们被呼召要效法耶稣的爱（约13:34），祂的使命（太4:19） ，祂的谦卑（腓2:5），祂的服事(约13:14)，祂的受苦(彼前2:21)，以及祂对父神的顺服(约一2:3-6)。因为祂是我们的老师，我们都要向祂学习，靠着圣灵的能力，努力变得更加像祂（路6:40）。长成为基督的样式是一生的努力，其动力是满怀希望地期待有一天能与祂面对面（约一3:2-3）。
门徒帮助他人跟随耶稣
当我们跟随我们的主，我们很快明白：倍增是效法的一部分。与耶稣有个人的关系是极其美好的，但如果仅止于此，那么这个关系则不完全。 作为祂的跟随者，我们要刻意地帮助他人效法耶稣、变得更像祂。正如我的一个朋友所说，“如果你说自己是基督徒，却不帮助他人跟随耶稣，那么你是不知所云。”做祂的跟随者就是要帮助他人跟随祂。
成为训练门徒的门徒需要从两个具体方面着手。首先，我们被呼召要传福音。传福音就是告诉那些还没有跟随耶稣的人跟从耶稣到底意味着什么。我们通过在社区及万国中（太28:19-20）宣扬并描绘福音来传福音。我们千万不要忘记神把我们放在家庭、职场和各个朋友圈里面，是要我们可以向那些在基督以外，注定要下地狱的人传扬恩典的福音。我们必须要帮助人们学习如何开始跟随耶稣。
训练门徒的第二方面是帮助其他信徒长成基督的样式。耶稣把祂的教会设计为一个身体(林前12)、一个圣徒的国度、以及彼此积极建造，成为满有基督长成身量的一家人(弗 2:19; 4:13，29)。我们被呼召要彼此劝诫(罗 15:14) 并效法跟随基督的人 (林前 4:16，11:1; 帖后 3:7，9)。作为门徒，我们要有意识地浇灌其他门徒，好让他们能栽培其他的人 (提后 2:1-2)。
门徒有意识地建立关系
门徒训练不会自然发生。我们需要刻意地培养深层的、诚信的关系。在关系中我们可以帮助其他基督徒属灵成长。虽然我们可以在任何地方开展门训关系，但最自然的地方是在地方教会的会众之中。在教会，基督徒按着命令要定期聚会，彼此激发勉励，长成基督的样式，彼此保护脱离罪的缠绕（来 3:12-13; 10:24-25）。
在这种彼此委身的群体中产生的门训关系应当兼有组织性和自发性。当我们考察耶稣的生活时，我们看到祂既正式地教导门徒（太 5-7;可 10:1），同时也在与他们共同生活中让他们观察祂对神的顺服(约 4:27;路 22:39-56)。
同样的道理，我们的一些门训关系应该是有组织的。比如两个朋友决定研读一章约翰福音，然后在喝咖啡或健身锻炼时加以讨论。或者两个职场人士约好每周读某部基督教书籍的一章，然后在周六一起带孩子去附近散步时再谈一谈。或者两对夫妇每月约一个晚上，讨论圣经中关于婚姻的教导。或者一位敬虔的年长姐妹周二下午邀请一个年轻的单身姐妹到她家一起祷告并学习基督徒的传记。或者一个妈妈每周在公园里花时间和其他妈妈在一起。不论是何种具体方式，我们在门训过程中应该计划时间来阅读、 祷告、认罪、 鼓励，或彼此挑战变得更像基督。
门徒训练也可以是自发性的。比如和朋友一起去看电影，散场后边吃冰淇淋边比较电影中的信息与圣经教导的异同。或者一对父子坐在门廊上，一起思想日落所彰显的神的荣耀。或者你邀请教会的访客吃午饭，问一问他们是怎样认识耶稣的。
我们总是需要刻意，但不一定总是提前安排好。事实上，《申命记》第6章告诉我们“无论你坐在家里，行在路上，躺下，起来”（第7节），都可以进行门徒训练。我们每时每刻都有机会讨论神是谁，祂在做什么。因为我们始终在跟随耶稣，我们总是有机会去帮助别人也来跟随祂。
门徒依靠恩典
虽然耶稣的门徒确实应该帮助他人跟随耶稣，我们也必须永远记住，如果离开了神恒久而大能的恩典，我们什么都不能做（约 15:5）。无论你是一个牧师，水管工，警察，还是全职父母，你永远需要神的恩典。
当我们跟随基督，并帮助他人跟随祂，我们就不断地意识到我们需要恩典。我们会失败。我们会犯罪。我们会挣扎。但感恩的是，神总是把丰丰富富的恩典赐给祂的儿女。这真是一个好消息，激励我们一起努力跟随耶稣，并且每日生命更新，变成祂荣耀的形状（林后3:18）。让我们忠心地跟随基督并帮助别人也这样做，直到我们见主面。愿你快来，主耶稣 ！
Discipleship According to the Scriptures
My earliest memories revolve around fishing trips with my father. He taught me how to bait a hook, cast a line, and land a catfish without getting stabbed to death. But fishing wasn’t all I learned. I learned about my father. I learned how he walked, how he talked, how he joked, how he prayed, how he spoke to others, and how he always thought about my mother on the drive home.More than fishing, I learned about being a man.
To this day, the lessons I learned from my dad impact the way I live and love others. What happened in my time with my father was a form of discipleship. He led and I followed.
