高中英语考纲3500词之核心词汇专项训练（4）
高考英语核心词汇拓展 Day 4
61. associate /ə'səʊʃɪeɪt; -sɪeɪt/ v. 把…联想/系起来；结交；n. 合伙人
【拓展】
associate with 与…交往,联系；跟……交友
associate…with把…与…联系在一起
associated a. 联系的，有关的
beassociated with与……相联系
association n. 联想/系；关联；交往；协会，联盟
in association with与……联合，与……有关
类推：
1. connect A with B 把A和B联系起来
connect A to /with B 把A和B连接起来
be connected with/to与…相连接
be connected with与…相联系/关联
2. relate A with /to B 将A和B从思想上或意义上联系起来
be related to与…有关（联）
3. combine A with/and B把A、B结合起来
4. join A to/and B 把A、B连接起来
5. link A with/and B 将A、B联系/联想起来, 将A、B连接起来。
6. be concerned with与……有关，涉及
【例句】 Poets associate roses with love. 诗人把玫瑰与爱情联系在一起。
【串记】 The poor boy associates with some bad guys, but his failure isn’t associated with his association with them. However, his parents associate the failure with it. 这个可怜的男孩与一些坏人交往，但他的失败与他与他们的交往无关。然而他的父母把失败与之联系在一起。
62. astonish /ə'stɒnɪʃ/ v. 使大为惊讶，使惊骇(近surprise/amaze)
【拓展】
(1) astonished adj. 感到惊讶的，吃惊的
be astonished to do sth. 对做某事感到惊讶
be astonished at/by sth. 对某事感到惊讶
(2) astonishing adj. 令人惊讶的
(3) astonishment n. 惊骇；令人惊讶的事物
to one’s astonishment令人惊讶的是
in astonishment 惊讶/奇地
【例句】①I was astonished at/by the news that twelve Chinese crew were kidnapped and killed in Thailand.我对中国的12名船员在泰国被绑架杀害的消息感到震惊。
②“It is you that broke the window？” the teacher asked and looked at the shy boy in astonishment.“是你打碎的玻璃窗？”老师惊奇地看着并问羞怯的小男孩。
③To my astonishment, she remembered my name.
让我吃惊的是，她竟然记得我的名字。
【点津】 “to one's＋n.”结构在句中作插入语，当表示“令某人感到非常……的是……”时，可用“to one's great＋n.”或“much to one's ＋n.”来表示。
【串记】To our astonishment,the boss wasn't_
astonished_at the astonishing news that our team lost the match. And we all looked at him in_astonishment.
使我们吃惊的是，老板对于我们队比赛失败的令人震惊的消息并不感到惊奇。我们都吃惊地看着他。
63. attach /ə'tætʃ/ v. 系，贴，连接；附加/属
【拓展】
attach sth. to sth. 把某物系/贴到某物上
attach oneself to sb./sth. 依附于某人；参加某事
attach importance/significance to 认为……重要/有意义
attached a. 依附的；爱/依恋的
be attached to 依恋；爱慕；留恋；附属于
attachment n. 依附；附属物；依恋，爱慕
【例句】①You are required to attach an introduction to your innovation so that others can know how to use it.要求你们对自己的创意作品附上说明，以便其他人能够知道如何使用。
②Just as this sentence reveals, many of us teenagers attach much more importance to our phones than to our friends. 正像这句话所揭示的那样，我们很多年轻人重视手机远远超过了重视朋友。
③Why did you attach yourself to only one club when you want to learn more skills? 既然你想学习更多的技能为什么只参加了一个俱乐部？
【串记】This hospital is attached to a university and the government attaches importance to it. However, the doctors and nurses are not attached to it. 这家医院隶属于一所大学，政府非常重视。然而，医生和护士对它并无依恋。
attack / ə'tæk /vt.袭击；攻击；抨击；(疾病)侵袭n.攻击；进攻；抨击；病情发作
【拓展】
(1)attack sb.for sth.由于某事而责难某人
attack sb.with sth. 用某物攻击某人
be attacked with a disease 患病
(2)launch/make an attack on/upon ...对……发动进攻
