高中英语考纲3500词之核心词汇专项训练（10）
高考英语核心词汇拓展 Day 10
181. damage /'dæmɪdʒ/ n. & vt. 毁坏，损害(同harm)
【拓展】
do/cause damage to 对…造成损害/坏
What’s the damage? (口)要付多少钱呢?
damage one's reputation(house)毁坏名誉(房屋)
damages n. 赔偿金
【例句】Your behavior may damage your image. 你的行为可能会损害你的形象。
【串记】I did some damage to the desk, and they made me pay for the damage. The damages were as much as 100 yuan. 我把桌子弄坏了，他们让我赔偿损失。损失高达100元。
【辨析】damage/harm/destroy/ruin
damage v. & n. 损坏, 损害(可修复)；
harm v. &. n. 伤害，损害(可修复)；
destroy 毁坏 (突然、彻底地，不可修复)；
ruin v.& n. 毁灭/坏 (逐渐地，强调使丧失功用或降低价值，不强调物理上的破坏)。
182. danger /ˈdeɪndʒə(r) / n. 危险(性)；危险的人/物
【拓展】
in danger陷于危险之中
be in danger of有……的危险
out of danger脱离危险
dangerous a. 危险的
endanger vt. 危及; 使遭到危险
endangered a. 濒临灭绝的; 有生命危险的
【例句】This river is in danger of being polluted．这条河有被污染的危险。
【串记】Some dangerous animal are endangered
because of climate change or overhunting. Humans should do something to make them him out of danger. 一些危险的动物因为气候变化或过度捕猎而濒临灭绝。人类应该做些什么让自己脱离危险。
183. date /deɪt/ vi.始于(某一历史时期) vt.确定……的年代；注明日期于n.日期；约会；枣
【拓展】
(1)date from/back to起源于；追溯到……
(2)set a date for 确定……的日期
out of date 过时的
up to date 现代的；最新的
【例句】①This temple has a long history dating from the early period of the Tang Dynasty.这座寺庙历史悠久，可以追溯到初唐时期。
②The clothes look up to date now, but they will soon be out of date.这些衣服现在看起来时尚，但不久就会过时。
【点津】date from/back to常指以“现在”为起点向前推，故在句中作谓语时，常用一般现在时。它们没有进行时态，也没有被动形式。故它们用作定语时，要用现在分词形式。
【串记】The system which dates back to the 1990s is out of date. If an expert upgrades it, it will be up to date. 这个可以追溯到20世纪90年代的系统已经过时了。如果专家升级它，它将是最新的。
【形近区分】data 数据(datum的复数)
184. deal /diːl/ (dealt,dealt)n. 量，数额；交易(同trade)；v. 处理；做生意
【拓展】
deal in 经营，买卖(同trade in)
deal with处理，论述，涉及；对待，安排
a great(good)deal大量，许多
a good〔great〕deal 很多,相当多(修饰不可数名词)
dealer n. 商人，经销商
【例句】①The question will soon be dealt with．这个问题很快就会得到处理。
②He is difficult to deal with．他是个很难相处人。
③She spent a great deal of money on new clothes.她花了许多钱购买新衣服。
【串记】The dealer dealt in rice before. She bought a great deal of rice from farmers and sold it to supermarkets. She dealt with all sorts of people and dealt with all kinds of problems. 这个商人以前经营大米。她从农民那里买了很多大米，卖给了超市。她和各种各样的人打交道，处理各种各样的问题。
185. debate n. & v. 辩/讨/争论；辩论会
【拓展】
(1) debate on/about/over ... 就……辩论
debate about sth. with sb. 和某人就某事辩论
(2) under debate正在讨论中
hold a debate 行讨论
There is a fierce/heated debate on/over/about sth. 关于某事有激烈的争论。
【例句】①We must debate about the question with the rest of the members.我们必须和其他会员讨论这个问题
②There is a heated debate on/over/about whether women should spend more time in the home.对妇女是否应该花更多时间待在家里有一场热烈的争论。
