Android 10.0 PackageManagerService(一)工作原理及启动流程-[Android取经之路]
阅读本文大约需要花费50分钟。
文章的内容主要还是从源码进行分析,虽然又臭又长,但是如果想要学习Android系统源码,这是必要走的路,没有捷径。
相对于碎片学习,我更倾向于静下心来花费1个小时认真的学习一段内容。
系列文章:
Android系统启动之init进程(一)-「Android取经之路」
Android系统启动之init进程(二)-「Android取经之路」
Android 10.0系统启动之init进程(三)-「Android取经之路」
Android 10.0系统启动之init进程(四)-「Android取经之路」
Android 10.0系统启动之Zygote进程(一)-「Android取经之路」
Android 10.0系统启动之Zygote进程(二)-「Android取经之路」
Android 10.0系统启动之Zygote进程(三)-「Android取经之路」
Android 10.0系统启动之Zygote进程(四)-「Android取经之路」
Android 10.0系统启动之SystemServer进程(一)-「Android取经之路」
Android 10.0系统启动之SystemServer进程(二)-「Android取经之路」
Android 10.0系统服务之AMS启动流程-「Android取经之路」
Android10.0系统启动之Launcher(桌面)启动流程-[Android取经之路]
Android10.0应用进程创建过程以及Zygote的fork流程-[Android取经之路]
1.概述
PackageManagerService是Android系统核心服务之一,在Android中的非常重要,主要负责的功能如下:
解析 AndroidManifest.xml,主要包括AndroidManifest中节点信息的解析和target-name的分析和提炼
扫描本地文件,主要针对apk,主要是系统应用、本地安装应用等等。这部分会在下面仔细讲解。
管理本地apk,主要包括安装、删除等等。
下面称PackageManagerService为PKMS。
2.核心源码
/frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ApplicationPackageManager.java
/frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/SystemServer.java
/frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/pm/PackageManagerService.java
/frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/pm/PackageDexOptimizer.java
/frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/pm/Installer.java
/frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/pm/Settings.java
/frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/pm/permission/BasePermission.java
/frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/pm/PackageManagerService.java
/frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/pm/permission/DefaultPermissionGrantPolicy.java
/frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/pm/permission/PermissionManagerService.java
/frameworks/base/core/java/android/content/pm/IPackageManager.aidl
/frameworks/base/core/java/android/content/pm/PackageManager.java
/frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/server/SystemConfig.java
3.架构
3.1 PKMS 启动过程
3.2 PKMS 继承关系
3.3 权限管理
3.4 APK扫描
扫描APK的AndroidManifest.xml中的各个标签信息,
例如"application"、"overlay"、"permission"、"uses-permission"等信息。
再针对各个标签的子标签进程扫描,
例如application会扫描"activity"、"receiver"、"service"、"provider"等信息
后面会详细讲解扫描过程
4.启动过程
4.1 启动过程
PKMS服务由SystemServer进行启动,在SystemServer中startBootstrapServices()启动PKMS服务,再调用startOtherServices()进行dex优化,磁盘管理等功能,并让PKMS进入systemready状态。
启动调用栈如下图所示:
4.1.1 [SystemServer.java] startBootstrapServices()
说明:startBootstrapServices()首先启动Installer服务,也就是安装器,随后判断当前的设备是否处于加密状态,如果是则只是解析核心应用,接着调用PackageManagerService的静态方法main来创建pms对象
(1)启动Installer服务
(2)获取设备是否加密(手机设置密码),如果设备加密了,则只解析"core"应用
(3)调用PKMS main方法初始化PackageManagerService,其中调用PackageManagerService()构造函数创建了PKMS对象
(4)如果设备没有加密,操作它。管理A/B OTA dexopting。
源码:
private void startBootstrapServices() {
...
//(1)启动Installer
//阻塞等待installd完成启动,以便有机会创建具有适当权限的关键目录,如/data/user。
//我们需要在初始化其他服务之前完成此任务。
Installer installer = mSystemServiceManager.startService(Installer.class);
mActivityManagerService.setInstaller(installer);
...
//(2)获取设别是否加密(手机设置密码),如果设备加密了,则只解析"core"应用,mOnlyCore = true,后面会频繁使用该变量进行条件判断
String cryptState = VoldProperties.decrypt().orElse("");
if (ENCRYPTING_STATE.equals(cryptState)) {
Slog.w(TAG, "Detected encryption in progress - only parsing core apps");
mOnlyCore = true;
} else if (ENCRYPTED_STATE.equals(cryptState)) {
Slog.w(TAG, "Device encrypted - only parsing core apps");
mOnlyCore = true;
}
//(3)调用main方法初始化PackageManagerService,参考[4.1.3]
mPackageManagerService = PackageManagerService.main(mSystemContext, installer,
mFactoryTestMode != FactoryTest.FACTORY_TEST_OFF, mOnlyCore);
//PKMS是否是第一次启动
mFirstBoot = mPackageManagerService.isFirstBoot();
//(4)如果设备没有加密,操作它。管理A/B OTA dexopting。
if (!mOnlyCore) {
boolean disableOtaDexopt = SystemProperties.getBoolean("config.disable_otadexopt",
false);
OtaDexoptService.main(mSystemContext, mPackageManagerService);
}
...
}
4.1.2 [SystemServer.java]
startOtherServices()
说明:
(5)执行 updatePackagesIfNeeded ,完成dex优化;
(6)执行 performFstrimIfNeeded ,完成磁盘维护;
(7)调用systemReady,准备就绪。
源码:
private void startOtherServices() {
...
if (!mOnlyCore) {
...
