高中英语考纲3500词之核心词汇专项训练（15）
281. finish /'fɪnɪʃ/ v. 结束；做完
【拓展】
the finishing line 终点线
finish doing sth. 完成做某事
finish off 结束，完成；毁灭；吃完
finished a. 完结的，完成的；精巧的
be finished with完成，做完
【例句】When do you finish your homework?你什么时候做完家庭作业?
【串记】When the athletes finished running to the finishing line, they were finished with all the training. 当运动员们冲向终点线时，他们就完成了所有的训练。
280.fire /'faɪə/ n. 火；火炉；火灾；vi. 开火，开
(枪,炮等)，射击；解雇(同dismiss)
【拓展】
catch fire着火
fight a fire救火
lay(或make)a fire生火
light(put out)a fire点(熄)火
on fire燃烧
play with fire玩火
set sth．on fire(或set fire to……)纵火烧
take fire着火
fireman/firefighter n. 消防队员
firework n. 烟火；(复数)激情(怒火、暴躁、紧张、热情等)表现
【例句】The firefighter rescued the old man from the fire. 消防队员从大火中救出了这位老人。
【串记】The flour-mill caught fire yesterday because some children played with fire nearby. Luckily, the firefighters put out the fire in time. 这家面粉厂昨天着火是因为几个孩子在附近玩火。幸好消防队员及时扑灭了火。
283. fit /fɪt/ a. 健康的，强健的；适合的；v.（使）适/符合；安装
【拓展】
keep/stay fit保持健康
be fit for 适合；胜任
be fit (for sb.) to do 适合(某人)做……
fit in (with) (与……)相适应；(与……)相协调
fitness n. 健康；适当；适合性
【例句】①When it comes to the effect, it will help you to enhance the sense of keeping fit but it may cause you to be overly anxious.当谈到效果，它能够帮你增强健康意识，但是或许它会使你过度焦虑。
②That bottle of milk is not fit to drink because it is out of date. 因为过期，那瓶牛奶不适合饮用了。
③Larry doesn't seem to fit in with other children. 拉里好像和别的孩子相处得不融洽。
【串记】If all of you keep fit, you can be fit forthe job. 如果你们大家身体健康，你们就能胜任这工作。
【辨析】fit/suit/match
fit | “适合”，指大小、尺寸、形状等合适，引申为“吻合，协调” |
suit | “适合”，多指衣服颜色、样式适合某人，还可指合乎需要、口味、地位、条件等。另外，用于比喻意义时多用suit |
match | “和……匹配，适合”，多指色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配 |
284. fix /fɪks/ vt. 安装，固定；修理；确/决定
【拓展】
fix one’s eyes on/upon注视；凝视
fix one’s attention on/upon集中注意力于
keep one’s eyes fixed on注视着
fix on选定；确定
fixed a. 确/固定的；固执的
fixture n. 设备；固定装置
【例句】①The students were sitting in the classroom and their eyes were fixed on the teachers. 学生们坐在教室里，眼睛盯着老师。
②We’d better fix on a date for the meeting.我们最好确定一个开会的日子。
【联想】表示“专注于，专心于”的其他短语：
concentrate on，focus on，put one’s heart into，be buried in，abandon oneself to，be lost in，be absorbed in，be devoted to等。
【串记】When the fixture is ready, the inventor fixes his attention onthe machine that he will fix up. 当固定装置准备好之后，这位发明家把注意力集中在他将要修理的机器上。
285. focus /'fəʊkəs/ n. 焦点；v. 集中
【拓展】
(1)the focus of attention/concern/argument注意力/关注/争论的焦点
bring/throw ... into focus使……成为关注的焦点