③It has been reported that the country's healthcare reform is still under debate. 据报道这个国家的医疗改革仍然在讨论中。
【串记】The two groups of students debated over whether students can carry cell phones at school. The debate lasted two hours and made a deep impression on the audience. 两组学生就学生是否可以在学校携带手机展开了辩论。这场辩论持续了两个小时，给观众留下了深刻的印象。
186. decide /dɪ'saɪd/ v. 决/选定；下决心
【拓展】
decide between 作出抉择
decide on〔upon〕就…作出决定,决定要
decide to do sth. 决定做某事
decided a. 明确的, 显然的; 坚决的，果断的
decision n. 决定/心/议；果断；抉择
make up a decision做出决定
come to decision做出决定
with decision断然
decisive a. 决定性的；果断的
【例句】①We must decide on a fit time and place
for the meeting. 我们必须决定在一个适当的时间和地点召开会议。
②We must decide between going home and staying at school during this winter vacation.我们必须决定寒假期间是回家还是留校。
【串记】The adventurers decided to abandon the arrangement at the decisive time though it was hard to make the decision. 冒险家们在决定性的时刻决定放弃这一安排，尽管很难做出决定。
187. declare /dɪ'kleə/ vt. 声明；断言；申报(纳税品等)
【拓展】
declare war on/against向……宣战
declare for/against 表示赞成/反对
declare sb.to be ... 宣布某人为……
declare ...open/closed 宣布……开始/结束
declare that ... 宣布……
declaration n. 宣布；公告；（纳税品等的）申报
【例句】①President Bush said if terrorists declared war on/against the United States, war would be what they got.布什总统说如果恐怖分子向美国宣战，那么他们得到的就是战争。
②The company declared that it would recall the machines under guarantee.这个公司宣布会召回那些在保修期内的机器。
【串记】The chairman declared the ceremony open. He declared the violent actions to be crimes. At last, he declared war on terrorism. His declaration was decisive. 主席宣布仪式开始。他宣布这些暴力行为是犯罪行为。最后，他向恐怖主义宣战。他的声明是决定性的。
decline [dɪ'klaɪn] n．& v．衰退；下降；减少；谢绝，婉拒
【拓展】
(1)be in decline 处于下降/衰退中
on the decline 在衰退；在没落中；在消减
(2)decline to do sth. 谢绝做某事
decline by/to 下降了/到
【例句】
①According to scientists, our mental abilities begin to decline from the age of 27 after reaching the highest level at 22.据科学家说，我们的思考能力在22岁达到顶峰之后，便从27岁开始下降。
②The officer at first declined to make a statement about this incident, but later she agreed under the pressure of public opinion.这位官员起初对这起事件拒绝发表声明，但是迫于公众的舆论压力她后来又同意了。
③The number of people who run the red light has been on the decline since the new traffic regulations came into effect. 自从新的交通法规实施以来，闯红灯的人数下降了。
【点津】表示“增加”或“减少”的幅度常用介词by；表示“增加到”或“减少到”常用介词to。
188. decrease /dɪ'kriːs/ n. & v. (使)减少；(使)减小(近decline，反increase)
【拓展】
decrease by/to 减少了/到 (同decline by/to)
on the decrease 在减少/小(同on the decline)
【例句】We increase the quantity but decrease the quality. 我们的数量提高了，品质却降低了。
【串记】The sales decreased by 20 percent last month. They have been on the decrease to date. It is a sharp decrease. If it goes on like this, they will decrease to 3000 items a month. 上个月的销售额下降了20%。到目前为止，他们一直在减少。这个下降很快。如果这样继续下去，他们将减少到每月3000件。
