高中英语考纲3500词之核心词汇专项训练（11）
高考英语核心词汇拓展 Day 11
201. design /dɪ'zaɪn/ n. & vt. 设计，策划；图案/样，样式；计划，目的
【拓展】
(1) design ... for ...为……而设计……
be designed for/to do ... 目的是……
be designed as 被设置为……
(2)by design 有意地，故意地
designer n. 设计师；谋划者
【例句】①The programme is designed to help people who have been out of work for a long time.这项计划的目的是为长期失业者提供帮助。
②We don't know if it was done by accident or by design.我们不知道那是偶然的还是故意的。
【串记】The little girl asked whether the Hongkong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge had been designed by the designer called Meng Fanchaoby design. 小女孩故意问港珠澳大桥是否是设计师孟凡超设计的。
202. desire /dɪ'zaɪə/ vt. & n. 渴/欲望；期望
【拓展】
(1)have a strpng desire to do sth.迫切想要做某事
have a strong ddesire for sth急于想得到某物
(2) desire to do sth. 渴望做某事
desire sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事
desire that...(should) do...渴望……
(3)desirable adj.理想的；值得拥有的；可取的
【例句】①He desired to bring back the so-called new four inventions back to his home country. 他希望把所谓的四项新发明带回自己的祖国。
②She has a strong desire for knowledge and wants to go to college very much. 她对知识有强烈的渴望，非常想上大学。
易错点拨 desire不用于进行时态，后接宾语从句或同位语从句，从句中谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略。
【串记】Something desirable is what we desire. 令人向往的东西是我们渴望的。
203. destroy /dɪˈstrɔɪ/vt. 破坏，毁坏 (参见damage)
【拓展】
destruction n. 破坏；毁灭；销毁；毁坏
destructive a. 破坏的；毁灭性的；有害的，消极的
【例句】A lot of buildings were destroyed in the war．战争中许多建筑遭到毁坏。
【串记】The destructive weapons destroyed our homes.This destruction is both material and spiritual. 毁灭性的武器毁掉了我们的家园。这种毁坏既是物质的更是精神的。
【辨析】
这些动词均有“破坏，损坏”之意。destroy多指彻底地、毁灭性地破坏，含导致无用，不能或很难再修复的意味。ruin多指因外部原因而受到严重破坏或毁灭，侧重破坏的彻底性，也可用于引申意义。damage多指对无生命物体的损害，造成降低价值、破坏功能等后果。
204. determine /dɪ'tɜːmɪn/ vt. 决定；决心
【拓展】
(1)determine to do sth. 决心做某事(表动作)
determine sb.to do sth. 使某人决定做某事
(2) determined adj.坚决的；有决心的；坚定的
be determined to do sth.决心做某事(表状态)
(3)determination n. 坚定；决心
make a determination to do sth. 决心做某事
【例句】She determined to work twice as hard as before to make up for the lost time.
她决定加倍努力工作，把失去的时间补回来。
【串记】I determine to achieve the goal that I was determined to do last year. 我决定要实现我去年就下定决心要达到的目标。
【联想】“决定做某事”的常见表达方式还有：make up one's mind to do sth.; decide to do sth.; make a decision to do sth.等。
【串记】Li Hua is a young man with great determination. He determined to go to Tibet after graduation. Determined never to come back before he could make a big fortune, he left home without saying a word. 李华是一个有决心的年轻人。他决心毕业后去西藏。他决心在能赚大钱之前再也回不来了，他一言不发就离开了家。
205. develop /dɪ'veləp/ v.(使)发展/达；(使)发育；开发，研制；vt. 冲洗(照片)；患(病)
【拓展】
develop oilfield开发油田
develop one's health增进健康
develop traditional friendship发展传统友谊
developed a. 发达的；成熟的
developing a. 发展中的；生长的，变化的
development n. 发展；开发；发育
【例句】Hand in hand with reading, he had developed the habit of making notes.在读书的同时,他养成了做笔记的习惯。
【串记】Despite the development of society, developing countries’ living standard is still much lower than that in developed countries. 尽管社会在发展，发展中国家的生活水平仍然比发达国家要低得多。
206. devote /dɪ'vəʊt/ vt. 把……奉献；贡献
【拓展】
(1)devote one's life/time/money/energy to (doing) sth.
