【高中新教材】人教版必修二 Unit 4 英汉对照、音频

导读

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Unit4 History and Traditions
Reading and Thinking（P40）

WHAT'S IN A NAME?

名字意味着什么？

The United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, England—many people are confused by what these different names mean. Sowhat is the difference between them, if any? Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.

联合王国、大不列颠、不列颠、英格兰——很多人对这些不同名字的含义感到困惑。如果有区别的话，那么它们之间有什么区别？稍微了解一下英国历史将有助于你解决这个难题。

Inthe 16th century, the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England.Later, in the 18th century, the country Scotland was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain. In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Finally, in the 20th century,the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Most people just use the shortened name: “the United Kingdom” or “the UK”. People from the UK are called “British”, which means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain.

在16世纪，附近的威尔士与英格兰王国联合了起来。后来，在18世纪，苏格兰加入了创建大不列颠王国的行列。在19世纪，爱尔兰王国加入，一起组建了大不列颠及爱尔兰联合王国。最终，在20世纪，爱尔兰南部脱离了英国，形成了我们如今所看到的全名：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。大多数人只是使用缩写名称：“联合王国”或“英国”。来自英国的人被称为“不列颠人”，这意味着英国也经常被称为不列颠或大不列颠。

The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas.They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence. However, they also have some differences. For example, England,Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland all have different education systems andlegal systems. They also have their own traditions, like their own national days and national dishes. And they even have their own football teams for competitions like the World Cup!

联合王国的这四个国家在某些方面共同合作。像拥有相同的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗（称为“英国国旗”）。但是，它们也有一些不同之处。例如，英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰在教育体制和立法体制上都存在着差异。他们也有自己的传统，例如自己的民族节日和民族美食。他们甚至拥有各自的足球队去参加像世界杯之类的比赛！

The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history to explore, which can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions. Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history. The first group, the Romans, came in the first century.Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads. Next, the Anglo-Saxons arrived in the fifth century. They introduced the beginnings of the English language, and changed the way people built houses. The Vikings came in the eighth century, left behind lots of new vocabulary, and also the names of many locationsacross theUK. The last group were the Normans. They conquered England after the well-known Battle of Hastings in the11th century. They had castles built all around England, and made changes to the legal system. The Normans were French, so many French words slowly entered into the English language.

英国有着悠久而有趣的历史可供探索，这可以帮助你进一步了解这个国家及其传统。在英国的几乎所有地方，你都发现有四批不同的人在整个历史的不同时期占据政权的痕迹。第一批是罗马人，出现于公元一世纪。他们的一些伟大成就包括修建城镇和道路。接下来，盎格鲁—撒克逊人于公元5世纪到来。他们创造了英语的起源，并改变了人们建造房屋的方式。维京人于公元8世纪到来，留下了许多新词汇，同时也留下了英国各地的地名。最后一批是诺曼人。他们在11世纪著名的黑斯廷斯战役后征服了英格兰。他们在英格兰各地建造了城堡，并对法律制度进行了修改。诺曼人是法国人，因此英语中慢慢加入了许多法语单词。

There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom. Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable. The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times. There are countless historic sites to explore, and lots of museums with ancient relics from all over the UK. The UK is a fascinating mix of history and modern culture, with both new and old traditions. If you keep your eyes open, you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.

关于英国有趣的历史和文化，还有更多的东西需要学习。研究国家的历史将使你的旅行更加愉快。首都伦敦是一个很好的起点，因为它是一个古老的港口城市，其历史可以追溯到古罗马时代。这里有数不胜数的历史遗迹可供探索，还有许多的博物馆，博物馆里收藏着来自英国各地的古代文物。英国是历史与现代文化的完美结合，既有新传统也有旧传统。如果你留心观察，你会惊讶地发现你既可以看到它的过去，也可以看到它的现在。

Unit 4 History and Traditions 

Reading for Writing（P44）

BEAUTIFUL IRELAND AND ITS TRADITIONS

美丽的爱尔兰及其传统

Ireland’s beautiful countryside has always had a great influence on its people and traditions. The country has a long history of producing great writers and poets.Its beautiful countryside excites and inspires all, offering something for each of the senses. The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald IsIe” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes,with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle. And down by the sea, the roar of the ocean waves and cries of the seabirds make up the music ofthe coast. On a quiet morning in the mountains, feel the sun on your skin, and breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day with their morning song. With all this beauty, it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music, dancing, and dining. To have a chance of experiencing this, stop by a village pub and relax with a glass of wine or alocal beer. Betteryet, enjoy a delicious traditional Irish Beef Stew. If you’re lucky, you might be able to enjoy some traditional music and dancing, too. And if you introduce yourself to a friendly face, you are more than likely to experience local culture and customs first-hand.

爱尔兰美丽的乡村一直对其人民和传统产生巨大的影响。这个国家有培养杰出作家和诗人的悠久历史。它美丽的乡村激发并启发了所有人，为每个人的感官提供了某种东西。“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。在海边，海浪的咆哮声和海鸟的啼叫声构成了海岸的音乐。在山区一个宁静的早晨，你可以感受到阳光照在你的皮肤上，呼吸着鲜花的芬芳，鸟儿用早晨的歌声来迎接新的一天。拥有如此美丽的美景，爱尔兰延续包括音乐、舞蹈和餐饮在内的强大传统也就不足为奇了。为了有机会体验到这一点，可以在乡村酒吧停下来，然后喝上一杯葡萄酒或当地的啤酒放松一下。更好的是，享受美味的传统爱尔兰炖牛肉。如果幸运的话，你也许还可以欣赏到传统的音乐和舞蹈。如果你把自己介绍给一个友好的面孔，那么你更有可能亲身体验当地的文化和习俗。