189. deep /diːp/ 深的(反shallow)；深深的，低沉的；深色的；深奥的(反shallow)；ad. 在深处，深深地
【拓展】
take a deep breath 深吸一口气，深呼吸
in a deep voice 用低沉的嗓音，声音低沉地
deep into the night一直到深夜
deepen vt. 使加深；使强烈；使低沉；vi. 变深; 变低沉
deeply ad. 深刻地; 浓浓地；低沉地
depth n. 深，深度/处
【例句】The researcher carried out an experiment deep into the night. 研究人员做实验一直到深夜。
【串记】The well has a depth of 5 meters. It is not deep enough. We’ll have to deepen the well if we
want more water. 这口井有5米深, 不够深。如果我们想要更多的水，就必须把井挖深。
190. defend /dɪ'fend/ vt. 防守/卫；保卫；为…辩护
【拓展】
(1)defend sb./sth.(from/against ...)保护某人/某物(免遭……)
defend oneself 自卫；为自己辩护
(2)defence n. 防卫，防守；辩护
in defence of 为了保卫；为……辩护
in sb.'s/sth.'s defence 为……辩护；在……的防备下
defender n. 防卫者，守卫者; 辩护者; 卫冕者
【例句】①They needed more troops to defend the border against possible attack.他们需要更多的部队来保卫边境免受可能的攻击。
②Some think that students should be trained to defend themselves against/from some attacks.有些人认为应该训练学生保护自己免遭一些攻击。
③All the people, men and women, young and old, were fighting against the flood in defence of their own homes.所有的人，无论男女老少，都在与洪水作斗争，保卫自己的家园。
【串记】We must defend our country from attack outside. We need to strengthen our national defence. 我们必须保卫我们的国家不受外来的攻击。我们需要加强国防。
191. degree /dɪ'griː/ n. 度，度数；程度(同extent)；学位
【拓展】
by degrees逐渐地，渐渐地
in a degree稍微
to a certain degree到某种程度
get/earn/receive a degree in 获得…的学位
【例句】①He received his degree in arts from that university. 他在那所大学得到他的文科学位。
②What you said is right to a certain degree．从某种程度上讲，你讲的是对的。
【串记】My cousin studied at 30 degrees Celsius. To some degree, he earned his degree in science like hell. 我堂兄在30摄氏度下学习。在某种程度上，他拼了命获得了理学学位。
192. delay /dɪ'leɪ/ v. & n. 拖延，延误/迟/期(同put off)；耽搁
【拓展】
delay doing sth. 延误做某事
without delay 立即，毫不延迟
【例句】We decided to delay our wedding until next year.我们决定把婚礼推迟到明年。
【串记】The defenders delayed starting out. They should have set out without delay. 防守队员推迟出发。他们本应该立即出发的。
【辨析】delay指因受阻或暂时耽误而延迟；postpone一般指改期，指出推迟到某一确定
时间；put off一般用词，常用于口语中。
193. delight /dɪ'laɪt/ v. (使)高兴；n. 快乐(同joy)；使人高兴的东西(或人)
【拓展】
(1) delight sb. with sth. 用某物使某人高兴
(2)delighted adj.高兴的；快乐的
be delighted at/with/by对……感到高兴
be delighted to do sth. 很高兴做某事
(3)delight n．& vt. (使)高兴
to one's delight＝to the delight of sb.令某人高兴的是
take delight in 喜欢；嗜好
in/with delight 兴高采烈地
delightful 令人高兴/快乐的；可爱的
【例句】①I am very delighted to tell you something about the College Entrance Examination.我非常高兴地向你讲述关于我高考的事。
②To my delight, I was chosen from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.令我高兴的是，我从几百位申请者中被选出来参加开幕式。
【串记】I was delighted to join you. All the people sang and chatted with delight. What a delightful party! 我很高兴加入你们。所有的人都高兴地唱歌和聊天。多么愉快的聚会啊!