//(5)如果设备没有加密,执行performDexOptUpgrade,完成dex优化;[参考4.3]
mPackageManagerService.updatePackagesIfNeeded();
}
...
//(6) 最终执行performFstrim,完成磁盘维护,[参考4.4]
mPackageManagerService.performFstrimIfNeeded();
...
//(7)PKMS准备就绪,[参考4.5]
mPackageManagerService.systemReady();
...
}
4.1.3 [PackageManagerService.java] main()
说明:
main函数主要工作:
(1)检查Package编译相关系统属性
(2)调用PackageManagerService构造方法
(3)启用部分应用服务于多用户场景
(4)往ServiceManager中注册”package”和”package_native”。
源码:
public static PackageManagerService main(Context context, Installer installer,
boolean factoryTest, boolean onlyCore) {
// (1)检查Package编译相关系统属性
PackageManagerServiceCompilerMapping.checkProperties();
//(2)调用PackageManagerService构造方法,参考[4.2]
PackageManagerService m = new PackageManagerService(context, installer,
factoryTest, onlyCore);
//(3)启用部分应用服务于多用户场景
m.enableSystemUserPackages();
//(4)往ServiceManager中注册”package”和”package_native”。
ServiceManager.addService("package", m);
final PackageManagerNative pmn = m.new PackageManagerNative();
ServiceManager.addService("package_native", pmn);
return m;
}
PKMS初始化时的核心部分为PackageManagerService()构造函数的内容,我们下面就来分析该流程
4.2 PKMS构造函数分析
PKMS的构造函数中由两个重要的锁(mInstallLock、mPackages) 和5个阶段构成,下面会详细的来分析这些内容。
mInstallLock :用来保护所有安装apk的访问权限,此操作通常涉及繁重的磁盘数据读写等操作,并且是单线程操作,故有时候会处理很慢。
此锁不会在已经持有mPackages锁的情况下火的,反之,在已经持有mInstallLock锁的情况下,立即获取mPackages是安全的
mPackages:用来解析内存中所有apk的package信息及相关状态。
5个阶段:
阶段1:BOOT_PROGRESS_PMS_START
阶段2:BOOT_PROGRESS_PMS_SYSTEM_SCAN_START
阶段3:BOOT_PROGRESS_PMS_DATA_SCAN_START
阶段4:BOOT_PROGRESS_PMS_SCAN_END
阶段5:BOOT_PROGRESS_PMS_READY
PKMS服务也是通过binder进行通信,IPackageManager.aidl由工具转换后自动生成binder的服务端IPackageManager.Stub和客户端IPackageManager.Stub.Proxy,具体关系如图:
Binder服务端:
PackageManagerService继承于IPackageManager.Stub;
Binder客户端:
ApplicationPackageManager(简称APM)的成员变量mPM继承于IPackageManager.Stub.Proxy; 本身APM是继承于PackageManager对象。
4.2.1 [PackageManagerService.java]
说明:IPackageManager.Stub是IPackageManager.aidl自动生成的,正好也说明了PKMS是service端的,通过binder交互
源码:
public class PackageManagerService extends IPackageManager.Stub
implements PackageSender {
}
4.2.2 [PackageManagerService.java]
PackageManagerService()
说明:PackageManagerService构造函数
源码:
public PackageManagerService(Context context, Installer installer,
boolean factoryTest, boolean onlyCore) {
...
//阶段1:BOOT_PROGRESS_PMS_START, 参考[4.2.3]
EventLog.writeEvent(EventLogTags.BOOT_PROGRESS_PMS_START,
SystemClock.uptimeMillis());
//阶段2:BOOT_PROGRESS_PMS_SYSTEM_SCAN_START ,参考[4.2.4]
EventLog.writeEvent(EventLogTags.BOOT_PROGRESS_PMS_SYSTEM_SCAN_START,
startTime);
...
//阶段3:BOOT_PROGRESS_PMS_DATA_SCAN_START ,参考[4.2.5]
if (!mOnlyCore) {
EventLog.writeEvent(EventLogTags.BOOT_PROGRESS_PMS_DATA_SCAN_START,
SystemClock.uptimeMillis());
}
...
//阶段4:BOOT_PROGRESS_PMS_SCAN_END ,参考[4.2.6]
EventLog.writeEvent(EventLogTags.BOOT_PROGRESS_PMS_SCAN_END,
SystemClock.uptimeMillis());
...