(2)focus one's attention/eyes/energy/mind on集中某人的注意力/目光/精力/思想于
focus on/upon 集中于
focused a. 聚焦的；专心的
【例句】①If you are going to follow someone, focus on/upon his/her talent, not his/her bad character or unacceptable behavior.如果你想模仿某人，要关注他或她的才华，而不是他或她不好的性格或让人无法接受的行为习惯。
②With so many people focusing their eyes on him, he felt very nervous. 有那么多人在盯着自己，他感到很紧张。
③Health and environmental problems have become increasingly the focus of attention.健康和环境问题日益成为关注的焦点。
【串记】The politicians shouldfocus their attention on the focuses. 政治家们应当集中精力在焦点问题上。
286. follow /'fɒləʊ/ vt. 跟随；沿着；仿效；听从；跟得上，听清，领会(同catch)
【拓展】
as follows如下
follow in one's steps效法某人，步某人之后尘
follow one’s example以……为榜样，仿效某人follow through贯彻到底，全部实现
It follows that由此可见，因此……是必然的结果
follower n. 追随者；信徒；属下
following a. 其次的，接着的；下面的
形近词：fellow n. （非正式）男人，男孩，家伙；男朋友；同事，朋友
【例句】Followme and I’ll give you the information you need. 跟我来，我就给你需要的信息。
【串记】 Please follow your idol’ example because he has the followers as follows. 请以你的偶像为榜样，因为他有如下这些追随者。
287. fool /fuːl/ n. 傻子，笨蛋；v. 愚弄，欺骗
【拓展】
make a fool of sb. 愚弄/欺骗某人
make a fool of oneself 出丑，出洋相
play for a fool把…当成傻瓜
fool sb. into doing sth. 愚弄/欺骗某人做某事
fool with摆弄,玩弄
foolish a. 愚蠢的；傻的
foolishly ad. 愚笨地；无聊地；可笑地
【例句】①I'm very surprised that he should be fooled by such a trick.我非常吃惊他竟然被这样的伎俩所愚弄。
②I was fooled into believing their promises.
我受了骗，相信了他们的承诺。
【串记】Fool, when you aremaking a fool of others, you are making a fool of yourself. 傻瓜，当你在愚弄别人时你也在出洋相。
【辨析】foolish，silly和stupid
foolish指无头脑，又缺乏常识，用于人时指可笑的，不谨慎的，用于行动时，指愚蠢的，考虑不周的。silly指极端显著的愚笨和低能，语气较强，有时只指不严肃认真，没有头脑。stupid语气很强，常用于生气或责骂，用于人的性格时指智力很差，反应迟钝。
288. forbid /fə'bɪd/ (forbade，forbidden) vt. 禁止，不许
【拓展】
forbid sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事
forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事
forbid (sb./sb’s) doing sth. 禁止(某人)做某事
(2)forbidden adj. 被禁止的；禁用的
【例句】①We should take measures to forbid returning illegal cooking oil to dinner tables.
我们应采取措施禁止地沟油回流餐桌。
②The heavy rain forbade us to go out.大雨阻止我们外出。
【串记】All the teachers forbid their students to copy others’ homework. 所有的老师禁止学生抄作业。
289. force /fɔːs/ vt. 强迫，迫使；n. 力(量)；武/暴力；部/军队；效力
【拓展】
force sb. to do sth./into doing sth. 强迫某人做某事
force one's way 挤过人群
force one's opinion on sb 把自己的观点强加于某人
come into force 生效，开始实施（=take effect）
by force 用武力，强制地
【例句】If any one of you wants to succeed,force yourself to do more. 如果你们中的任何人想要成功，就要强迫自己多做点。
