高中英语考纲3500词之核心词汇专项训练（23）

441. pain /peɪn/ n. 疼痛；痛苦；努力

【拓展】

(1)have pains/a pain in……部位疼

be in pain 在痛苦中；在苦恼中

spare no pains 不遗余力，全力以赴

take pains to do sth. 尽力/费苦心/下苦功做某事

No pains, no gains. 不劳无获。

(2)painful adj. 疼痛的；痛苦的

(3)painfully adv. 痛苦地

【例句】①He was crying out in pain on the ground when the ambulance arrived.  救护车赶到时，他痛苦地躺在地上。

②If you want to succeed in the work, you must take pains to do it. 如果你想在工作中取得成功，你必须努力去做。

③A painful injury forced her to withdraw from the game. 疼痛的伤迫使她退出比赛。

【点津】pain指精神上的痛苦时为不可数名词；指肉体上的疼痛时，可数、不可数均可；指“辛苦、刻苦、努力”时，要用复数形式。

【串记】Life is full ofpain, the hard time is a painful memory of his life. But whatever happens he still remembers that no pains, no gains. All he wants to do is that takepains to work hard. 生活充满痛苦，艰难的日子是他生命中痛苦的记忆。但是无论发生什么，他都记得没有付出就没有收获。她所需要做的就是努力工作。

442. paint /peɪnt/n. 油漆；涂料；vt. 油漆，粉刷；绘画

【拓展】

painter n. 画家；油漆匠

painting n. 绘画；油画；着色

【例句】The front door needs a new coat of paint. 前门需要刷一层新漆了。

【串记】All the painters love the paintings. 所有的画家都喜欢这幅画。

443. part /pɑ:t/ n. 部分，成分；部件，零件；角色；a. 局部的；部分的；v. 分离；分开;割

【拓展】

in part一部分是，部分地，在某种程度上

for the most part 在极大程度上，多半

for my part至于我，讲到我

on the part of就……而言

on one's part在(某人)方面

play a part in(在……)起作用，(在……)扮演角色，参与(……)

take part in参加，参与

take part with(=take the part of=take one's part)支持，拥护

partly ad. 部分地；在一定程度上

partner n. 伙伴；合伙人；配偶

part-time a. 兼职的；部分时间的；ad. 兼职地；用部分时间地

【例句】Part of the building was destroyed in the fire. 大楼的一部分毁于火灾。

【串记】My partner wants to takepart in the part-time job, partly because he wants to become an actor and plays a very important part ina film. 我的搭档想做这份兼职，部分是因为他想当演员，想在电影里面扮演重要的角色。

444. particular /pəˈtɪkjələ(r)/a. 特定的；特别的，格外的；特有的，个别的；讲究的，挑剔的

【拓展】

give particulars详述

go into particulars详细讲

in every particular在各方面

in particular特别，尤其；个别地，详细地(放在名词之后)

be particular about 讲究；对…挑剔

particularly ad. 异乎寻常地；特别是

【例句】①We are trying to raise awareness about the environment in general and air pollution in particular. 我们正在努力提高对环境特别是空气污染的认识。

②She's a very particular person so she is particular about what she eats and wears.她这个人很挑剔，所以，她对她的吃穿很挑剔。

【串记】Heis very particular about food, particularly noodles. 他对食物十分讲究，尤其喜欢面食。

445. pass /pɑ:s/ vt. 传，递(同hand)；经过；通过(考试)；度过；n. 通行证

【拓展】pass sb. sth. /pass sth. to sb. 把某物传给某人pass about/around 分，分发， 传送；轮查

pass away 去世；停止；度过时间

pass by 经过；走过；逝去

pass down 传下来；遗传

pass on 传递；继续；去世

pass out 昏倒，失去知觉；分发(同give out/hand out)

pass through 穿过；通过

past n. 过去；往事；a. 过去的；结束的

【例句】The road was so narrow that cars were unable to pass. 道路太窄，汽车无法通过。

【串记】After passing about leaflets she passed out. She had a dream; she passed througha tunnel and saw her grandmother who had already passed away passed a book to her. 当发完传单之后她就晕过去了。她做了一个梦，梦到她穿过一条隧道之后，她已去世的奶奶给她一本书。