//阶段5:BOOT_PROGRESS_PMS_READY,参考[4.2.7]
EventLog.writeEvent(EventLogTags.BOOT_PROGRESS_PMS_READY,
SystemClock.uptimeMillis());
}
4.2.3 阶段1:BOOT_PROGRESS_PMS_START
主要工作:
(1)构造 DisplayMetrics ,保存分辨率等相关信息;
(2)创建Installer对象,与installd交互;
(3)创建mPermissionManager对象,进行权限管理;
(4)构造Settings类,保存安装包信息,清除路径不存在的孤立应用,主要涉及/data/system/目录的packages.xml,packages-backup.xml,packages.list,packages-stopped.xml,packages-stopped-backup.xml等文件。
(5)构造PackageDexOptimizer及DexManager类,处理dex优化;
(6)创建SystemConfig实例,获取系统配置信息,配置共享lib库;
(7)创建PackageManager的handler线程,循环处理外部安装相关消息。
源码:
public PackageManagerService(...) {
LockGuard.installLock(mPackages, LockGuard.INDEX_PACKAGES);
EventLog.writeEvent(EventLogTags.BOOT_PROGRESS_PMS_START,
SystemClock.uptimeMillis());
mContext = context;
mFactoryTest = factoryTest; // 一般为false,即非工厂生产模式
mOnlyCore = onlyCore; //标记是否只加载核心服务
mMetrics = new DisplayMetrics(); // 分辨率配置
mInstaller = installer; //保存installer对象
//创建提供服务/数据的子组件。这里的顺序很重要,使用到了两个重要的同步锁:mInstallLock、mPackages
synchronized (mInstallLock) {
synchronized (mPackages) {
// 公开系统组件使用的私有服务
// 本地服务
LocalServices.addService(
PackageManagerInternal.class, new PackageManagerInternalImpl());
// 多用户管理服务
sUserManager = new UserManagerService(context, this,
new UserDataPreparer(mInstaller, mInstallLock, mContext, mOnlyCore), mPackages);
mComponentResolver = new ComponentResolver(sUserManager,
LocalServices.getService(PackageManagerInternal.class),
mPackages);
// 权限管理服务
mPermissionManager = PermissionManagerService.create(context,
mPackages /*externalLock*/);
mDefaultPermissionPolicy = mPermissionManager.getDefaultPermissionGrantPolicy();
//创建Settings对象
mSettings = new Settings(Environment.getDataDirectory(),
mPermissionManager.getPermissionSettings(), mPackages);
}
}
// 添加system, phone, log, nfc, bluetooth, shell,se,networkstack 这8种shareUserId到mSettings;
mSettings.addSharedUserLPw("android.uid.system", Process.SYSTEM_UID,
ApplicationInfo.FLAG_SYSTEM, ApplicationInfo.PRIVATE_FLAG_PRIVILEGED);
mSettings.addSharedUserLPw("android.uid.phone", RADIO_UID,
ApplicationInfo.FLAG_SYSTEM, ApplicationInfo.PRIVATE_FLAG_PRIVILEGED);
mSettings.addSharedUserLPw("android.uid.log", LOG_UID,
ApplicationInfo.FLAG_SYSTEM, ApplicationInfo.PRIVATE_FLAG_PRIVILEGED);
mSettings.addSharedUserLPw("android.uid.nfc", NFC_UID,
ApplicationInfo.FLAG_SYSTEM, ApplicationInfo.PRIVATE_FLAG_PRIVILEGED);
mSettings.addSharedUserLPw("android.uid.bluetooth", BLUETOOTH_UID,
ApplicationInfo.FLAG_SYSTEM, ApplicationInfo.PRIVATE_FLAG_PRIVILEGED);
mSettings.addSharedUserLPw("android.uid.shell", SHELL_UID,
ApplicationInfo.FLAG_SYSTEM, ApplicationInfo.PRIVATE_FLAG_PRIVILEGED);
mSettings.addSharedUserLPw("android.uid.se", SE_UID,
ApplicationInfo.FLAG_SYSTEM, ApplicationInfo.PRIVATE_FLAG_PRIVILEGED);
mSettings.addSharedUserLPw("android.uid.networkstack", NETWORKSTACK_UID,
ApplicationInfo.FLAG_SYSTEM, ApplicationInfo.PRIVATE_FLAG_PRIVILEGED);
...
// DexOpt优化
mPackageDexOptimizer = new PackageDexOptimizer(installer, mInstallLock, context,
"*dexopt*");
mDexManager = new DexManager(mContext, this, mPackageDexOptimizer, installer, mInstallLock);
// ART虚拟机管理服务
mArtManagerService = new ArtManagerService(mContext, this, installer, mInstallLock);
mMoveCallbacks = new MoveCallbacks(FgThread.get().getLooper());
mViewCompiler = new ViewCompiler(mInstallLock, mInstaller);
// 权限变化监听器
mOnPermissionChangeListeners = new OnPermissionChangeListeners(
FgThread.get().getLooper());
mProtectedPackages = new ProtectedPackages(mContext);
mApexManager = new ApexManager(context);
// 获取默认分辨率
getDefaultDisplayMetrics(context, mMetrics);
//拿到SystemConfig()的对象,其中会调用SystemConfig的readPermissions()完成权限的读取,参考[5 权限管理]
SystemConfig systemConfig = SystemConfig.getInstance();
synchronized (mInstallLock) {
// writer
synchronized (mPackages) {
// 启动"PackageManager"线程,负责apk的安装、卸载
mHandlerThread = new ServiceThread(TAG,
Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND, true /*allowIo*/);
mHandlerThread.start();
// 应用handler
mHandler = new PackageHandler(mHandlerThread.getLooper());
// 进程记录handler
mProcessLoggingHandler = new ProcessLoggingHandler();
// Watchdog监听ServiceThread是否超时:10分钟
Watchdog.getInstance().addThread(mHandler, WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT);
// Instant应用注册
mInstantAppRegistry = new InstantAppRegistry(this);
// 共享lib库配置
ArrayMap<String, SystemConfig.SharedLibraryEntry> libConfig
= systemConfig.getSharedLibraries();
final int builtInLibCount = libConfig.size();
for (int i = 0; i < builtInLibCount; i++) {
String name = libConfig.keyAt(i);
SystemConfig.SharedLibraryEntry entry = libConfig.valueAt(i);
addBuiltInSharedLibraryLocked(entry.filename, name);
}
...
