知否，知否，核心语法两句话就足够！
数落名不副实的行动，感叹接连的张冠李戴。
小主表示同意，士兵由壮丁来补位。
以上两句话涉及到了十种词类，八种成分，六种从句。
数落名不副实的行动，感叹接连的张冠李戴。
词类分别为数词、名词、副词、形容词、动词、叹词、介词、连词、冠词、代词。
前面五个（数词、名词、副词、形容词、动词）在语法填空是有提示词的。
后面五个（除去叹词，介词、连词和冠词这三个是没有提示词的，代词有时会有提示的）。
在改错题中，可以根据名副形动，介连冠代的顺序排查错误的地方。
小主表示同意，士兵由壮丁来补位。
小主表示主语，表示同意也就是表语和同位语，兵就是宾语，壮丁也就是状语和定语，补也就是补语，位就是谓语。
主语、表语、同位语、宾语又称为名词性从句；状语从句也叫副词性从句；定语从句也叫形容词性从句。
在分析语法的时候，常常会分析句子以上八种成分。
最后，附上2018年全国乙卷的语法填空和改错题练习一下吧。
语法填空
According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61__________(long) than non-runners. You don’t have to run fast or for long 62__________(see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63__________ (die) early by running.
While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 64 __________(be) more effective at lengthening life 65__________ walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 __________ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67__________ (cause).
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise … it’s probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 68__________(strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it’s always 69 __________ (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70__________ a try.
改错题
During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals. Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, but he agreed.
参考答案
61. longer
62. to see
63. dying
64. is
65. than
66. that/which
67. causes
68. strengthen
69. energetic
70. it/running