446. passage /ˈpæsɪdʒ/ n. 通道；走廊；（文章的）一节/段

【拓展】passenger n. 旅客；乘客；过路人；碍手碍脚的人

passer-by n. 过路人；经过的人

passport n. 护照，通行证；手段

【例句】A dark narrow passage led to the main hall. 一条阴暗狭窄的走廊通向大厅。

【串记】The passenger lost his passport and it was found by a passer-by at the passage. 这个乘客的护照丢了，被一个路人在走廊上捡到了。

447.patient /ˈpeɪʃnt/ n. 病人 a. 耐心的(反impatient)

【拓展】

(1)be patient with sb.对某人有耐心

be patient of sth.忍受/忍耐某事

(2)impatient adj. 不耐烦的；没有耐心的

be/become impatient of sth. 对某事不能容忍

(3)patience n. 耐心

impatience n. 不耐烦

have the patience to do sth．有耐心做某事

with patience ＝ patiently 耐心地

【例句】①He is just a small child, so you should be patient with him. 他只是个小孩子，所以你应该对他有耐心。

②Success partially depends on whether you have the patience to do simple things perfectly．成功部分取决于是否你有耐心把简单的事情做得完美。

③Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with patience.

每当我犯错误，老师都耐心的指出来。

【串记】The doctors need to be patient with their patients.At the same time the patients need to have more patience. 医生需要耐心对他们的病人，病人们也应该多有些耐心。

448. pay /peɪ/ (paid，paid) v. 付钱，给…报酬；n. 工资，薪水

【拓展】

pay back偿还；报复；回报

pay for花钱买；付出代价

pay off 付清；取得成功；贿赂；报复

pay a visit to参观；拜访

pay attention to注意；留心

payment n. 付款；报酬/答；偿还；惩罚，报应

【例句】①That I can pay back the help people gave me makes me happy.我可以回报别人给我的帮助，这让我很高兴。

②He had to work part-time so as to pay for his school fee.他得做兼职工作以支付学费。

③The efforts made by Jack and his parents paid off.杰克和他父母的努力奏效了。

【串记】The payment of this work is very high so that she can pay for the house for her mother. She knows that when she pays off the money her mother can get the keys in this way she can pay backher mother’s breeding. 这份工作的工资很高因此她可以给她的母亲买一套房子。她知道她付清钱款之后她的母亲就可以得到房子的钥匙，这样她可以回报母亲的养育之恩。

449. peace /pi:s/ n. 和平；平静，安宁；安/清静

【拓展】

at peace 处于和平状态

in peace 和平地；安静，宁静；安祥

make peace with 与…言归于好；与…讲和

peaceful a. 和平的，爱好和平的；平静的

【例句】The situation poses a grave threat to world peace.这局势对世界和平构成了严重的威胁。

【串记】 Chinese people love peace，they want to live peacefully and for thousands of years they’velived in peace. They want tomake peace with other nations but it doesn’t mean that they are afraid of anyone. 中国人热爱和平，千年来他们都希望自己平静地生活。他们希望和其他国家和平共处，但是这并不意味着则他们惧怕任何一个国家。

450. perform /pəˈfɔ:m/ v. 表演，演出；执/履行；行动；表现，发挥

【拓展】

(1)perform one's duty/promise履行职责/诺言

perform an experiment/operation 做实验/手术

(2)performance n. 表演，演出；表现；执行，履行

give/put on a performance 演出

performer n. 执行者，表演者，演奏者，能手

【例句】①You'd better perform your promise that you will finish your task on time.你最好履行你按时完成任务的承诺。

②The famous singer will give/put on a performance at the Shanghai Gymnasium next month.

这位著名歌手下个月将在上海体育馆演出。

【串记】The performers give a wonderful performance to all the audience. 演员们给所有观众呈现了一场精彩的演出。

451. permit /pəˈmɪt/ vt. 许可，允许；n. 执照，许可证

【拓展】

permit doing sth. 允许做某事

permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事

permission n. [U]许可；允许

ask for sb.'s permission征得某人允许

give sb.permission to do sth.允许某人做某事

without permission未经允许/许可

【例句】①Mary's father will not permit her to stay up late.玛丽的父亲不允许她熬夜。

②My father gave me permission to do this thing.