// 读取安装相关SELinux策略
SELinuxMMAC.readInstallPolicy();
// 返回栈加载
FallbackCategoryProvider.loadFallbacks();
//读取并解析/data/system下的XML文件
mFirstBoot = !mSettings.readLPw(sUserManager.getUsers(false));
// 清理代码路径不存在的孤立软件包
final int packageSettingCount = mSettings.mPackages.size();
for (int i = packageSettingCount - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
PackageSetting ps = mSettings.mPackages.valueAt(i);
if (!isExternal(ps) && (ps.codePath == null || !ps.codePath.exists())
&& mSettings.getDisabledSystemPkgLPr(ps.name) != null) {
mSettings.mPackages.removeAt(i);
mSettings.enableSystemPackageLPw(ps.name);
}
}
// 如果不是首次启动,也不是CORE应用,则拷贝预编译的DEX文件
if (!mOnlyCore && mFirstBoot) {
requestCopyPreoptedFiles();
}
...
} // synchronized (mPackages)
}
}
readLPw()会扫描下面5个文件
1) "/data/system/packages.xml"
2) "/data/system/packages-backup.xml"
3) "/data/system/packages.list"
4) "/data/system/packages-stopped.xml"
5) "/data/system/packages-stopped-backup.xml"
个文件共分为三组,简单的作用描述如下:
packages.xml:PKMS 扫描完目标文件夹后会创建该文件。当系统进行程序安装、卸载和更新等操作时,均会更新该文件。该文件保存了系统中与 package 相关的一些信息。
packages.list:描述系统中存在的所有非系统自带的 APK 的信息。当这些程序有变动时,PKMS 就会更新该文件。
packages-stopped.xml:从系统自带的设置程序中进入应用程序页面,然后在选择强制停止(ForceStop)某个应用时,系统会将该应用的相关信息记录到此文件中。也就是该文件保存系统中被用户强制停止的 Package 的信息。
这些目录的指向,都在Settings中的构造函数完成, 如下所示,得到目录后调用readLPw()进行扫描
Settings(File dataDir, PermissionSettings permission,
Object lock) {
mLock = lock;
mPermissions = permission;
mRuntimePermissionsPersistence = new RuntimePermissionPersistence(mLock);
mSystemDir = new File(dataDir, "system"); //mSystemDir指向目录"/data/system"
mSystemDir.mkdirs(); //创建 "/data/system"
//设置权限
FileUtils.setPermissions(mSystemDir.toString(),
FileUtils.S_IRWXU|FileUtils.S_IRWXG
|FileUtils.S_IROTH|FileUtils.S_IXOTH,
-1, -1);
//(1)指向目录"/data/system/packages.xml"
mSettingsFilename = new File(mSystemDir, "packages.xml");
//(2)指向目录"/data/system/packages-backup.xml"
mBackupSettingsFilename = new File(mSystemDir, "packages-backup.xml");
//(3)指向目录"/data/system/packages.list"
mPackageListFilename = new File(mSystemDir, "packages.list");
FileUtils.setPermissions(mPackageListFilename, 0640, SYSTEM_UID, PACKAGE_INFO_GID);
//(4)指向目录"/data/system/packages-stopped.xml"
mStoppedPackagesFilename = new File(mSystemDir, "packages-stopped.xml");
//(5)指向目录"/data/system/packages-stopped-backup.xml"
mBackupStoppedPackagesFilename = new File(mSystemDir, "packages-stopped-backup.xml");
}
解析上面这个几个xml的内容,建立对应的数据结构
[Settings.java]
boolean readLPw(@NonNull List<UserInfo> users) {
FileInputStream str = null;
...
if (str == null) {
str = new FileInputStream(mSettingsFilename);
}
//解析"/data/system/packages.xml"
XmlPullParser parser = Xml.newPullParser();
parser.setInput(str, StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name());
int type;
while ((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.START_TAG
&& type != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {
;
}
int outerDepth = parser.getDepth();
while ((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT
&& (type != XmlPullParser.END_TAG || parser.getDepth() > outerDepth)) {
if (type == XmlPullParser.END_TAG || type == XmlPullParser.TEXT) {
continue;
}
//根据XML的各个节点进行各种操作,例如读取权限、shared-user等
String tagName = parser.getName();
if (tagName.equals("package")) {
readPackageLPw(parser);
} else if (tagName.equals("permissions")) {
mPermissions.readPermissions(parser);
} else if (tagName.equals("permission-trees")) {
mPermissions.readPermissionTrees(parser);
} else if (tagName.equals("shared-user")) {
readSharedUserLPw(parser);
}...
}
str.close();
...
return true;
}
说明:创建 SharedUserSetting 对象并添加到 Settings 的成员变量 mSharedUsers 中,在 Android 系统中,多个 package 通过设置 sharedUserId 属性可以运行在同一个进程,共享同一个 UID
源码:
mSettings.addSharedUserLPw("android.uid.system", //字符串
Process.SYSTEM_UID, //系统进程使用的用户id,值为1000
ApplicationInfo.FLAG_SYSTEM, //标志系统 Package
ApplicationInfo.PRIVATE_FLAG_PRIVILEGED); //特权系统应用
SharedUserSetting addSharedUserLPw(String name, int uid, int pkgFlags, int pkgPrivateFlags) {
//mSharedUsers 是一个 HashMap,key 为字符串,值为 SharedUserSetting 对象
SharedUserSetting s = mSharedUsers.get(name);
if (s != null) {
if (s.userId == uid) {
return s;
}
PackageManagerService.reportSettingsProblem(Log.ERROR,
"Adding duplicate shared user, keeping first: " + name);
return null;
}
//创建一个新的 SharedUserSetting 对象,并设置的 userId 为 uid
s = new SharedUserSetting(name, pkgFlags, pkgPrivateFlags);
s.userId = uid;
if (registerExistingAppIdLPw(uid, s, name)) {
mSharedUsers.put(name, s);//将name与s键值对添加到mSharedUsers中保存
return s;
}
return null;
}
4.2.4 阶段2:BOOT_PROGRESS_PMS_SYSTEM_SCAN_START
主要工作:
(1)从init.rc中获取环境变量BOOTCLASSPATH和SYSTEMSERVERCLASSPATH;
(2)对于旧版本升级的情况,将安装时获取权限变更为运行时申请权限;
(3)扫描system/vendor/product/odm/oem等目录的priv-app、app、overlay包;
(4)清除安装时临时文件以及其他不必要的信息。
源码:
public PackageManagerService(Context context, Installer installer,
boolean factoryTest, boolean onlyCore) {
synchronized (mInstallLock) {
synchronized (mPackages) {
// 记录扫描开始时间
long startTime = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
EventLog.writeEvent(EventLogTags.BOOT_PROGRESS_PMS_SYSTEM_SCAN_START,
startTime);
//获取环境变量,init.rc
final String bootClassPath = System.getenv("BOOTCLASSPATH");
final String systemServerClassPath = System.getenv("SYSTEMSERVERCLASSPATH");
...
