精准备考2018年高考英语语法填空
全国卷从2014年开始采用语法填空的题型，其中14年和15年各有2套，16年有3套，17年3套，至今为止，共有10套题目。根据这10套题目，可以得出以下规律。
1、必考：副词1个、连词1-2个、动词2-4个
2、副词
"常考结构:
**be+副词+done 【副词修饰be done】; 如be （official）given..
动词+名词+副词【副词修饰动词+名词，其中动词和名词构成动宾结构】；如we take short breaks （regular）. giveout that heat （slow）..
连词+副词+动词【副词修饰动词】；如which （gradual）turned into chopsticks.
名词/代词+副词+动词【副词修饰动词。其中名词/代词和动词构成主谓结构】；如it （actual）caught fire..
the crowd of strangers （sudden）became.. it （regular）arranges…
be+副词+形容词【副词修饰形容词】： it must have been （fair）unpleasant for the passengers.
It is_______ （certain）fun.
副词后接逗号，Even ______（bad）,
特殊情况：A few hours . I’d been at home in Hong Kong...
#考法：形变副；副词变比较级【前有even, much, a little，或有than，或句意】
$考过的单词【形式上多数是形容词后加ly就行了】：actually （actual）,suddenly（sudden）, slowly（slow）, earlier/before,officially （official）,regularly （regular）, gradually（gradual）,fairly （fair）, certainly （certain） , worse （bad）
3、连词
"考法：并列连词 and ,or ,
从属连词【后接从句】（定语从句、状语从句、宾语从句）
#考过的连词
2次考查and，如There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious…
…Korea,and Vietnam…
or: 如：a few days or even a few months
【可以延伸为but/yet，while等】
6次考查定语从句连词: 如：
…show in the mid-1980s,when I was the first Western TV reporter…
…Confucius,who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.,
…the Li River that/which are pictured by…
…a habit that/which is driving…
Likeanything, it is impossible to have too much of both, which is not good for the health.
But Sarah,who has taken part in shows along with top models wants to prove thatshe has brains as well as beauty.
【常考前有逗号，后接动词be/do/did等】
how+副词或形容词，如 …figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be…
as 形容词/副词 as 如：…be as productive as possible before lunch.
As/when"随着"或"当……时", 如As/When the population grew,people began cutting food into small pieces…
4、动词：
"考法涉及主谓一致、虚拟语气、时态、语态、非谓语。简称一致二态三非（一为一致；时态和语态；三单，三个非谓语）
动词的形式有：动词原形、第三人称单数、过去式、be doing、be done、have/has/had done、will/would do
#考过的动词：其中提示词be出现5次，make出现2次，use 出现2次。
助动词【情态动词、助动词后接动原】用于疑问句，如“ Did anyone losea suitcase at the last stop?”
动词原形【祈使句】：如…make（make）sure it’s a relief…
第三人称单数（一般现在时），如：This cycle goes （go） day after day.
But at the moment, school comes（come）first.
过去式（一般过去时），如：…when I arrived （arrive） in Yangshuo…
A boy on a bike caught （catch） myattention.
Later,engineers managed（manage）to construct railwaysin a system of deep tunnels （隧道）, which became known tothe tube.
Be动词考查（is, am, are, were, was, hasbeen, have been），如：
Leaving the less important things until tomorrow is（be）often acceptable.
Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and were（be） too violent…
It was（be）unimaginable…
Yangshuo is （be）really beautiful.
Fast food is （be） full of fat and salt;
被动语态：【人作主语且是动作承受者、物作主语，be后接过去分词】
如 …I was allowed（allow）to get up close to…
Truly elegant chopsticks might be made （make） of…
Steam engines were used（use）to pull the carriages…
When fat and salt are removed （remove） from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.
Sarah has been told/ was told （tell）that she could be Britain’s new supermodel earning a million dollars in the newyear.
现在分词（非谓语） :主要位于介词之后、后接doing的动词之后，逗号之后（表主动、伴随）
如：…will include introducing（introduce）Britishvisitors…
Still,the boy kept riding（ride）.
But unlike school friends,16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term resting （rest）.
People probably cooked their food in large pots, using （use）twigs （树枝） to remove it.
without using（use）electric equipment.
…worried about being （be）late for school.
…for people living （live） in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
This included digging up the road, laying（lay）the track and then building a strong roof over the top.
…by eating（eat） more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
过去分词（非谓语）作后置定语，常见结构为名词_____（动词）介词，如：
I was the first Western TV reporter permitted（permit）…
A study of travelers conducted （conduct） by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo..
The adobed wellings （土坯房） built（build） by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired…
不定式（非谓语），表目的或用于固定结构中（It took years of work todo; refuse to do, be+形容词+to do , be likely to do, be required to do，wantto do），如：
…you’ll be less likely to bring（bring）your work home.
Skilled workersalso combine various hardwoods and metal to create （create）special designs.
…are now cold enough to cool （cool）the house…
It took years of work to reduce （reduce） the industrial pollution…
…but he refused tostop （stop）…
They are required to process （process） the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.
But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models wants to prove （prove） that she has brains as well as beauty.
5、名词：名词数（单复数、名词属格）【2014II没考】：
"名词考查结构：
冠词（the）+名词+动词（be）；
形容词性物主代词（their）/形容词（top/many/few/recent）+名词；
冠词（the）+名词+介词（of）；
介词（of）+名词【注意区别介词+doing】:
数（量）词+名词：
#考查方式及考过单词：
名词单数变复数【changes（change）,paintings （painting），studies（study）,crowds（crowd）,effects （effect）,invitations （invitation）】
动词变名词单数【achievement （achieve），development（develop），attraction（attract）,introduction（introduce）,education（educate）】；
形容词变名词【ability （able）】
6、形容词【2015I，2016I，2016II没考】：主要考查：形容词作定语修饰名词，形容词作表语、比较级（根据than或句意判断）。
"形容词考查结构及考过的单词：
比较级，如…greater（great） and less importance.
…is cleaner（clean）thanever.
名词变形容词【名词之前的形容词、Be 之后的形容词】：如：
natural（nature）architects
Justbe patient（patience）.
…wasone of the most successful（success） of these new lines,
However,be careful（care） notto go to extremes.
分词作形容词【过去分词（修饰人）作表语、现在分词（修饰物）作定语】如：
…amazing（amaze）stories…
…some of them looked very anxious and disappointed（disappoint）…
此外，可能会考查否定的意思。
7、介词【2014I没考】：主要是考查固定搭配，其中to 出现了2次
to （next to , go back to），
by （by bus）,
at （at the same time） ,
on （focus on） ,
with （eat with hands）
from （to and from work）
as （… was started by the medicalcommunity（医学界）as a method offighting heart disease）
in （get a degree in engineering）
8、冠词【固定搭配中的冠词；最高级/序数词/独一无二事物前；泛指还是特指】
【2014II，2015I，2016III没考】：其中the出现3次
the （2次后接most,1次后接other, 1次后接top），
a （fora while, as a result, as a model）
9、代词【2014I，2015II,2016II,2016III, 2017I, 2017III没考】：其中its出现2次。
作定语 如…its （it）mother…
…withits （it） chokingsmog…
作表语 如：“Oh dear! It’s me/mine（I）.”
无提示词如：However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using it every day.