194. deliver vt.递送；发表（演讲）；交付；解救；生（孩子）；接生
【拓展】
deliver from(把某人)从…中解救出来
deliver of 表达(自己的观点)
deliver a baby/speech 接生婴儿/发表演讲
deliverance n．解救，释放；投递；正式意见
deliverer n．救出者，解救者；交付者
delivery n. 交付；分娩；递送
【例句】①The postman at last delivered the letter we had been waiting for.邮递员总算把我们盼望已久的信送到了。
②He delivered a lecture to the students.他给学生们作了一次讲座。
【串记】Because of former delay, the deliveryman promised to deliver without delay and the delivery would be free of charge . 由于之前的延误，送货员承诺不延误送货，并且送货是免费的。
195. demand /dɪ'mɑːnd/ vt. & n. 要求；需要
【拓展】
(1)demand sth. of sb. 向某人要某物
demand (of sb.) to do sth. 要求(某人)做某事
demand that sb. (should) do sth.要求某人做某事(that从句中用虚拟语气)
(2)in demand 需求；广受欢迎
meet/satisfy one's demand(s) 满足某人的需求
(3)demanding adj. 苛求的；费力的
【例句】①The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are in great demand in this city.《哈利·波特》系列图书很受欢迎，在这座城市的需求量很大。
②The head teacher demanded that we(should) clean the blackboard before every class.班主任要求我们每节课前要擦干净黑板。
【点津】“要求某人做某事”不能用demand sb. to do sth.表达，“要求做某事”可用demand to do sth.。
【串记】 Doctors are in demand but being trained to be a doctor is demanding. It demands long and hard learning, training and practicing. So my tutor demanded I should stick to my studies. 医生供不应求，但被训练成一名医生是很苛刻的。它需要长期艰苦的学习、训练和实践。所以我的导师要求我坚持学习。
196. depend /dɪ'pend/ vi. 依靠/赖，指望；取决于
【拓展】
depend on sb./sb.'s doing sth.depend on sb. to do sth. 依赖/指望某人做某事
depend on sb.for sth.指望/依赖某人得到某物
depend on/upon it that ... 相信/指望……
That depends./It all depends. 视情况而定。
dependent a.依赖/靠的；从属的 (反independent)
【例句】①I know we can depend on her to deal/dealing with the tough situation.我知道我们可以依赖她来应对这种棘手的形势。
②Don't worry. You can depend on/upon it that he'll turn up on time. He always keeps his promises.
别担心，你可以相信他会准时出现的，他总是信守诺言。
【点津】rely on, depend on/upon, see to 等词后用that 从句作宾语时，必须先用 it 作形式宾语。
【串记】Don’t depend on others. But it’s not absolute. That depends. Sometimes to a certain degree you can depend upon your parents and true friends on condition that you are independent. 不要依赖别人。但也不是绝对的。那得看情况。有时在一定程度上，你可以依靠你的父母和真正的朋友，条件是你是独立的。
197. depress /dɪ'pres/ 压/按；使沮丧/消沉；使萧条
【拓展】
depressing a. 让人压抑/郁闷的; 使人沮丧的
depressed a. 沮丧的; 萧条的; 压低的
depression n. 沮丧，消沉，抑郁；萧条
【例句】①Trade was depressed by the rise in oil prices．石油价格上涨使贸易不景气。
②He feels depressed．他闷闷不乐。
【串记】What really depresses me is not the depressing economic situation, but out depressed boss. I hope he can get out of the depression soon. 真正让我沮丧的不是低迷的经济形势，而是我们沮丧的老板。我希望他能尽快走出沮丧。
198. describe /dɪ'skraɪb/ vt. 描写/绘，叙述；说明
【拓展】
describe as 把…说成,把…称为
describe oneself as… 自称是……
describable a可描述的
describer n．叙述者，描写者
description n．说明，图解，描写
beyond description无法/难以形容
give(make)a description of记述，描述……的特征
【例句】The fireman was described as a true hero. 消防队员被描述为真正的英雄。
【串记】The writer describes the beauty as a flower. His description is vivid and interesting. But some say her beauty is beyond description. 作者把这位美女描述为一朵花。他的描述生动有趣。但有些人说她的美丽无法形容。在这次疫情中，医护人员被称为真正的英雄。
199. desert /'dezət/ n. 沙漠；/dɪ'zɜːt/ vt. 舍/遗/放弃(同abandon)
【拓展】
desert one's family 遗弃家庭
desert one's post 弃职
deserted a. 荒芜的；被抛/遗弃的
形近词：dessert a. (饭后)甜点
【例句】①Some of them died of thirst in the desert.他们中有些人在沙漠中渴死了。
②Never desert a friend in need.决不要抛弃有困难的朋友。
【串记】Some sick camels were deserted in the desert. Some others were abandoned in deserted farms. 一些病骆驼被遗弃在沙漠里。还有一些人被遗弃在废弃的农场里。
200. deserve /dɪ'zɜːv/ v. 应得/受；值得
【拓展】
(1)deserve to do值得做；应该做
deserve doing ＝ deserve to be done(某事)值得被做
(2 deserve well〔ill〕 of sb/sth. 应该受到某人〔某团体〕好的〔坏的〕待遇
【例句】①Maria is constantly making efforts; she deserves to achieve the goal of entering the key university.玛丽亚一直很努力，她应该实现进入重点大学的目标。
②It is those who are willing to give rather than receive that deserve respecting/to be respected．正是那些甘愿奉献而不索取的人才应得到尊敬。
③The student has deserved ill of this school, and must be asked to leave.这个学生应受学校处罚,必须让他退学。M8
【点津】deserve doing是用主动形式表示被动意义，相当于deserve to be done。
【串记】The criminals deserve punishing and policemen deserve to be respected. 罪犯应该受到惩罚，警察应该受到尊重。