把某人的一生/时间/金钱/精力奉献于/投入到(做)某事中
devote oneself to (doing) sth.献身于/致力于(做)某事
(2)devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的
be devoted to (doing) sth. 专心于/奉献于(做)某事
(3)devotion n. 关爱；关照；奉献；忠诚
【例句】①I'm devoting all my time and energy to being a teacher right now. 我现在把全部时间和精力都花在做教师上。
②Only when we realize the importance of helping each other can we be devoted to building a harmonious society. 只有认识到互相帮助的重要性，我们才能致力于构建和谐社会。
【串记】Mrs. White, a devoted friend of mine, devoted all her energy to her career and her devotion to children made us moved. 怀特夫人，我的一位忠实的朋友，把她所有精力都投入到事业上，她对孩子们的奉献让我们感动。
207. die /daɪ/ vi.死亡；凋零；熄灭(参见dead)
【拓展】
die away 减弱，消失；渐熄
die down 逐渐消失
die from死于(外部原因)
die of 死于(内部原因)
die off 相继死去，逐个死亡
die out灭绝; 消失
dead a. 死的；无生命的
deadly a. 致命的；非常的；死一般的；ad. 非常；如死一般地
death n. 死；死亡；死神；毁灭
to death到极点，过分
to the death至死，直到最后
deadline n. 最终期限
【例句】①Many rare animals are dying out. We must find ways to protect our environment.(许多稀有动物正在灭绝，我们必须找到方法保护我们的环境。
②After hours of working in the hot sun, the men were dying for a cold beer. 在炎热的太阳下工作数小时后，人们真想喝上一杯冰镇啤酒。
③To his great sorrow, his chickens were dying off from the disease. 使他非常难过的是，他的小鸡一个个地病死了。
④When the applause had died down, she began her speech.掌声平息后，她开始演讲。
【串记】The lawyer deadly wants to know the deadline of the criminal’s death. 律师非常想知道这个罪犯的死刑的最终期限。
208. differ /'dɪfə/ v. 不同，相异，有区别(近vary)
【拓展】
(1)differ from ＝ be different from/to 与……不同
differ in ＝ be different in 在……方面不同
differ with sb. about/on sth. 就某事与某人意见不同
（2）difference n. 不同；区别
make a difference 有影响；起(重要)作用
tell the difference between ... and ...区分……与……的差别
【例句】①She differs from her sister in the colour of her eyes.她眼睛的颜色与姐姐的不同。
②The two brothers differ in their judgment of this piece of music.兄弟俩对这首曲子的评价不一。
③However,I differ with the man who is speaking.然而,我跟那个正在发言的人意见不同。
④This picture is different from that one. Compare them and tell the difference between them. 这幅画和那幅画不一样。比较它们，并区分它们。
【串记】It makes no difference that opinions among students differ from one to another. 学生意见不同没有多大关系。
209. difficult /ˈdɪfɪkəlt/ a. 难懂的，困难的，艰难的(反easy)；不易相处的，难缠的
【拓展】
difficulty n. 困难，困境
be in difficulties经济上困难，处境困难
have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困难
make(raise)difficulties(with)(对某事)找麻烦；唱反调，反对
with difficulty好不容易才
without difficulty轻而易举地
表示“做某事有困难”还有如下结构：
Have difficulty with sth.
Have trouble/problems in doing sth.
Have a hard time in doing sth.
There’s difficulty/trouble with sth.
There’s difficulty/trouble in doing sth.