under attack 受到攻击
【例句】①The computer attacked by some unknown virus can't work well now. 被一些未知病毒攻击的计算机现在不能正常工作。
②Many people made an attack on/upon the government's policies. 许多人抨击政府的政策。
③The government has come under attack for not doing enough to deal with terrorism.政府由于在反恐方面没有做出足够的努力而受到攻击。
64. attempt /ə'tem(p)t/ vt. & n. 试/企图，尝试；努力(同try)
【拓展】(1)attempt to do...尝试(试图)做……
(2)make an attempt to do/(at) doing...尝试做……
at the first attempt第一次尝试
(3)attempted adj. (只位于名词前)企图的，未遂的
【例句】①Don’t attempt to do more than you can
realistically accomplish in 90 days. 不要试图在90天内完成你实际上不可能完成的事情。
② She made an attempt to leave/at leaving for camping with her classmates but was stopped by her parents.她试图和她的同学动身去野营，但被她的父母拦住了。
【串记】 In an attempt to support himself, he made an attempt to take up a part-time job. After the failure of some attempts, he made no more attempt. 为了养活自己，他试图做一份兼职工作。在一些尝试失败后，他不再尝试了。
65. attend /ə'tend/ v. 看护，照料，服侍；出席，参加；上(学、课等)
【拓展】
(1)attend on/upon 服侍，照料
attend to 照顾；处理，对付；注意；关心
(2)attend school/church 上学/去教堂(名词前无冠词)
attend a meeting/lecture 出席会议/听演讲
attend a wedding/funeral 参加婚礼/葬礼
(3)attendance n. 出席/勤；出席人数
attendant n. 服务员，伺者；随从
【例句】①I can't go out with you tonight because I have an urgent thing to attend to.今晚我不能与你一起外出，因为我有一件急事要处理。
②She was praised for having attended on/upon her sick motherinlaw for over thirty years.她伺候生病的婆婆三十多年，受到人们的称赞。
③You know, my uncle Li Ming is going to the city where you live to attend an international meeting.
你知道，我的叔叔李明要去你居住的城市参加一个国际会议。
【点津】 attend to作“处理”讲时，与do/deal with近义；作“照顾”讲时，与take care of, look after近义。
【串记】Attending a lecture, you should attend to what the lecturer says. And your grades will be assessed according to your attendance. 听讲座时，你应该注意听讲人讲的话。你的成绩将根据你的出勤率来评定。
66. attention /ə'tenʃ(ə)n/ n. 注意，专心；关心，照料
【拓展】
attract/draw /catch one's attention 引起某人的注意
bring ...to one's attention ＝ call one's attention to ...
使某人注意……
devote one's attention to ... 把注意力放在……
fix/focus/concentrate one's attention on/upon ...注意力集中在……
keep/hold one’s attention 保持某人的注意力
pay attention to ... 注意……
turn one's attention to ...将某人的注意力转向……
attentive a. 注意的，留/专心的
attentively ad. 专注地
【例句】①Recently, the media have been focusing/fixing/concentrating their attention on/upon the rising petrol price. 近来，媒体一直在关注汽油价格上涨问题。
②As soon as the project came up at the meeting, it attracted many people's attention.这个项目在会议上一提出来就吸引了很多人的注意。
【串记】It is easy to draw a child’s attention, but is hard to hold his or her attention. We must pay attention to developing his or her attentiveness. 吸引孩子的注意力很容易，但要抓住他或她的注意力却很难。我们必须注意培养他或她的注意力。
67. attitude /'ætɪtjuːd/ n. 态度；看法
【拓展】
attitude to/towards ...对……的态度/看法
have/take a positive/negative attitude to/towards ...