// 获取system/framework目录
File frameworkDir = new File(Environment.getRootDirectory(), "framework");
// 获取内部版本
final VersionInfo ver = mSettings.getInternalVersion();
// 判断fingerprint是否有更新
mIsUpgrade = !Build.FINGERPRINT.equals(ver.fingerprint);
...
// 对于Android M之前版本升级上来的情况,需将系统应用程序权限从安装升级到运行时
mPromoteSystemApps =
mIsUpgrade && ver.sdkVersion <= Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP_MR1;
// 对于Android N之前版本升级上来的情况,需像首次启动一样处理package
mIsPreNUpgrade = mIsUpgrade && ver.sdkVersion < Build.VERSION_CODES.N;
mIsPreNMR1Upgrade = mIsUpgrade && ver.sdkVersion < Build.VERSION_CODES.N_MR1;
mIsPreQUpgrade = mIsUpgrade && ver.sdkVersion < Build.VERSION_CODES.Q;
// 在扫描之前保存预先存在的系统package的名称,不希望自动为新系统应用授予运行时权限
if (mPromoteSystemApps) {
Iterator<PackageSetting> pkgSettingIter = mSettings.mPackages.values().iterator();
while (pkgSettingIter.hasNext()) {
PackageSetting ps = pkgSettingIter.next();
if (isSystemApp(ps)) {
mExistingSystemPackages.add(ps.name);
}
}
}
// 准备解析package的缓存
mCacheDir = preparePackageParserCache();
// 设置flag,而不在扫描安装时更改文件路径
int scanFlags = SCAN_BOOTING | SCAN_INITIAL;
...
//扫描以下路径:
/vendor/overlay、/product/overlay、/product_services/overlay、/odm/overlay、/oem/overlay、/system/framework
/system/priv-app、/system/app、/vendor/priv-app、/vendor/app、/odm/priv-app、/odm/app、/oem/app、/oem/priv-app、
/product/priv-app、/product/app、/product_services/priv-app、/product_services/app、/product_services/priv-app
//参考[6 PMS jar包、apk的安装]
scanDirTracedLI(new File(VENDOR_OVERLAY_DIR),...);
scanDirTracedLI(new File(PRODUCT_OVERLAY_DIR),...);
scanDirTracedLI(new File(PRODUCT_SERVICES_OVERLAY_DIR),...);
scanDirTracedLI(new File(ODM_OVERLAY_DIR),...);
scanDirTracedLI(new File(OEM_OVERLAY_DIR),...);
...
final List<String> possiblyDeletedUpdatedSystemApps = new ArrayList<>();
final List<String> stubSystemApps = new ArrayList<>();
// 删掉不存在的package
if (!mOnlyCore) {
final Iterator<PackageParser.Package> pkgIterator = mPackages.values().iterator();
while (pkgIterator.hasNext()) {
final PackageParser.Package pkg = pkgIterator.next();
if (pkg.isStub) {
stubSystemApps.add(pkg.packageName);
}
}
final Iterator<PackageSetting> psit = mSettings.mPackages.values().iterator();
while (psit.hasNext()) {
PackageSetting ps = psit.next();
// 如果不是系统应用,则不被允许disable
if ((ps.pkgFlags & ApplicationInfo.FLAG_SYSTEM) == 0) {
continue;
}
// 如果应用被扫描,则不允许被擦除
final PackageParser.Package scannedPkg = mPackages.get(ps.name);
if (scannedPkg != null) {
// 如果系统应用被扫描且存在disable应用列表中,则只能通过OTA升级添加
if (mSettings.isDisabledSystemPackageLPr(ps.name)) {
...
removePackageLI(scannedPkg, true);
mExpectingBetter.put(ps.name, ps.codePath);
}
continue;
}
...
}
}
// 删除临时文件
deleteTempPackageFiles();
// 删除没有关联应用的共享UID标识
mSettings.pruneSharedUsersLPw();
...
}
...
}
...
}
4.2.5 阶段3:BOOT_PROGRESS_PMS_DATA_SCAN_START
主要工作有:对于不仅仅解析核心应用的情况下,还处理data目录的应用信息,及时更新,祛除不必要的数据。
源码:
public PackageManagerService(Context context, Installer installer,
boolean factoryTest, boolean onlyCore) {
synchronized (mInstallLock) {
synchronized (mPackages) {
...
if (!mOnlyCore) {
EventLog.writeEvent(EventLogTags.BOOT_PROGRESS_PMS_DATA_SCAN_START,
SystemClock.uptimeMillis());
scanDirTracedLI(sAppInstallDir, 0, scanFlags | SCAN_REQUIRE_KNOWN, 0);
...
