[语法点津] 2021届高中英语语法专练：介词

小题专练：介词

考点说明：                           

介词在英语中比较活跃，然而在高考中直接考查介词的题不是很多。从高考试题可以看出，要掌握介词的基本用法，辨析相近、易混介词的用法；还要熟悉常用介词短语的含义，同时注意总结其与名词、形容词、副词、动词等搭配构成的短语的意思和用法。

考点透视

考点1 常用介词

（2020·全国I卷）The far side ofthe moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot of deepcraters(环形山), more so        the familiar near side.

【答案】than

【解析】考查介词。根据句子中more可知此处应该用比较级，故填than。

（2020·浙江卷1月）Thisaging of the population is driven        two factors.

【答案】by

【解析】考查介词。句意：人口老龄化是由两个因素造成的。表示“由；被”应用介词by。故填by。

【点拨】

一、常见介词辨析

1．表示时间的at，on和in

	意义	短语
at	表示某个时间点、时刻等	at midnight“在半夜”；at sunrise/sunset“在日出/日落”
on	表示在具体的日子或具体的某一天的上午、下午、晚上	on a rainy night“在一个雨夜”；on Christmas Eve“在平安夜”
in	表示在某段较长的时间内(如世纪、年代、月份等)或泛指上午、下午、晚上等	in December“在十二月”；in the morning“在上午”

2．表示时间的in和after

	意义	例句
in	表示“在……时间之内/之后”，所在的句子必须表示将来	He will be back in an  hour. 他一小时后就回来。
after	表示“在……时间之后”，通常“after＋时间段”与过去时连用，“after＋时间点”与将来时连用	He came back after an  hour. 他一小时后回来了。

3．表示方位的through，across和over

	意义	短语
through	表示“从……的内部穿过”	through the forest“从森林穿过”
across	表示“从……表面穿过”	across the desert“穿过沙漠”
over	表示“从……的上面越过”	jump over the fence“跨过篱笆墙”

4．表示方位的in，on和to

	意义	例句
in	表示“在……范围内”	Beijing lies in the  north of China. 北京位于中国北部。
on	表示“毗邻，接壤”	Mongolia，which lies on the north of China，is a beautiful country. 位于中国北部的蒙古，是一个美丽的国家。
to	表示“在……范围外”	Japan lies to the east  of China. 日本位于中国东部。

5．表示交通方式的by，on和in

	意义	短语
by	后可直接跟涉及和不涉及交通工具的名词，名词前不加冠词	by sea，by air，by bike，by car，by train
on/in	后跟交通工具时，名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语	on one's bike，in one's car

6．表示支持、反对的介词against和for

	意义	例句
against	意为“反对”，此外还表示“倚靠着；逆着；以……为背景”等	Are you for the  proposal or against it? 你支持这项提议还是反对？
for	表示“支持，赞成”，还可表示原因、目的等

考点2 介词的固定搭配

（2020·山东卷）Museums must compete        people’s spare time and money with otheramusements.

【答案】for

【解析】考查固定搭配。根据空格前的动词compete与空格后的people’s spare time and money，判断此处需用表“为……竞争”的动词短语compete for，故填for。

（2020·浙江卷7月）Some time after 10,000 BC, people made the first real attempt tocontrol the world they lived        ,through agriculture.

【答案】in

【解析】考查介词。句意：公元前10000年以后，人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。分析可知，“they lived _____”应是之前名词the world的定语从句，定语从句引导词被省略，可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语，即：they lived in the world，live in+名词，意为居住在某地。故填in。

（2020·全国II卷）Bamboo plants are associated        health, abundance and a happy home.

【答案】with

【解析】考查介词。be associated with为固定搭配，表示“与……相关”，故填with。

【点拨】

几组常见的介词固定搭配

1.与名词的搭配

at a time每次，一次

at a loss困惑，不知所措

at first sight乍一看

at table在吃饭

beyond description无法形容

beyond one's reach够不着

by accident/chance偶然

by mistake错误地

by the way顺便说    

by hand手工地

in advance在前头；事先，预先   

in charge主管，看管

in return作为回报  

in turn依次，转而

in shape健康状况良好                          

in the long run从长远来看

in trouble处于困境中                        

in time及时，迟早

on purpose故意地  

on holiday在度假

on time准时            

on average平均

on the contrary相反地

out of breath/balance/date/control 上气不接下气/失去平衡/过时/失去控制

to one's surprise/astonishment令某人惊奇/吃惊的是

under construction/consideration/discussion在建设/考虑/讨论中

at the cost of以……为代价          

in honour of为了纪念……；为了表示敬意

in memory of为纪念……(对已逝的人)      

in place of代替

in support/favor of支持，支援                    

in addition to除……之外

in terms/view of鉴于，根据

for the sake of为了 

for the purpose of为了……的目的

for the benefit of为了……的利益

on account of由于                                        

on behalf of代表

on the way to在去……的路上                    

on the basis of以……为基础

by means of借助于                                      

the reason for……的原因

the approach to……的方法                          

a visit to到……的访问

the/a lack of缺乏……

2．与动词的搭配

answer for对……负责          

apply for申请

call at拜访(地点)                   

date from/back to追溯到

keep/prevent/stop sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做……       

protect...from保护……不受伤害

result from由于                     

suffer from遭受

approve of赞成                      

complain of抱怨

consist of...由……组成          

dream of梦到

think of想起；考虑到          

call on拜访(某人)