【串记】Since the law came into force, nobody could take the land away by force and force us to pay taxes.自从这条法律生效以来，没人能用武力夺走我们的土地也不能强迫我们交税了。
290. forget /fə'get/ (forgot，forgotten) v. 忘记；忘掉
【拓展】
forget about记不得，没记住
forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事
forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事
forget it不必在意；休想
forget oneself in 沉浸于，失去知觉，忘乎所以
forgetful a. 健忘的；不注意的；疏忽的
unforgettable a. 难忘的
【例句】①He has forgotten to visit the Great Wall．他忘了去游览长城。(没有去长城)
②He will never forget visiting the Great Wall in his life．他将终生难忘游览长城这件事。(已去过长城了)
【串记】Your secretary is so forgetful that she forgets to do the thing that will be unforgettable. 你的秘书太健忘了，以至于都忘了去做这件将难忘的事情了。
291. forgive /fə'gɪv/ (forgave，forgiven) vt. 原谅，宽恕
【拓展】
forgive sb．for doing sth.原谅（饶恕）某人做某事
forgive and forget不念旧恶,不记某人的仇
【例句】①If he is really repentant, we should forgive him.如果他真心悔过，我们就应该原谅他。
②I'll never forgive you for what you said to me last night．我永远不会原谅你昨晚给我说的话。
【串记】I shall never forgive myself for failing to help you when you were in danger.在你遭遇危险的时候,我未能及时帮助你,这是我永远不能饶恕自己的过失。
292. form /fɔːm/ n. 表格；形式；结构；v. 形/构/组成
【拓展】
in the form of以…的形式
take the form of 采取…的形式
fill in(out) a form 填写表格
form the habit of 养成……的习惯
formation n. 形成；构造；编队
formal a. 正式的；拘谨的；有条理的(反informal)
format n. 格式；版式；开本
former n．形成者，构成者，模型；a. 从前的，前者的；前任的
formless a．无形的，零乱的
【例句】①Every applicant must fill in three forms．每个申请人必须填写3份表格。
②He formed the habit of taking notes while reading．他养成了读书记笔记的习惯。
【串记】The formerformat isin the form of forms, which is informal. 从前的格式是以表格形式出现了，这是不正式的。
293. fortune /'fɔːtʃuːn; -tʃ(ə)n/ n. 财富；命运；运气
【拓展】
by good fortune幸运地
come into a fortune继承财产
make a fortune发财，赚大钱
seek one’s fortune寻找发迹的机会；寻出路
tell one's fortune算某人的命
try one's fortune碰碰运气
fortunatea. 幸运的；侥幸的(同lucky,反unfortunate)
fortunatelyadv.幸运地(反unfortunately)
【例句】Everyone is the master of his own fortune. 每个人都是他自己命运的主人。
【串记】It was fortunate of them to make a fortune by trading with foreigners. And more fortunately for them, they were supported by the government. 他们很幸运，通过与外国人交易而发了财。更幸运的是，他们得到了政府的支持。
294. free /friː/ a. 自由的；空闲的；免费的；ad. 免费地；v. 释放，免除
【拓展】
for free 免费
free from 使摆脱；免于；解放
free of 无…的；摆脱…的；在…外面
make free with随意使用
set…free 释放；使获得自由
freely ad. 自由地
freedom n. 自由，自主；直率
【例句】①He made free with all his girl-friend's money.他随便花女朋友的钱。
②The doctor will be free in ten minutes' time; can you wait that long? 医生再过十分钟就有空了,你能等那么长时间吗?