Video Time

An Introduction to Historic London

必修二 Unit4词汇表

（词形、音标仅供参考，请以课本词汇表为准）

如发现错误，请留言更正。

Confucius [kənˈfjuʃəs] n. 孔子
mansion [ˈmænʃən] n. 公馆;宅第
cemetery [ˈsɛməˈtɛri] n. 墓地;公墓
philosophy [fəˈlɑsəfi] n. 哲学
descendant [dɪˈsɛndənt] n. 后裔;后代;子孙
individual [ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl] adj. 办单独的;个别的;n./个人
heel [hiːl] n. 足跟;(脚、袜子、鞋等的)后跟
Achilles’ / / heel （喻）（希腊神话）阿喀琉斯的脚跟，致命的弱点
kingdom [ˈkɪŋdəm] n. 王国;领域
chief [tʃi:f] adj. c最重要的;最高级别的;n./(公司或机构的)首领;酋长
puzzle [ˈpʌzl] n.谜;智力游戏;疑问; /vt. 迷惑;使困惑
nearby [ˌnɪrˈbaɪ] adj.附近的;邻近的; adv.在附近
join … to …把……和……连接或联结起来
break away (from sb./sth.) 脱离;背叛;逃脱
belong [bɪˈlɔŋ] vi. 应在(某处);适应
belong to 属于

as well as 同(一样也);和;还
currency [ˈkɜːrənsi] n. 通货;货币
military [ˈmɪlətɛri] adj. 军事的;军用的
defence [dɪˈfens] n. 防御;保卫
legal [ˈli:gl] adj. 法律的;合法的
surround [səˈraʊnd] vt. 包围;围绕
evidence [ˈɛvɪdəns] n. 证据；证明
achievement [əˈtʃi:vmənt] n. 成就;成绩;达到
location [ləʊˈkeiʃən] n. 地方；地点；位置
conquer [ˈkɑŋkɚ] vt. 占领；征服；控制
battle [ˈbætl] n./战斗；vt./vi. 搏斗；奋斗
port [pɔrt] n. 港口(城市)
fascinating [ˈfæsɪnetɪŋ] adj. 极有吸引力的；迷人的
keep your eyes open for 留意
charge [tʃɑrdʒ] n.收费；指控；主管；/vt. 收费；控告；充电
announce [əˈnaʊns] vt. 宣布；通知；声称
amount [əˈmaʊnt] n. 金额；数量
gallery [ˈgæləri] n. (艺术作品的)展览馆；画廊
approach [əˈprəʊtʃ] n./方法；途径；vt./接近；接洽；着手处理 vi. 靠近
ensure [ɪnˈʃʊr] vt. 保证；确保；担保
landscape [ˈlændˈskeip] n. 风景
generous [ˈdʒɛnərəs] adj. 慷慨的;大方的；丰富的
butter [ˈbʌtɚ] n.黄油；奶油 /vt. 涂奶油于
honey [ˈhʌni] n. 蜂蜜

ancestor [ˈænsɛstɚ] n. 祖宗;祖先
position [pəˈzɪʃən] n. 位置;姿态;职位
courtyard [ˈkɔrtjɑrd] n. 庭院;院子
snack [snæk] n. 点心;小吃
eager [ˈi:gɚ] adj. 热切的;渴望的
poet [ˈpəʊɪt] n.诗人
county [ˈkaʊnti] n. (英国、爱尔兰的)郡;(美国的)县
feast [fi:st] n. 盛宴;宴会;节日
roll [rəʊl] vt./vi. (使)翻滚;(使)滚动; n./卷(轴);翻滚
dot [dɑt] n.点;小(圆)点; /vt. 加点;遍布
cattle [ˈkætl] n. 牛
roar [rɔr] n./vi. 吼叫;咆哮
ocean [ˈəʊʃən] n. 大海;海洋
scent [sɛnt] n. 气味;气息
greet [ɡrit] vt. 问候;迎接
pub [pʌb] n. 酒吧;酒馆
wine [waɪn] n. 葡萄酒;果酒
beer [bɪr] n. (—杯)啤酒
stew [stuˌ stju] n.炖菜(有肉和蔬菜); vt & vi. 炖；煨
custom [ˈkʌstəm] n. 风俗;习俗;习惯
sensory [ˈsɛnsəri] adj. 感觉的;感官的
striking [ˈstraɪkɪŋ] adj.引人注目的;显著的
transition [trænˈzɪʃən] n. 过渡;转变;变迁
crowd [kraʊd] n.人群;一群人;民众;/vt. 挤满;使……拥挤
Wales [weɪlz] 威尔士 （英国）
Scotland [ˈskɒtlənd]英格兰（英国）
Northern Ireland [ˌnɔːðən ˈaɪələnd]北爱尔兰（英国）
Anglo-Saxon [ˌæŋɡləʊ ˈsæksn]盎格鲁-撒克逊人
Viking [ˈvaɪkɪŋ]维京人；北欧海盗
Norman [ˈnɔːmən]诺曼式的；诺曼人的
the Normans 诺曼人
Battle of Hastings 黑斯廷斯战役
Roman [ˈrəʊmən] adj. 古罗马的；罗马的 n.古罗马人；罗马市民
Van Gogh [væn gəʊ]梵高（荷兰画家）
the Emerald Isle 绿宝石岛（爱尔兰的别称）
Irish [ˈaɪrɪʃ] adj. 爱尔兰的；爱尔兰人（或语）的

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