What is biblical discipleship? Of all the questions Christians need to wrestle with, this is one of the most important. Being disciples of Jesus gets to the very core of who we are and what we should be doing with our lives. In this article I suggest that discipleship—helping others follow Jesus—flows directly from being a disciple of Jesus. Disciples are called to follow Christ, and following him means helping others follow him.
Are you a disciple that makes disciples?
DISCIPLES FOLLOW JESUS
When we encounter Jesus, we meet a man who calls us to come and die (Mk. 8:34-35). And he calls us to follow him and learn from him (Mt. 4:19, 11:29). It doesn’t matter whether we’re smart or stupid, rich or poor, young or old, Asian, African, or American. The only requirement is that we repent of rebelling against our Creator and cling to him through faith (Mk. 1:15; 1 Thess. 1:9). If we do this, we’re promised forgiveness of our sins and reconciliation to God (Col. 1:13-14; 2 Cor. 5:17-21). Jesus calls us to come and die so that we might live.
Those who follow Jesus by faith are known as his disciples. Some suggest that disciples are the “super Christians” who are gettin’ it done for Jesus, while Christians are just “normal believers.” Scripture, however, offers no support for this distinction. (See, for example, Mt. 10:38, 16:24-28; Mk. 8:34; Lk. 9:23, 57-62; Jn. 10:27, 12:25-26). We are either following Jesus or we aren’t; there is no middle ground (Mt. 12:30).
DISCIPLES IMITATE AND REPLICATE JESUS
At the heart of following Jesus is Jesus’ call to imitate him and replicate him. As disciples, we are called to imitate Jesus’ love (Jn. 13:34), his mission (Mt. 4:19), his humility (Phil. 2:5), his service (Jn. 13:14), his suffering (1 Pt. 2:21) and his obedience to the Father (1 Jn. 2:3-6). Since he is our teacher, we are to learn from him and strive in the power of the Holy Spirit to become like him (Lk. 6:40). This growth in Christ-likeness is a lifelong endeavor that is fueled by the hopeful expectation that one day we will see him face to face (1 Jn. 3:2-3).
DISCIPLES HELP OTHERS FOLLOW JESUS
As we follow our Lord, we quickly learn that part of imitation is replication. Having a personal relationship with Jesus is magnificent, but it is incomplete if it ends with us. Part of being his follower is to intentionally help others learn from him and become more like him. As a friend of mine says, “If you aren’t helping other people follow Jesus, I don’t know what you mean when you say you’re following Jesus.” To be his follower is to help others follow him.