【例句】①Most parents have difficulty (in) communicating with their children.大部分父母在与孩子沟通交流方面有困难。
②I have a hard time (in) paying attention in class.在课堂上，我很难集中精力。
③For me, there is no difficulty/trouble(in) finishing the task in two days.对于我来说，在两天之内完成这项任务是毫无困难的。
The deliverer thinks it difficult for him todeliver it on time. 送货人认为他很难准时送来。
【串记】I have some difficulty infinishing such a difficult task. 要完成这么困难的任务有困难。
210. direct /dɪˈrekt ; daɪ-/ a. 直接的；直达的；直截了当的(反indirect)；vt. 指挥/导；监督；管理；指挥(演奏)；导演(电影)
【拓展】
direction指挥/导/示；管理；方向；使用说明
in all directions四面八方，各方面
in many directions在各方面
in the direction of向……方向
under the direction of在……指导下
directly ad. 直接地；立即；马上；正好地；坦率地 conj. 一…就
director n. 主任，主管；导演；人事助理
directory n. 目录；工商名录；姓名地址录；a. 指导的；咨询的
【例句】①He is very direct, so you always know what his real views are.他为人很直率, 所以你总能知道他的真实想法。
②The manager directed us to make all-round arrangements.经理指示我们要作全面安排。
【串记】The director directed the band in the directionof the entrance to the stage. 这个指挥朝舞台入口处方向指挥着乐队。
211. disappoint /dɪsə'pɒɪnt/v. 使失望
【拓展】
disappointed a．失望的；沮丧的
be disappointed in对……失望
be disappointed of……的希望落空
be disappointed with对…感到失望
disappointing a．使人失望的，令人扫兴的
disappointment n. 失望；令人失望的人或事物
in disappointment失望地
to one's disappointment令(某人)失望的是
【例句】You were disappointed with me in the past I am sure I will not disappoint you any more.你以前对我失望但是我坚信我不会再令你失望了。
【串记】What disappoints me is the disappointing news that I didn’t pass the driving test. 让我失望的是我没通过驾驶考试这个令人失望的消息。
212. discover /dɪ'skʌvə/ vt. 发现；找到；查明
【拓展】
discover among 在…之中发现
discover sth by 通过…发现某物
discoverer n. 发现者
discovery n. 发现，发觉；被发现的事物
【例句You and your team can discover the problem together. 你和你的团队可以一起发现这个问题。
【串记】When discoverersdiscover something new, If they do not have a word for their discovery, they make one up 当发现者们发现什么新东西时，如果他们没有用于他们的发现的字，他们就编造一个。
【辨析】discover, find, find out, invent, look for
这组词(组)都有“发明”“发现”的意思。discover指发现或偶然发现原来就存在但一直未被认识的东西; look for作“寻找”解时,指寻找的动作和过程; find指寻找的结果,即“找到”,是非延续性动词,不如discover正式; find out指经过观察、调查把某事、某物查出来,搞清楚,弄明白,多用于复杂而不易直接查出的情况; invent指发明原来不存在的东西,有时也可指虚构、捏造。
213. discuss /dɪ'skʌs/ vt. 讨论，商议
【拓展】
discuss sb/sth with sb.与(某人)讨论(某题目)
discuss doing sth.讨论做某事
discussion n. 讨论，议论
come up for discussion(某事)提交讨论
under discussion在讨论之中
【例句】①He discussed with you the work you have done.他跟你一起讨论你所做的工作。
②He said they had discussed exchanging scientists and technicians.他说他们讨论了科学家和技术人员的交流问题。
【串记】We had a heated discussion about the topic when we discuss it yesterday. 当我们昨天讨论这个话题时，我们进行了一场热烈的讨论。
214. distance /ˈdɪstəns/ n. 距离；遥远，远处/方；疏远
【拓展】
(1)in the distance在远处；在远方
at/from a distance 从远处；隔一段距离
keep one's distance from ... ＝ keep ... at a distance
与……保持距离
within walking distance 在步行可及的地方
(2)distant adj. 遥远的；冷淡的
be distant from 离……遥远
be distant towards sb. 对某人冷淡
【例句】①While walking his dog in the park yesterday afternoon, Bob heard someone crying for help in the distance. 昨天下午鲍勃在公园遛狗时，他听到有人在远处呼救。
②Take your time—it’s just a short distance from here to the restaurant．不要着急。从这儿到那家餐厅只有很短的一段距离。
③That lovely summer holiday in Beijing already feels like a distant memory.在北京度过的那个美好的暑假感觉好像已经是遥远的回忆了。