对……持肯定/否定的态度
take/adopt a(n) ...attitude 采取……的态度
in a(n)...attitude以……态度
【例句】①Age has ripened his attitude to/towards some things.随着年龄的增长，他对某些事情的看法日趋成熟。
②In contrast, people who have/take a negative attitude towards/to life have buried the ability to see opportunities.相对而言，对生活持否定态度的人已埋没了看到机会的能力。
③The photograph has caught him in the attitude of prayer. 这张照片使他以祈祷的态度流行起来。
【串记】Attitudes to work vary from person to person. Some have a positive attitude to it, while others take a negative attitude towards it. Different attitudes lead to different results. 对工作的态度因人而异。有些人对此持积极态度，而另一些人则持消极态度。不同的态度导致不同的结果。
68. attract /ə'trækt/ v. 吸引，引起(……的兴趣)
【拓展】
(1)attract one's attention吸引某人的注意力
attract sb. to sb./sth. 引起某人对某人/某物的注意
(2)attractive adj. 吸引人的；迷人的，有魅力的
be attractive to 对……有吸引力
(3)attraction n [U]吸引(力)；[C]具有吸引力的人/物
have no attraction for sb. 对某人没有吸引力
【例句】①What first attracted me to him was his sense of humor.他首先吸引我的是他的幽默感。
②Mount Tai is attractive to tourists for its beautiful scenery and historical sites.泰山的风景名胜和历史古迹对旅游者很有吸引力。
①The Forbidden City attracts a constant stream of visitors every day, especially during national holidays.紫禁城每天都吸引着络绎不绝的游客，特别是在国庆节期间。
【串记】The attractive applicant makes full use of her attraction in an effort to get the job which is attractive to her. 具有吸引力的求职者充分利用自己的吸引力，努力得到对自己有吸引力的工作。
69. average /'æv(ə)rɪdʒ/ a. 平均的；普通的；n. 平均数；一般水平
【拓展】
an average of平均有(后跟数词)……
the average of...……的平均数
up to the average达到平均水平
on (an/the) average平均；一般地
【例句】①Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving licence reached 200,000, an average of40,000 per year．去年毕业时有驾照的学生数量已达到20万，平均每年4万。
②It is shown that men have twice as many serious accidents as women do on average while driving according to recent statistics．据最近的研究表明，男性在开车时发生的严重事故平均是女性的两倍。
【串记】Attendant is an average job. Their pay is 2000 dollars on average. 服务员是一份普通的工作。他们的平均工资是2000美元。
【点津】“an average of＋复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数；“the average of＋复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。
70. avoid /ə'vɒɪd/ v. 避免，躲开，逃避
【拓展】
avoid doing sth. 避免做某事
avoidable a. 可以避免的 (反unavoidable)
avoidance n. 避免，逃避；废止
【例句】He dislikes her and often avoids being met by her in any occasion．他不喜欢她，经常避免在任何场合遇见她。
【串记】All motorists should avoid driving after drinking. If so, most accidents are avoidable. 所有驾车者应避免酒后驾驶。如果是这样，大多数事故都是可以避免的。
易错点拨
(1)avoid后接动词时要用动名词，不接不定式，且后不接that从句。
(2)avoid通常指“成功地避免”，如果表示“企图避免”，应用try to avoid。
71. award /ə'wɔːd/ n. 奖品/金/状，奖励；v. 授予
【拓展】
award sth. to sb. ＝award sb. sth.
把某物颁发给某人
win/receive/get an award for...
因……而赢得/得到/获得奖项
【例句】①The gold medal will be awarded to whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race. 金牌将颁发给在自行车比赛中获得第一名的人。
②She won an award for her outstanding performance. 她因出色的表现而获奖。
【串记】After being awarded, he announced “So at this lovely night, I get the award, they own the hon-or. ” 获奖之后，他宣布因此在这个可爱的夜晚，我获得了这个奖项，而荣誉属于他们。
【点津】
(1)要表示多少奖金，通常用“an award of＋钱数”。
(2)表示“授予”时可接双宾语。
【辨析】award/reward/prize
award v. & n.奖品；奖励(重在重大贡献)；reward v. & n. 奖赏，报酬(重在指回报)；prize n. 奖品/金（指在竞争/竞赛中或重大贡献获得的奖）。
72. aware /ə'weə/ a. 知道的；意识到的 (反unaware)
【拓展】
be aware of 知道，意识到，觉察到
be aware that 从句 知道
awareness n. 意/认识; 明白，知道
raise the awareness of 提高…的意识
【例句】①She was not aware of her danger.她没有意识到危险。
②Are you aware that this is China's internal affair?你知道不知道，这是中国内政?