【串记】The students are set free in summer holiday and live a free life free of much homework; mean-
while, they can see movies freely while drinking juice for free. 学生们在暑假就解放了，他们过着没有太多家庭作业的自由生活；同时还可以边看电影边喝着免费果汁。
295. freeze /friːz/ (froze, frozen)v. 结冰；冻僵/住；冷冻/藏；停住不动
【拓展】
freezer n. 冰箱；冷冻库；制冷工
freezing a. 冰点以下的，结冰的；极冷的；n. 冰点
frozen a. 冻结的；冷酷的
【例句】We ate some of the fruits and froze the rest.我们吃了一些水果，把剩下的冷藏起来。
【串记】Many foods are frozen below freezing in the freezer. 很多品种的食物在冰箱里冰点以下就被冻结。
296. fresh /freʃ/ a. 新的；新鲜的；清新的；(水)淡的；精力充沛的；无经验的
【拓展】
break fresh ground开辟新天地，着手新事业
make a fresh start卷土重来(重新出发)
fresh air(fruit，vegetable)新鲜空气(水果、蔬菜)
fresh water淡水
freshman n. 新生/手；大学一年级新生
freshen v．使新鲜；使精神饱满，使有生气
【例句】The firefighters went out for some fresh air. 消防队员们出去呼吸了一些新鲜空气。
【串记】As freshmen, we need some refreshment to refresh ourselves to be refreshed. 作为大一新生，我们需要点提神的东西来使我们振奋起来。
297. frighten /'fraɪt(ə)n/ vt. 使惊恐，吓唬
【拓展】
(1)frighten sb. into/out of doing sth.吓得某人做/不敢做某事
frighten sb. to death 把某人吓得要死
frighten … away/off 吓走/跑……
(2)frightening adj. 令人恐惧的；可怕的
frightened adj. 害怕的；受到惊吓的
be frightened at听(看)到……而吃惊
be frightened of 害怕……
(3)fright n. 恐惧；害怕
with fright 害怕地
frightful a. 可怕的；惊人的
【例句】①The man frightened the old lady into signing the paper last week. 那人上周吓得老太太在文件上签了字。
②It is frightening even to think of the horrors of nuclear war. 想到核战争的恐怖，甚至令人恐惧。
③They frightened the bird away/off by rising to their feet suddenly. 他们突然站起来，把鸟吓跑了。
④The frightened man sounded as if he was dying of fright.这个受到惊吓的人听起来好像快要吓死了。
【串记】Mary was too frightened to tell her family the frightening scene because it almost frightened her to death. Whenever she thought of it, she would tremble with fright．玛丽吓得不敢告诉家人那可怕的一幕，因为它几乎把她吓死了。每当她想到它，她会颤抖与恐惧。
298. front /frʌnt/ 前面/部；正面；前线/线；前面/部的
in front of 在…(外部的)前面
in the front of在…(内部的)前面，在前部
frontier n. 前沿；边界；国境 a. 边界的；开拓的
【例句】A freshman stands in front of me. 一个新生站在我面前。
【串记】I sit in front of Mary, and both of us sit in the front of the classroom where we can see the frontier of the blackboard clearly. 我坐在Mary前面，我们两个都坐在教室前部，在那儿我们可以清楚地看到黑板的边界。
299. fun /fʌn/ n. 有趣的事，娱乐，玩笑
【拓展】
have fun 玩得开心(＝have a good time/enjoy oneself)
have fun with sb.和某人玩得开心
have fun doing sth. 做某事很开心
make fun of 取笑；嘲弄；开……的玩笑
for fun 为了好玩
What fun! (听起来)多有趣啊！
funny adj. 有趣的; 滑稽的; 奇异的
【例句】①The article made fun of various people and things in Boston. 这篇文章取笑波士顿的各种人和事情。
②The children always have fun playing building blocks. 孩子们总是玩积木玩得很开心。
【点津】fun表示“乐趣，玩笑”是不可数名词，前面不能用冠词a，但可用great, much, a lot of等对其进行修饰。
【串记】Don’t make fun of others for fun，no matter how funny you think. 无论你认为多么有趣，不要闹着玩地取笑别人。
furnish ['fɜːnɪʃ] v．为(房屋或房间)配备家具；提供，供应
【拓展】
(1)furnish ...with ... 用……装备……；给……提供/供应
furnish ...to/for ... 为……提供……
be furnished with ... 备有……，安装有……
(2)furniture n. 家具(不可数名词)
a piece/an article of furniture 一件家具
a suit of furniture 一套家具
【例句】①We came into his house and found it was only furnished_with a table, two chairs and a bed.
我们进入他的房间，发现里面只布置了一张桌子、两把椅子和一张床。
②They were kind enough to furnish food and shelter for/to the refugees.