【趁热打铁】
一、语法填空。
1. Some scientist argue artificial intelligence will (danger) human existence.
2. Iwonder who makes this (decide) and how they come to their conclusion.
3. Weagree that this (declare) shall be the basis of the contract between us and the company.
4. With thedevelopment of modern science, the system (deep) our consideration of the problem.
5. The courier(快递员) delayed (deliver) my parcel. It was two days late.
6. Women shouldn’t depend upon men. Once you (desert), you may feel depressed or hopeless.
7. Whiletechnology depends on us, we are increasingly (depend) on it.
8. An expert advised me to take part in more activities to relieve (depress).
9. No one provided acorrect and detailed (describe) of the attacker.
10. Weconcentrate on this (deliver) of working software because people can understand that.
二、单句改错。
1. It took the poet a great number of time to create the collection of poems.
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2. InSpain itself, there is a fierce debate with the future of bullfighting.
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3. With the costs on the increase, the farmers’ incomes saw a slight decrease to 5% compared to those of last year.
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4. IfI want to defence China or explain something to bridge the gap, I have to do it in an acceptable way.
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5. At whatdegree they determine this, or whether you have complete control over giving away your personal information is my concern.
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6. Only if you havea degree of engineering or science. Can you arrive at this degree of understanding?
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7. This summerwas a really delighted holiday and a meaningful experience.
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8. The demanding doctor demanded his assistants stood close to him to watch him conduct the operation.
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9. Many dealers lost everything during the depression but some of them refused t to get depressing.
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10. Some customsin China, especially in some remote areas, are in danger of disappear?
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三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。
1. The population transition(转变) in European countries (追溯到0 the 18th to19~(th) century.
2. Some farming methods will (对…造成损害)the environment.
3. This application is (受欢迎) because it is convenient and cheap.
4 The dealer earned (大量的) money by dealing in medicine.
5. Professor Smith has not (选定) the courses for this term to date.
四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
1. 对绿色食品的需求正在增加。(demand for, on the increase)。
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. 这个安排值得考虑。(deserve doing)
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. 这个律师被描述为危险人物。(describe…as)
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. 关于大学生该依赖父母到何种程度有一场激烈的辩论。(There is a heated debate over)
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. 令我高兴的是, 我的货物及时送来了。(to one’s delight)
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【答案】
一、语法填空。
1. endanger 2. decision 3. declaration 4. deepens 5. delivering 6. are deserted 7. dependent 8. depression 9. description 10. delivery
二、单句改错。
1. number→deal/amount 2. with→over/on/about 3. to→by 4. defence→defend 5. At→To 6. of→in 7. delighted→delightful 8. stood→stand 9. depressing →depressed 10. disappear→disappearing
三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。
1. dates from 2. cause/do damage to 3. in demand 4. a great deal of 5. decided on
四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
1. Thedemand for green food is on the increase.
2. This arrangement is worth considering.
3. The lawyer was described as dangerous/a danger.
4. There is a heated debate over to what degree college students should depend on their parents.
5. To my delight，my goods were delivered to my home in time.
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