// 移除通过OTA删除的更新系统应用程序的禁用package设置
// 如果更新不再存在,则完全删除该应用。否则,撤消其系统权限
for (int i = possiblyDeletedUpdatedSystemApps.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
final String packageName = possiblyDeletedUpdatedSystemApps.get(i);
final PackageParser.Package pkg = mPackages.get(packageName);
final String msg;
mSettings.removeDisabledSystemPackageLPw(packageName);
...
}
// 确保期望在userdata分区上显示的所有系统应用程序实际显示
// 如果从未出现过,需要回滚以恢复系统版本
for (int i = 0; i < mExpectingBetter.size(); i++) {
final String packageName = mExpectingBetter.keyAt(i);
if (!mPackages.containsKey(packageName)) {
final File scanFile = mExpectingBetter.valueAt(i);
...
mSettings.enableSystemPackageLPw(packageName);
try {
//扫描APK
scanPackageTracedLI(scanFile, reparseFlags, rescanFlags, 0, null);
} catch (PackageManagerException e) {
Slog.e(TAG, "Failed to parse original system package: "
+ e.getMessage());
}
}
}
// 解压缩并安装任何存根系统应用程序。必须最后执行此操作以确保替换或禁用所有存根
installSystemStubPackages(stubSystemApps, scanFlags);
...
// 获取storage manager包名
mStorageManagerPackage = getStorageManagerPackageName();
// 解决受保护的action过滤器。只允许setup wizard(开机向导)为这些action设置高优先级过滤器
mSetupWizardPackage = getSetupWizardPackageName();
...
// 更新客户端以确保持有正确的共享库路径
updateAllSharedLibrariesLocked(null, Collections.unmodifiableMap(mPackages));
...
// 读取并更新要保留的package的上次使用时间
mPackageUsage.read(mPackages);
mCompilerStats.read();
}
}
}
}
4.2.6 阶段4:BOOT_PROGRESS_PMS_SCAN_END
主要工作:
(1)sdk版本变更,更新权限;
(2)OTA升级后首次启动,清除不必要的缓存数据;
(3)权限等默认项更新完后,清理相关数据;
(4)更新package.xml
源码:
public PackageManagerService(Context context, Installer installer,
boolean factoryTest, boolean onlyCore) {
synchronized (mInstallLock) {
synchronized (mPackages) {
...
EventLog.writeEvent(EventLogTags.BOOT_PROGRESS_PMS_SCAN_END,
SystemClock.uptimeMillis());
// 如果自上次启动以来,平台SDK已改变,则需要重新授予应用程序权限以捕获出现的任何新权限
final boolean sdkUpdated = (ver.sdkVersion != mSdkVersion);
mPermissionManager.updateAllPermissions(
StorageManager.UUID_PRIVATE_INTERNAL, sdkUpdated, mPackages.values(),
mPermissionCallback);
...
// 如果这是第一次启动或来自Android M之前的版本的升级,并且它是正常启动,那需要在所有已定义的用户中初始化默认的首选应用程序
if (!onlyCore && (mPromoteSystemApps || mFirstBoot)) {
for (UserInfo user : sUserManager.getUsers(true)) {
mSettings.applyDefaultPreferredAppsLPw(user.id);
primeDomainVerificationsLPw(user.id);
}
}
// 在启动期间确实为系统用户准备存储,因为像SettingsProvider和SystemUI这样的核心系统应用程序无法等待用户启动
final int storageFlags;
if (StorageManager.isFileEncryptedNativeOrEmulated()) {
storageFlags = StorageManager.FLAG_STORAGE_DE;
} else {
storageFlags = StorageManager.FLAG_STORAGE_DE | StorageManager.FLAG_STORAGE_CE;
}
...
// 如果是在OTA之后首次启动,并且正常启动,那需要清除代码缓存目录,但不清除应用程序配置文件
if (mIsUpgrade && !onlyCore) {
Slog.i(TAG, "Build fingerprint changed; clearing code caches");
for (int i = 0; i < mSettings.mPackages.size(); i++) {
final PackageSetting ps = mSettings.mPackages.valueAt(i);
if (Objects.equals(StorageManager.UUID_PRIVATE_INTERNAL, ps.volumeUuid)) {
// No apps are running this early, so no need to freeze
clearAppDataLIF(ps.pkg, UserHandle.USER_ALL,
FLAG_STORAGE_DE | FLAG_STORAGE_CE | FLAG_STORAGE_EXTERNAL
| Installer.FLAG_CLEAR_CODE_CACHE_ONLY);
}
}
ver.fingerprint = Build.FINGERPRINT;
}
//安装Android-Q前的非系统应用程序在Launcher中隐藏他们的图标
if (!onlyCore && mIsPreQUpgrade) {
Slog.i(TAG, "Whitelisting all existing apps to hide their icons");
int size = mSettings.mPackages.size();
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
final PackageSetting ps = mSettings.mPackages.valueAt(i);
if ((ps.pkgFlags & ApplicationInfo.FLAG_SYSTEM) != 0) {
continue;
}
ps.disableComponentLPw(PackageManager.APP_DETAILS_ACTIVITY_CLASS_NAME,
UserHandle.USER_SYSTEM);
}
}
// 仅在权限或其它默认配置更新后清除
mExistingSystemPackages.clear();
mPromoteSystemApps = false;
...