Being a disciple that makes disciples happens in two particular ways. First, we’re called to evangelize. Evangelism is telling people who don’t follow Jesus what it means to follow him. We do this by proclaiming and portraying the gospel in our neighborhood and among the nations (Mt. 28:19-20). We must never forget that God has placed us in the families, workplaces, and circles of friends that we are in so that we can proclaim the gospel of grace to those who are destined to hell apart from Christ. We must help people learn how to begin to follow Jesus.
The second aspect of making disciples is helping other believers grow in Christ-likeness. Jesus has designed his church to be a body (1 Cor. 12), a kingdom of citizens and a family who actively build each other up into the fullness of Christ (Eph. 2:19; 4:13, 29). We are called to instruct each other about Christ (Rom. 15:14) and to imitate others who are following Christ (1 Cor. 4:16, 11:1; 2 Thess. 3:7, 9). As disciples, we are to intentionally pour into other disciples so they can pour into still others (2 Tim. 2:1-2).
DISCIPLES INTENTIONALLY BUILD RELATIONSHIPS
Discipleship does not just happen. We need to be intentional about cultivating deep, honest relationships in which we do spiritual good to other Christians. While we can have discipleship relationships anywhere, the most natural place for them to develop is in the community of the local church. In the church Christians are commanded to meet together regularly, spur each other on in Christ-likeness, and protect each other against sin (Heb. 3:12-13; 10:24-25).
The discipleship relationships that spring out of this type of committed community should be both structured and spontaneous. When we study the life of Jesus, we see that he formally taught his disciples (Mt. 5-7; Mk. 10:1) while also allowing them to observe his obedience to God as they lived life together (Jn 4:27; Lk. 22:39-56).
In the same way, some of our discipleship relationships should be structured. Maybe two friends decide to read a chapter from the Gospel of John and then discuss it over coffee or a workout at the gym. Maybe two businessmen read a chapter each week from a Christian book and then talk about it on a Saturday walk through the neighborhood with their kids. Maybe two couples do a date night together once a month and talk about what the Bible says about marriage. Maybe a godly older lady has a younger single woman over to her home on Tuesday afternoon to pray and study a Christian biography. Maybe a mom spends time at the park with other moms each week. Regardless of the format, some of our discipleship should involve scheduled times of reading, praying, confessing, encouraging, and challenging each other to become more like Christ.
Discipleship can also be spontaneous. Maybe friends go to a movie together and then grab ice cream afterwards to compare the movie’s message to what the Bible says. Maybe a father and a son sit on the porch and reflect on God’s glory being displayed in a sunset. Maybe you invite visitors from church over for lunch and ask everyone how they came to know Jesus.
We always need to be intentional, but we don’t always need to be structured. In fact, Deuteronomy 6 shows us that discipleship happens “when you sit in your house, and when you walk by the way, and when you lie down, and when you rise” (v. 7). Every moment presents an opportunity to discuss who God is and what he’s doing. Since we are always following Jesus, we always have the opportunity to help others follow him as well.
DISCIPLES DEPEND UPON GRACE
While it is true that a disciple of Jesus ought to help others follow Jesus, we must always remember that apart from the sustaining and empowering grace of God we can do nothing (Jn. 15:5). Whether you’re a pastor, a plumber, a policeman, or a stay at home parent, you never graduate from your need for God’s grace.
As we follow Christ and help others follow him, we’re constantly made aware that we need grace. We fail. We sin. We struggle. But thankfully, God’s grace abounds to his children. This is good news as we seek to follow Jesus together and daily be transformed into his glorious image (2 Cor. 3:18). May we faithfully follow Christ and help others to do the same until we see his face. Come soon, Lord Jesus!
作者：Garrett Kell
Garrett Kell是位于弗吉尼亚州Alexandria的 Del Ray浸信会主任牧师
翻译肢体：刘立君
用圣经视野和实用资源装备教会领袖
进而通过健康的教会向世界彰显神的荣耀
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