【串记】 This may all seem like a distant dream, but it is not in the distance 这也许像是一个遥远的梦想，但是，它并不那么遥远。
He lived within walking distance of the girl. He loved her but the girl's father didn't approve. The father forced the girl to keep him at a distance/keep her distance from him
. So whenever she walked past his gate, he could only watch her at/from a distance . Even worse, she was distant towards him deliberately according to her father's instructions. 他住在女孩的步行距离内。他爱她，但女孩的父亲不同意。父亲强迫女孩和他保持距离。所以每当她走过他的大门时，他只能看着她从远处。更糟糕的是，她根据父亲的指示故意对他疏远。
215. distinguish /dɪ'stɪŋgwɪʃ/ v. 辨/区别；使出色
【拓展】
distinguish A from B区(辨)别A和B
distinguish between right and wrong分清(辨)是非
distinguish oneself出名，扬名，突出
distinguish things into classes把东西分类
distinguished a. 著名的；卓著的；高贵的
distinct a. 明显的；独特的；清楚的；有区别的
distinction n. 区别；差别；特性；荣誉，勋章
distinctive a. 独特的，有特色的；与众不同的
【例句】It's important to distinguish fact from fiction.把现实与虚构区分开来是很重要的。
【串记】Our English teacher asked us to distinguish between distinguished and distinctive, because there was distinctdistinction between them. 我们英语老师让我们区分distinguished和 distinctive，因为他们之间有明显的差别。
216. disturb /dɪ'stɜːb/ 打扰，扰乱，使心神不安
【拓展】
disturb about 对…感到担忧
disturb the minds of the people 扰乱人心
disturbed a. 扰乱的；为心理失常者而设的
disturbing a. 令人不安的；烦扰的
disturbance n. 干扰；骚乱；忧虑
【例句】I'm sorry to disturb you with some questions.对不起，打扰你了，我有些问题请教你。
【串记】The disturbing noise disturbs the neighbors. They appeal to the government to solve the disturbance. 这烦扰的噪音吵着邻居了。他们呼吁政府解决噪音问题。
【辨析】disturb指某人行动妨碍了别人正常秩序而使人不能安宁；trouble指托人做事时的客套话，表示使人费时或增加负担；bother语气较强，指以同样行为妨碍别人安宁，使人讨厌，有时指麻烦人做事。
217. divide /dɪ'vaɪd/ vt. 分，划分，分割/配；(被)除
【拓展】
divide sth.between/among... 在……之间分配某物
divide sth.in half/into halves 把……分成两半
divide A by B 用B除A
division n. 除法；部门；分配/割
【例句】①As we all know，a year can be divided into four seasons.我们都知道，一年可以被分成四个季节。
②Let's divide the cake into three parts.我们把蛋糕分成三份吧。
③Divide 20 by 4. 20除以4。
【串记】 Divide the students into two groups and have a competition, and then we will divide the prizes among you. 把学生分成两个大组进行比赛，然后这些奖品就由你们分配了。
【辨析】 divide/separate
divide(...into...) | 常指把某个整体划分为若干部分，即破坏了原来的完整性 |
separate(...from...) | 强调“将……与……分开”，指把原来连在一起或靠近的人或事物分开，没有破坏整体的完整性。也可用作不及物动词，意为：分(离)开，分手 |
218. doubt /daʊt/ n. & v. 怀疑，疑惑
【拓展】have doubt about对…有疑问
in doubt可怀疑的；不能肯定的
without/beyond doubt无容置疑，确实地
there is no doubt that从句 毫无疑问
I don’t doubt that从句 我对此并不怀疑
I doubt if/whether从句 我怀疑是否
doubtful a. 可疑的；疑心的；不能确定的
【例句】①There is no doubt that we human beings should be responsible for the global warming. 毫无疑问，我们人类应该为全球变暖负责。
②I don't doubt that/I have no doubt that a friendly and harmonious environment is of great importance to us all.
我确信一个友好而又和谐的环境对我们大家来说都很重要。
③There is some doubt whether he will be elected president. 他是否能当选总统还有些疑问。
【点津】doubt在肯定句中后接whether/if引导的宾语从句(若doubt是名词，则只能接whether引导的同位语从句)；在疑问句和否定句中其后接that从句。
【串记】I have doubt about something in doubt, but there is no doubt that I am wrong. 我对不能肯定的事情有疑问，但毫无疑问我错了。
219. draw /drɔː/ (drew, drawn) v. 绘画；绘制；拉，拖；提取(金钱)；吸引；n. 平局(同tie)
【拓展】
draw near/close(时间、空间的)临近
draw/reach/come to/arrive at a conclusion (from ...)