我爸爸允许我做这件事。

【串记】They have a special permitting from their teacher, in other words, their teacher permits them not to dothe homework. 他们有一个特殊的许可，他们的老师允许他们不做作业。

452. person /ˈpɜ:sn/ n. 人；人称

【拓展】

in person=in one's own person=for oneself, personally自己，本人，亲自

in the person of叫做……的人；代表，体现于；以……的资格

personal a. 个人的；身体的；亲自的

personally ad. 亲自地；当面；个别地；就自己而言

personality n. 个性；品格；名人

【例句】The personality's a fascinating person. 那位名人是个魅力十足的人。

【串记】She is a nice person and she wants to see her teacher in person. On that day she will bring some gifts personally. We all say that she is a person who has good personalities. 她是一个不错的人，她想亲自去看她的老师。那天她要亲自买些礼物。我们都认为她是个品格优秀的人。

453. persuade /pəˈsweɪd/ vt. 说服，劝说；使相信(convince)

【拓展】

persuade sb．to do sth．说服某人做……

persuade sb．into doing sth．说服某人做……；persuade sb．to sth．劝某人接受……

persuade sb．out of doing说服某人放弃(停止做)……，劝阻某人做……

persuade sb．that从句表示使某人信服……

persuasion n. 说服；说服力；信念；派别

persuasive a. 有说服力的；劝诱的，劝说的

【例句】He persuaded me out of the idea of dropping the experiment．他劝得我打消了中断试验的想法。

【串记】He wants to persuade his younger brother to go to the medical university, however his words are not very persuasive.他劝他的弟弟读医科大学，但是他的话并没有说服力。

454. pick /pɪk/ v. 拾起，采集/摘；摘掉，剔除；挑选

【拓展】

pick and choose 挑三拣四,仔细挑选

pick from从…中挑选

pick out挑选，拣出；辨认，辨别出；领会

pick up拾起；增加；改进；(偶然)得到；中途搭(人)

pick flowers(fruit, a fowl)采花(摘果子，拔禽毛)

pick one's words挑选字语，注意措辞

pick one’s teeth剔牙

pickpocket n. 扒手

【例句】①The teacher always picks on her to translate the long passages.老师总是叫她做长篇翻译。

②My wife is going with me to help me pick out a new suit.我妻子跟我一起去以帮我挑选一套新西装。

【串记】The pickpocketpicked out a bunch of flowers for his wife and he will pick her up at the

airport this evening. 扒手给他的妻子选了一束花今晚他将在飞机场接她。

455. pity /ˈpɪti/ n. 怜悯，同情；遗憾(的事); vt. 可怜；对……表示惋惜

【拓展】

It is a pity that从句 遗憾的是……

out of pity出于同情

take pity on 可怜，怜悯，同情

What a pity! 多么可惜，多么遗憾啊

pitiable/pitiful a. 可怜的，令人同情的

【例句】The gentleman took pity on the orphan and lent her the money. 那位先生同情那个孤儿，就把钱借给了她。

【串记】What a pity! The pitiful boy lost all his money. 多么可怜啊，这个可怜的男孩丢了他所有的钱。

【辨析】pity, compassion, mercy, sympathy

这组词都有“同情”或“可怜”的意思。其区别在于:pity通常只表示内心感到难过或同情,少给予帮助; sympathy指“同情心”或“恻隐之心”,强调共同分担,进而对某种经历或遭遇引起共鸣; compassion指“同情心”,强调由于理解而同情,并主动给予帮助,常常指通过自身痛苦或不幸而同情别人; mercy指“仁慈”或“怜悯”,含有主动救助别人脱离苦难之义。

456. place /pleɪs/ n. 地方/点，处所；名次；v. 放/安置

【拓展】

give place to让座给

in place在合适的位置，适当地(反out of place)

in place of代替(同instead of)

in the first place第一，首先

in the last place最后

out of place不在合适位置，不适当地

take place发生，举行

take the place of=take one’s place代替

replace vt. 取代，代替；替换，更换；归还原处

【例句】Who is here in place of the manager?谁在这里代理经理?