③We are not aware how long he has stayed here．我们不知道他在这里呆了多久了。
【串记】Many people are still not aware of the association between smoking and lung cancer. Something must be done to raise their awareness of risk of health. 许多人仍然不知道吸烟和肺癌之间的联系。必须采取措施提高他们对健康风险的认识。
73. back /bæk/ ad. 回（原处）；向后；a. 后面的；n. 背后，后部；背；v. 后退；支持
【拓展】
at the back of在……背后，在……后面
in the back of在……的后部(同behind)
back and forth来回，往返；援助
back down放弃；让步；退却
back off退出；不坚持
back up支持；向后退，倒退
keep sb．back阻止某人向前
keep sth．back留下，保留；隐瞒，不告诉
background n. 背景
backpack n. 背包
backstage n. 后台，在/向后台
backward a. & ad. 向后(的) (反forward)；落后的
backwards ad. 向后
【例句】 He walked back and forth, with the hands behind his back, looking very annoyed. 他来回走着，双手放在背后，看上去很生气。
【串记】 A boy sitting at the back of the room rose and put his backpack on his back. Walking out to the hill in back of the house. Nobody knew anything about his background except that he is from a backward village. 坐在房间后面的一个男孩站起来，把背包背在背上。走到房子后面的山上。除了知道他来自一个了落后的山村以外没有人知道他的背景。
74. bad /bæd/ a. 坏的；劣质的(反good)；严重的
【拓展】
be bad for对…不利；对…有害
be bad at 不善于，不擅长
go bad 变坏，开始腐坏
go from bad to worse 每况愈下，越来越糟
badly ad. 非常，很；严重地，厉害地；恶劣地
badly off潦倒的(反well-off)
【例句】 Shy people are bad at associating with others. 害羞的人不善于与人交往。
【串记】 The food has gone bad. It will be bad for our health if we eat it. The condition of the fridge is going from bad to worse. It needs repairing badly. 食物变坏了。如果我们吃它会对我们的健康有害。冰箱的状况越来越糟了。它急需修理。
75. balance /'bæl(ə)ns/ n. 平衡；余额; v. (使)平衡；结算；使相称
【拓展】
(1)the balance of nature自然平衡
keep/lose/break the balance 保持/失去/打破平衡
on balance 总的来说
(2)balance ...against ... 把……与……进行权衡
balance ... with ... 使……与……平衡
(3)balanced adj. 平衡的
keep a balanced diet 保持饮食均衡
【例句】①So I suggest you should keep the balance between your study and entertainment, such as doing sports, listening to music and so on.因此，我建议你应该保持学习和娱乐之间的平衡，如做运动、听音乐等。
②Many people have come to realize that they should keep a balanced diet.许多人开始认识到他们应该保持饮食均衡。
【串记】 Even if you have no balance in the bank card, you should have a balanced diet, you should eat
fruit every day, and eat more vegetables. If you lose your balance, you will fall ill. 即使你的银行卡上没有余额，你也应该有一个平衡的饮食，你应该每天吃水果，多吃蔬菜。如果你失去平衡，你就会生病。
76. ban /bæn/ v. 禁止，取缔；n. 禁止/令/忌
【拓展】
the ban on (doing) sth. 对(做)某事的禁令
ban … from doing sth. 禁止…做某事
lift(remove)the ban解禁
place (put)under a ban禁止
【例句】Weshould ban smoking not only in public,
but alsoat home. 我们不仅要在公共场合禁烟，在家里也要禁止吸烟。
【串记】The ban which bans women from working outside shall be lifted. 禁止妇女外出工作的禁令应予解除。
类推 prevent/stop/keep sb./sth. from doing sth.
77. base /beɪs/ n. 基部/础/地；v. 以…为基地
【拓展】base A on B 让A以B为基础，把A建立在B上
be based on 以…为基础
be based in 位于，总部设在
at the base of 在……底部
basement n. 地下室，地窖
basic a. 基础/本的
basically ad. 基本上，主要地
basis n. 基础；根据
on the basis of以…为基础/根据
【例句】①We must base ourselves on the interests of the people.我们一定要从人民的利益出发。
②I found a small leaf at the base of the flower.我在那朵花的底部发现一片小叶。
③This novel is based on historical facts.这部小说是以历史事实为根据的。
【串记】Our company, which is based on the idea that the customer is God, is based in the downtown. It is expensive there. Some clerks sleep in the basement.