depend/rely on依靠               

result in/lead to导致

succeed in在……方面成功   

belong to属于

refer to谈到；涉及；查阅

3．与形容词的搭配

be ashamed of对……感到羞耻                   

be aware of知晓；意识到

be proud of以……为荣                                

be sure of对……有信心；确信

be tired of厌倦

be angry with sb.与某人生气

be familiar with sth.熟悉……                       

be familiar to sb.为某人所熟悉

be patient with对……有耐心                      

be pleased/satisfied with对……满意

be popular with sb.受某人欢迎                    

be strict with sb.对某人严格

be addicted to对……上瘾；沉溺于            

be available to对……可用；可供……使用

be beneficial to对……有益处                     

be devoted to致力于，献身于

be similar to与……相似                              

be confident in对……有信心

be eager for渴望                                           

be absent from缺席

be anxious about/for忧虑，担心                 

be crazy about热衷；着迷

be curious about对……好奇                        

be particular about挑剔

be suitable for/to适合于

4．其他搭配

after all毕竟，终究                                      

ahead of (时间，空间)在……前面；领先

far from远非   

oncein a while偶尔

up to达到；由……决定                              

inspite of尽管；虽然

考点突破

一、单句语法填空

1．________ summary, I think the movie is moving,interesting, and worth spending time on.

2．As is well known, Dragon Boat Festival and the custom ofeating rice dumplings are unique ________ us Chinese.

3．So far we have done a lot to build a low­ carbon economy,but it isfar  ________ satisfactory.

4．Our product is popular abroad.There is practically noother product superior ________ ours in quality.

5．When a writer finishes his writing or a doctorsuccessfully operates on a patient or a teacher sees his students grow, theyare happy ________ words.

6．Most English teachers maintain a young and gentle heartand appear younger than teachers ________ their own age.

7．The key ________ successful small talk is learning how toconnect with others, not just communicate with them.

8．Butterflies feed ________ a sweet liquid produced byflowers, which bees and other insects collect.

9．I don't know if this sounds bad, but why do Asianactresses always lookmore beautiful ________ the dress than the models?

10．Her old parents watched Mary until she disappeared fromsight ________the distance.

11.We should talk about the things ____________ thechildren's understanding in a simple way.

12.You should fly your kite ____________ the wind，or it cannot flyhigh.

13.In some cases, different approaches ____________ thesame scientific problem lead to conflicting theories.

14.___________that special night, all the Senior 3students stood in the corridors(走廊) and looked down at the youngerstudents below.

15.Many local residents welcome the shared bikes____________ the flexibility and freedom they offer.

16.Calligraphy, ____________ a mirror, is a silentreflection of the soul.

17.During my first year in China, I spent the summerholiday ____________ my family at the seaside in Beidaihe.

18.The English spoken in England between about AD 450 and1150 was very different  ___________ the modern English we speak today.

19.Plastic waste and algae （藻类；海藻）on the water giveoff a smell very similar ____________the krill(磷虾) that many seabirds feed on.

20.The words of the poems werefull  ____________ encouragement and positive energy, and showed anuncommon open－mindedness among women at that time.

21.The Great Wall stretches ____________ Dandong in theeast to Lop Nur in the west, along the southern edge of Inner Mongolia.

22.The country's industrial economy has maintained steadyand sound growth thanks  ____________ the Made in China 2025 strategy.

23.We know the British have a love affair with drinkingtea, ____________ more than 160 million cups drunk every day.

24.The Water－Splashing Festival is also aculturalbridge ____________ Xishuangbanna and Southeast Asian countries that share thesame festival culture of water－splashing.

25.____________ Monday she gave each student his or herlist.

26.In this fast－changing and competitive world,manypeople are ____________ heavy pressure.

27.She says it's important to wake up ____________ thesame time every day.

28.As we all know, Hangzhou, a beautiful city, won thebid ____________ September16th, 2015.

二、语法填空

There are many festivalsin Guizhou Province. One of themis Dong New Year, 1.____________ falls in theeleventh lunar month after the harvest. In some villages, the festival 2.___________ (take) place in the tenth month. Dong New Year is as 3.____________(importance) as the Spring Festival.In the days 4.______________(lead) up to the New Year, the Dong people make newclothes,clean their houses, and make rice cakes. 5.____________ the eve of theNewYear, they prepare“colddish”with bean curd and homemade vinegar. It 6.______________(give) as an offering to one's ancestors. Dong New Year is 7.______________(usual)celebrated in many Dong villages in the area ofRongjiang in Guizhou Province.The exact date varies but falls during the period late October to early November.Public 8.____________(celebration) include the Lusheng Festival and waterbuffalo fighting.

Another one, Miao SistersFestival, is celebrated from the15th to the 17th day of the third lunar monthcalendar, when9.______________(marry) women make a return to the homes oftheir mothers. Athome, they prepare and eat 10.____________ special kind offood, black ricecake. When they return to their own homes, they bring withthem some of it andgive it to their husbands as gifts. 

答案及解析

(点击空白处查看内容)

▼

1. in  

2. to  

3. from 

4. to 

5. beyond 

6. of 

7. to 

8. on  

9. in  

10.in 

11. beyond 

12. against  

13. to/towards  

14. On 

15. for   

16. like  

17. with 

18. from 

19. to 

20. of 

21. from 

22. to 

23. with 

24. between 

25. On 

26. under 

27. at 

28. on

1.which      

2.takes    

3.important    

4.leading    

5.On

6.is given     

7.usually  

8.celebrations   

9.married   

10.a

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