他们非常好心地为难民提供食宿。
[联想发散] 与furnish ... with ...同义的短语还有：equip ...with ..., fit up ... with ...等。
【串记】The room was furnished with a cupboard and some old furniture.房间里有一个碗柜和几件旧家具
300. gain /geɪn/ n.& v. 收获；获利；增加(反lose/loss)
【拓展】
gain by 从…中获得利益
gain from 在…收获,从…中获益
gain in 增加,增进,积累,获得,在…方面增进
gain weight体重增加，长胖
【例句】①You will gain experience if nothing more in that job.如果这个工作没什么突出的,你至少可以获得经验。
②No pain, no gain. 一分耕耘，一分收获。
③The clock on my computer gains a minute every day.我电脑上的时间每天快一分钟。
【点津】gain作“盈利”解时是不可数名词,表示抽象意义。gain表示具体的数量、力量等的“增加,增进”“利润”时是可数名词,常可用复数形式。
【串记】If you take in too much fat, you will gain nothing but weight. 如果你摄入太多脂肪，除了体重增加外你啥好处都没有。
【趁热打铁】
一、语法填空。
1. Thank you for giving me an (forget) memory in your hometown.
2. (fortunate), everyone escaped from the big fire without getting badly hurt.
3. One of the employees (fire) by the company for stealing.
4. Most of the students enjoy wearing (formal)dress at home and school.
5. Any of you can’t use the money earned by your parents (free).
6. Please go on a healthy diet, or else you will gain (weigh) sooner or later.
7. You all are fit after the body-examination, which means you are free any disease.
8. Students (forbid) to wear slippers to go to school at any time.
9. Pupils will feel (refresh) in the afternoon if they take a good nap at noon.
10. The rule that we students are required to wear school uniform daily must (follow).
二、单句改错。
1. The children are frightening to see a big frightful snake lying on the road.
2. There stands a big old tree in the front of the classroom, with some apples on it.
3.How fun it is to play with fire! But it is a bit too dangerous and must be forbidden.
4. The dress is too large. There is no doubt that it doesn’t suit me at all.
5.The thief is forbidden to taking a plane because of his dishonesty.
6. Our biology teacher feels fortune having so many lovely students that she wants to teach us more.
7. Hearing the shots of guns, the runaways were frightened to die.
8. It is great fun to skate with my kids on the freezing lake in winter.
9. The distinguished guest was so excited at yesterday’s meeting that he forgot deliver a speech.
10. The handsome boy falls in love with the pretty girl and he keeps his eyes fixing on her for a long time.
三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。
1. The company set us a good example, so the leader expected us to (以…为榜样).
2. A new law (生效) from July 1 and everyone should obey it.
3. Of the two questions, (前者) is easy to answer while the latter is difficult.
4. Not everything can be solved (用武力). Force should be avoided as much as possible.
5. A heavy rain (吓跑) the visitors at the top of Mount E’mei.
四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
1. 约翰的注意力一直集中在老师穿的新衣服上。（fix one’s attention on）
2. 这个调皮的男孩在课堂上做鬼脸，出尽了洋相。(make a fool of oneself)
3.禁止孩子单独跑到公路上去玩。（forbid sb. to do sth）
4.最后离开教室的同学别忘了关灯哦。（forget to do sth.）
5. 那个辞职到广东去做生意的人可能发财了。(make a fortune)
【答案】
一、语法填空。
1. unforgettable 2. Fortunately 3. was fired 4. Informal 5. freely 6. weight 7. from 8. are forbidden 9. refreshed 10. be followed
二、单句改错。
1. frightening→frightened 2. 去掉第一个the 3. How→What 4. suit→fit 5.taking→take 6. fortune→fortunate 7. die→death 8. freezing→frozen 9. 在forgot后面加to 10. fixing→fixed
三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。
1. follow their example 2. comes into force 3. the former 4. by force 5. frightened away
四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
1. John fixed his attention on the teacher’s new dress.
2. The naughty boy makes faces in class, making a fool of himself in the class.
3. Children are forbidden to play alone on the road.
4. The student who leaves the classroom last shouldn’t forget to switch off the lights.
5. The person who resigned to do business in Guangdong could have made a fortune by now.
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