我们公司的总部设在市中心，以“顾客就是上帝”的理念为基础。那里很贵。一些职员睡在地下室。
78. bath /bɑːθ/ n. 沐浴；浴室/盆
【拓展】
have/take a bath 洗澡 |
· bathe /beɪð/ v. 沐浴，洗澡 bathroom n. 浴室；厕所；盥洗室 bathtub(tub) n. 浴缸；浴/澡盆 |
【例句】In summer, you should bathe your cat once
every day. 在夏天，你应该每天给你的猫洗一次澡。
【串记】The bathtub is nice but the bathroom is under repair, so we can’t have a bath indoor. But you can bathe in the river below. 浴缸很好，但是浴室正在修理，所以我们不能在室内洗澡。但是你可以在下面的河里洗澡。
79. bear /beə/ (bore, borne) v. 忍受；容忍(同stand)；承受，承担；生育(同give birth to) ；具有；n. 熊
【拓展】bear…in mind/bear in mind that从句 把…牢记
bear responsibilities 承担责任
can’t bear to do/doing sth. 不能容忍做某事
can’t bear sb. doing sth. 不能容忍某人做某事
【例句】I can't bear young people casting away their youth.我无法忍受年轻人虚掷青春。
I'll bear your advice in my mind.我要把你的劝告记在心里。
【串记】Uncle Tom volunteers to bear the responsibility of protecting the bear that has borne four babies. He can’t bear hunters hunting them. 汤姆叔叔自愿承担起保护那只生了四个孩子的熊的责任。他不能忍受猎人捕猎他们。80. beauty /'bjuːtɪ/ [U] 美，美丽；[C]美人；美好的事物
【拓展】beautiful a. 美丽的；迷人的；出色的
beautiful flowers(music，scenery，weather)美丽的花朵(悦耳的音乐、优美的风景、宜人的天气)
the true，the good and the beautifuI真善美
beautify v. (使)美化，(使)变美
【例句】The tourists are attached to the beauty of nature. 旅游者被大自然的美所吸引。
【串记】It is human nature to love beauty, so everyone wants to look beautiful. But when a girl attempts to beautify herself, her beauty must be based on health and safety. 爱美是人类的天性，所以每个人都想看起来漂亮。
【趁热打铁】
一、语法填空。
1. The chairmanappointed his attendant president of the (associate).
2. All of us can’t bear people (spit) in public places, especially in hospitals and libraries.
3. The grows small plants and buys artificial flowers in an attempt to (beauty) the bedroom.
4. The disaster increased our (aware) of the power of nature.
5. Failureis (avoid) in our daily life though we all long for success in everything we do.
6. Youdo not have to be (attract) person in the world to be incredibly sexy.
7. Much tomy (astonish), she still remembered my name!
8. Moneyis just an (attach), not the final destination.
9. Tomand Huck are astonished (realize) they have witnessed a murder.
10. Doctors are trained to do everything to keep a patient alive, and they associate death failure.
二、单句改错。
1. Luckily,the attendant was not bad hurt in the traffic accident. It should have been avoided.
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2. Ilike her, not because of her career success, but because of her ofto attitude toward life.
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3. Weall listened very attentive, and only occasionally somebody put in a word.
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4. Asyou can see, if you are working outside, you can not avoid associate with others.
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5. Yourluggage has been sent for. You just take a bathe and a good rest.
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6. The law bans humans from teat animals badly.
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7. Thosekids in the back of the class are all loafers. They never study or do anything.
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8. Therefore, people should be aware of the best gift to children is not money, but an independent personality.
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9. Overthe decades, daily handwriting lessons have decreased from aan average of 30 minutes to 15.
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10. Businessesmust attach importance to build up long association with customers.
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三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。
1. How much do you spend on beauty products (平均) every month?
2. The lights-out event is part of Earth Hour, an effort to (引起人们注意) climate change.
3. He reached this conclusion (基于) the experimental data.
4.A job interview is beneficial to both the employer and the employee so they should (重视) it.
5. The union leaders will meet tomorrow (企图) arrive at an agreement.
四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
1. 你们的价格应该是基于我们的客户群的实际情况。(be based on)
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2. 我们希望情况有所改善，但是情况确是越来越糟。(gofrom bad to worse)
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3. 这所中学隶属于一所大学。(beattached to)
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4. 我不知道女性为什么应该和弱势联系在一起。(beassociated with)
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5. 我们应该共同肩负着沉重的责任。(bear responsibilities)
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【答案】
一、语法填空。
1. association 2. spitting 3. beautify 4. awareness 5. unavoidable 6. the most attractive 7. astonishment 8. attachment 9. to realize 10. with/and
二、单句改错。
1. bad→badly 2. of→to/attitude 3. attentive→attentively 4. associate→associating 5. bathe→bath 6. teat→treating 7. 在in 和 back之间加the 8. of→that或去掉of 9. a→an 10. build→building
三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。
1. on average 2. call attention to 3. on the basis of 4. attach importance to 5. in an attempt to
四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
1. Yourprice should be based on the actual situation of our customers.
2. Weare hoping for an improvement but things have gone from bad to worse.
3. Themiddle school is attached to a university.
4. Idon't know why women should be associated with weakness.
5. Weshould bear heavy responsibilities on our shoulders.
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