// 所有变更均在扫描过程中完成
ver.databaseVersion = Settings.CURRENT_DATABASE_VERSION;
//降级去读取
mSettings.writeLPr();
}
}
}
4.2.7 阶段5:BOOT_PROGRESS_PMS_READY
主要工作有:
(1)创建PackageInstallerService对象
(2)GC回收内存
源码:
public PackageManagerService(Context context, Installer installer,
boolean factoryTest, boolean onlyCore) {
synchronized (mInstallLock) {
synchronized (mPackages) {
...
EventLog.writeEvent(EventLogTags.BOOT_PROGRESS_PMS_READY,
SystemClock.uptimeMillis());
...
//PermissionController 主持 缺陷许可证的授予和角色管理,所以这是核心系统的一个关键部分。
mRequiredPermissionControllerPackage = getRequiredPermissionControllerLPr();
...
updateInstantAppInstallerLocked(null);
// 阅读并更新dex文件的用法
// 在PM init结束时执行此操作,以便所有程序包都已协调其数据目录
// 此时知道了包的代码路径,因此可以验证磁盘文件并构建内部缓存
// 使用文件预计很小,因此与其他活动(例如包扫描)相比,加载和验证它应该花费相当小的时间
final Map<Integer, List<PackageInfo>> userPackages = new HashMap<>();
for (int userId : userIds) {
userPackages.put(userId, getInstalledPackages(/*flags*/ 0, userId).getList());
}
mDexManager.load(userPackages);
if (mIsUpgrade) {
MetricsLogger.histogram(null, "ota_package_manager_init_time",
(int) (SystemClock.uptimeMillis() - startTime));
}
}
}
...
// 打开应用之后,及时回收处理
Runtime.getRuntime().gc();
// 上面的初始扫描在持有mPackage锁的同时对installd进行了多次调用
mInstaller.setWarnIfHeld(mPackages);
...
}
4.3 dex 优化
检查是否需要去更新Packages并进行dex优化,如果没有OTA升级、没有大版本升级、没有清楚过dalvik虚拟机的缓存,可以去更新packages,
最终调用的是Installer的dexopt()进行优化
调用栈如下:
4.3.1 [PackageManagerService.java] updatePackagesIfNeeded()
说明:
检查是否需要去更新Packages并进行dex优化,如果没有OTA升级、没有大版本升级、没有清楚过dalvik虚拟机的缓存,可以去更新packages
更新packages的优先级:core app >system app > other app,调用 performDexOptUpgrade()进行更新
源码:
public void updatePackagesIfNeeded() {
//只有system或是root用户才有权限请求 package update
enforceSystemOrRoot("Only the system can request package update");
//(1)判断有没有进行OTA升级,我们需要在OTA后重新提取。
boolean causeUpgrade = isDeviceUpgrading();
//(2)是否是第一次启动或是系统大版本升级
boolean causeFirstBoot = isFirstBoot() || mIsPreNUpgrade;
// We need to re-extract after a pruned cache, as AoT-ed files will be out of date.
//(3)判断是否有清除过dalvik虚拟机的缓存
boolean causePrunedCache = VMRuntime.didPruneDalvikCache();
//(4)如果上面的三个都没有,那么就不进行任何操作
if (!causeUpgrade && !causeFirstBoot && !causePrunedCache) {
return;
}
List<PackageParser.Package> pkgs;
synchronized (mPackages) {
//(5)按照package的优先级进行排序,core app >system app > other app
pkgs = PackageManagerServiceUtils.getPackagesForDexopt(mPackages.values(), this);
}
final long startTime = System.nanoTime(); //记录开始时间
//进行dex优化,参考[4.3.2]
final int[] stats = performDexOptUpgrade(pkgs, mIsPreNUpgrade /* showDialog */,
causeFirstBoot ? REASON_FIRST_BOOT : REASON_BOOT,
false /* bootComplete */);
...
}
4.3.2 [PackageManagerService.java] performDexOptUpgrade()
说明:判断是否需要对package进行更新,如果需要更新那么按照优先级完成dex优化,最终调用Install的dexopt()进行dex优化,参考上面的调用栈
源码:
private int[] performDexOptUpgrade(List<PackageParser.Package> pkgs, boolean showDialog,
final int compilationReason, boolean bootComplete) {
...
//循环取出packages,进行优化
for (PackageParser.Package pkg : pkgs) {
numberOfPackagesVisited++;
boolean useProfileForDexopt = false;
//第一次启动或是ota升级之后并且是系统应用才会进行odex
if ((isFirstBoot() || isDeviceUpgrading()) && isSystemApp(pkg)) {
...
}
...