(从……中)得出结论
draw one's eye 吸引某人的眼光
draw one's attention 吸引某人的注意
draw upon/on利用，凭借，依赖；临近
drawing n. 图画；牵引；素描术
drawer n. 抽屉；开/出票人；起草者
drawback n. 缺点，不利条件；退税
【例句】①Scientists have drawn a conclusion that smoking is greatly associated with lung cancer.科学
家们已得出结论：肺癌与吸烟有很大的关系。
②With Christmas drawing near, many supermarkets draw upon discount to draw the consumers' attention.
随着圣诞节的临近，许多超市利用打折来吸引消费者的注意。
【串记】The director drew near the drawer to see the her drawing. It has some drawbacks. 导演拉近抽屉去看绘画的人。她的绘画有一些缺点。
220.dream /driːm/ (dreamt，dreamt 或-ed，-ed) n.& vt. 做梦；梦，梦见；梦想，空想
【拓展】
dream of/about (doing) 梦见/想(做)
dream up构思；想到．想出来
dream/have a good dream做了个好梦
dreamer n．做梦的人，梦想家
【例句】We have the same dream, and the same world. 我们有着同一个梦想，和同一个世界。
【串记】When I dream, I dream of you. 当我做梦的时候，我会梦到你。
【趁热打铁】
一、语法填空。
1.Columbus (discovery) America but did not explore the new continent.
2.There is no distinctive (differ) between the twins.
3.With the ___ __(develop) of economy, more and more students go abroad to study.
4.Yesterday we had a heated __ __(discuss) about whether parents can read their child’s diary.
5.Nobody is _____( doubt) that our team will win this match.
6.To his (disappoint), his professor refused his application.
7.The retired designer has a ______(desire) life in the quiet country.
8.The accountant said she had some _ ____(difficult) in solving the problem.
9.Now that you have heard the process of the event, you can draw a (conclude) whether to go or not.
10. The date of a (distinguish) guest who will visit our school soon is drawing near.
二、单句改错。
1.My cousin who often dreams of travel in space doesn’t pass the driving test.
2.The assistant is determined to making use of this summer vacation to learn Spanish.
3.I am sorry to hear that you feel disappointing at your grades.
4.The beauties have some difference ways to broaden their horizons and increase their knowledge.
5.Our headmaster told us to separate the whole class into four small groups.
6.All the senior students should limit their time on Wechat and devote themselves to learn science subjects..
7.Most of the buildings was destroyed by Wenchuan Earthquake in 2008.
8.The disappointed news drove the deliveryman coming from a remote country crazy.
9.We have a well developing transportation system. It is very convenient.
10.My niece doubted that whether she could overcome the problems.
三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。
1.Tu Youyou and her team have _ _ (致力于）researching artemisinin(青蒿素）all the time.
2. Once you (下决心做...) do something, you must work hard to achieve it.
3. (勿容置疑), our motherland will celebrate her 70th anniversary.
4. Opinions among students （各不相同）.
5. Would you please “divide” “separate” (区分）?
四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
1. 我猜想他们两个正在远处讨论怎样实现他们的梦想。（in the distance）
___________________________________________________
1.为了不让我们的父母失望，我们要在学习上取得更大的进步。(disappointed)
___________________________________________________ 3. 毫无疑问，木里火灾破坏了很多森林。(there is no doubt that)
___________________________________________________
4. 他故意把这本书分成两半。(divide…into, by design)
___________________________________________________
5.我希望我没妨碍那位杰出的指挥。（disturb）
_________________________________________________
【答案】
一、语法填空。
1.discovered 2. difference 3. development 4. discussion 5. doubtful doubt 6. disappointment 7. desirable 8. difficulty 9. conclusion 10. distinguished
一、单句改错。 易错的是 devote oneself to/be devoted to doing这个知识点最好出现在改错中
1. travel→travelling 2. making→make 3. disappointing→disappointed 4. difference→ different 5. separate→divide 6.learn→learning 7. was→were 8. disappointed→disappointing 9. developing→developed 10. 去掉that
三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。
1. been devoted to 2. are determined to 3. Without doubt 4. differ from person to person 5. distinguish; from
四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
1. I guess they two are discussing how to make their dream come true in the distance.
2. In order not to make our parents disappointed, we should make great progress in study.
3. There is no doubt that many forests were destroyed by the fire in Muli.
4. He divided the book into two halves by design.
5. I hope I am not disturbing the distinguished director.
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