//最终是调用 mInstaller.dexopt 完成优化的,installd守护进程,installer安装器和Installd通信
int primaryDexOptStaus = performDexOptTraced(new DexoptOptions(
pkg.packageName,
pkgCompilationReason,
dexoptFlags));
switch (primaryDexOptStaus) {
case PackageDexOptimizer.DEX_OPT_PERFORMED:
numberOfPackagesOptimized++; //odex优化完成的应用
break;
case PackageDexOptimizer.DEX_OPT_SKIPPED:
numberOfPackagesSkipped++; //跳过的应用
break;
case PackageDexOptimizer.DEX_OPT_FAILED:
numberOfPackagesFailed++; //失败的应用
break;
default:
Log.e(TAG, "Unexpected dexopt return code " + primaryDexOptStaus);
break;
}
}
return new int[] { numberOfPackagesOptimized, numberOfPackagesSkipped,
numberOfPackagesFailed };
}
4.4 磁盘维护
磁盘维护最终调用的是vold进程的 fstrim()进行清理操作
调用栈:
[PackageManagerService.java] performFstrimIfNeeded()
说明:主要是执行磁盘清理工作,释放磁盘空间
源码:
public void performFstrimIfNeeded() {
//只有system或是root用户才有权限请求fstrim
enforceSystemOrRoot("Only the system can request fstrim");
//在其他事情之前,看看我们是否需要fstrim
try {
//获取StorageManager对象
IStorageManager sm = PackageHelper.getStorageManager();
if (sm != null) {
boolean doTrim = false;
//获取执行FTRIM间隔,默认是3天,可以通过setting provider更改这个时间
long interval = android.provider.Settings.Global.getLong(
mContext.getContentResolver(),
android.provider.Settings.Global.FSTRIM_MANDATORY_INTERVAL,
DEFAULT_MANDATORY_FSTRIM_INTERVAL);
if (interval > 0) {
final long timeSinceLast = System.currentTimeMillis() - sm.lastMaintenance();
if (timeSinceLast > interval) {
doTrim = true; //如果超过了三天就进行磁盘清理
Slog.w(TAG, "No disk maintenance in " + timeSinceLast
+ "; running immediately");
}
}
if (doTrim) {
final boolean dexOptDialogShown;
synchronized (mPackages) {
dexOptDialogShown = mDexOptDialogShown;
}
//如果不是第一次启动,显示一个提示框
if (!isFirstBoot() && dexOptDialogShown) {
try {
ActivityManager.getService().showBootMessage(
mContext.getResources().getString(
R.string.android_upgrading_fstrim), true);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
}
}
// 这里的sm是 StorageManagerService,发送消息H_FSTRIM给handler,然后再向vold发送fstrim命
sm.runMaintenance();
}
} else {
Slog.e(TAG, "storageManager service unavailable!");
}
} catch (RemoteException e) {
// Can't happen; StorageManagerService is local
}
}
4.5 PKMS 准备就绪
[PackageManagerService.java] systemReady()
说明:systemReady主要完成的是默认授权和更新package的信息,通知在等待pms的一些组件
源码:
public void systemReady() {
//只有system或是root用户才有权限 声称system已经ready
enforceSystemOrRoot("Only the system can claim the system is ready");
ContentObserver co = new ContentObserver(mHandler) {
...
};
co.onChange(true); //注册一个监听
...
synchronized (mPackages) {
ArrayList<PreferredActivity> removed = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i=0; i<mSettings.mPreferredActivities.size(); i++) {
PreferredIntentResolver pir = mSettings.mPreferredActivities.valueAt(i);
removed.clear();
for (PreferredActivity pa : pir.filterSet()) {
if (!mComponentResolver.isActivityDefined(pa.mPref.mComponent)) {
removed.add(pa);
}
}//移除不存在的先前用户设置保存的优先选择的activity组件
if (removed.size() > 0) {
for (int r=0; r<removed.size(); r++) {
PreferredActivity pa = removed.get(r);
Slog.w(TAG, "Removing dangling preferred activity: "
+ pa.mPref.mComponent);
pir.removeFilter(pa);
}
mSettings.writePackageRestrictionsLPr(
mSettings.mPreferredActivities.keyAt(i)); //写入到文件中
}
}
for (int userId : UserManagerService.getInstance().getUserIds()) {
if (!mSettings.areDefaultRuntimePermissionsGrantedLPr(userId)) {
grantPermissionsUserIds = ArrayUtils.appendInt(
grantPermissionsUserIds, userId);
}
}
}
sUserManager.systemReady(); //多用户服务 systemReady
//升级所有已获取的默认权限
for (int userId : grantPermissionsUserIds) {
mDefaultPermissionPolicy.grantDefaultPermissions(userId); //默认授权操作,参考[]
}
...
// Now that we've scanned all packages, and granted any default
// permissions, ensure permissions are updated. Beware of dragons if you
// try optimizing this.
synchronized (mPackages) {
mPermissionManager.updateAllPermissions(
StorageManager.UUID_PRIVATE_INTERNAL, false, mPackages.values(),
mPermissionCallback); //更新权限信息
...
});
}
//注意随时间变化的外部存储设备
final StorageManager storage = mContext.getSystemService(StorageManager.class);
storage.registerListener(mStorageListener);
mInstallerService.systemReady();
mApexManager.systemReady();
mPackageDexOptimizer.systemReady();
...
//清除过期的userid和app
sUserManager.reconcileUsers(StorageManager.UUID_PRIVATE_INTERNAL);
reconcileApps(StorageManager.UUID_PRIVATE_INTERNAL);
mPermissionManager.systemReady();
if (mInstantAppResolverConnection != null) {
mContext.registerReceiver(new BroadcastReceiver() {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
mInstantAppResolverConnection.optimisticBind();
mContext.unregisterReceiver(this);
}
}, new IntentFilter(Intent.ACTION_BOOT_COMPLETED));
}
if (!isFirstBoot()) {
Slog.i(TAG, "enablePackageStoppedPolicy");
synchronized (mPackages) {
PackageManagerServiceUtilsZTE.enablePackageStoppedPolicy(mPackages.values(), this);
}
}
mModuleInfoProvider.systemReady();
// Installer service might attempt to install some packages that have been staged for
// installation on reboot. Make sure this is the last component to be call since the
// installation might require other components to be ready.
mInstallerService.restoreAndApplyStagedSessionIfNeeded();
//update partner app
new Thread(() -> {
updatePartnerAppInFota();
}).start();
}
下一节将会讲解PKMS 的权限扫描、APK扫描等内容。