【串记】He wants to replace the manager’s position so that he has the right to place an order of the books and put the new coming books in place instead of putting them in the office. 他想取代经理的位置那样的话他就有权订书，把这些新来的书放在合适的地方，而不是办公室。

【辨析】put一般用词，指放入或移出某处，可用于任何场合；place较正式用词，指恰当地安放在一定位置；set指把物体竖直地放在某一物上，有时指把物体靠近某物；lay指把物体平放或横放在某物上。

plan /plæn/ n. 计划；方法；策略 v. 打算；安排；计划；设计

【拓展】

go according to plan顺利进行,按计划实现

plan for n./v -ing为…作安排

plan on 指望，计划,打算,想要

plan out 为…作出准备

plan to do sth.打算做某事

【例句】She hadn't planned on so many guests．她没有指望会有这么多的客人。

【辨析】plan, design, project, scheme

这组词都有“计划,方案”的意思。其区别是：plan是一般用语,指事先作出的程序或安排; project指为进行试验而提出的大胆的计划,这种计划常常是大规模的、有时是不切实际的; design指为达到某一目的而在心中作出的打算,往往强调最后的结果,有时用于贬义; scheme常指精心安排的计划或秘密策划的阴谋。

457. play /pleɪ/ vt. 游戏；扮演；演奏；播放；同…比赛；vi. 演奏；玩耍；上演；参加比赛；n. 游戏；比赛；剧本

【拓展】

play a part(或a role)(in)在……扮演一个角色，(在……中)起一份作用

play at参加(比赛、游戏等)，

play back播放，重放(录音，唱片)

play down轻视，贬低

play off进行加时赛，冒充，假装

play on利用(某人的情绪等)，乘机会

play out筋疲力尽，使用完

play with玩弄，轻率地对待

be in full play全力活动，正充分起作用

bring sth．into play运用，发挥

come into play开始起作用

in play开玩笑地，在赌博中

player n. 运动员，比赛者；游戏者，做游戏的人；演奏者，表演者；演员；播放器

playmate n. 玩伴；游伴

playroom n. 游戏室；娱乐室

playground n. 运动场，操场；游乐场

【例句】You'll have to play inside today. 你今天只能在屋里玩耍。

【串记】My playmates are in the playroom but the players are on the playground. I want to play with them. 我的玩伴们在游戏室，运动员们在操场。我想跟他们玩儿。

【点津】1.在球类名词前不用定冠词，表示下棋、打牌时，也不用定冠词。Play football(pingpong)踢足球(打乒乓球)，play chess(card，brdge)下棋(打牌，打桥牌)。2．表示弹奏某种乐器时乐器前要用定冠词：play the piano(the erhu)弹钢琴(拉二胡)，吹笛子(口琴)用play on the flute(the mouth organ)。打击乐器前不用play,用beat(a drum)或strike(a gong)

458.please /pli:z/ int. 请；v. 使人高兴/满意

【拓展】

if you please请；对不起；如果你愿意的话；你看(怪不怪)；竟然

pleased a．高兴的，满意的

be pleased at因……而高兴，喜欢

be pleased(to)高兴，欣然；敬请，

be pleased with因……高兴，喜欢……

pleasant a. 令人愉快的，舒适的；讨人喜欢的，和蔼可亲的

pleasing a. 令人愉快的；讨人喜欢的；合意的

pleasure n. 快乐；希望；娱乐；令人高兴的事

for pleasure 为了开心/消遣(同for fun)

It’s a pleasure/( it’s) my pleasure. 乐意效劳。(回应感谢)

with pleasure 乐意效劳(回应请求帮忙)

【例句】Please，Mr.Smith．史密斯先生，请吧Please ring the bell.=Ring the bell，please.请按铃。

please用于祈使句时，常放在句首或句末。

【串记】It is my pleasure to help the lady in the garden, because the pleasing smell makes me very pleasant. The old lady is pleased with my help. 很乐意帮助这个老太太整理花园，因为好闻的味道让我很舒服。这个老奶奶对我提供的帮助感到满意。

459. point /pɔɪnt/ v. 指，指向(to)；对准(at)；n.尖端；点；分数；时间点，地点；观/要点

【拓展】

at all points在各方面，充分地

be at the point of将近……的时候

beside point离题的，不相干的

come to the point说到要点，扼要地说

in point of就……而言，说到，关于

in point of fact事实上

keep to the point抓住要点

make a point that主张，强调

make a point of doing sth．特别注意，坚持做，决定

做

on the point of正要……，就在……之际

point out指出

point to表明

to the point切中要害，切题；扼要，中肯，得体，适当地

to the point of到达……的程度，简直可说是

there is no point (in) doing sth. 做某事没有意义

【例句】①Let's try to clear up our difficult and doubtful points.让我们设法把难点和疑点解决一下。

【串记】From my point of view, the key to the question was off the point, in other words the student missed the point, so there is no point giving him such high marks. 在我看来，这个答案已经离题，换句话说，这个学生没有抓住要领，所以没有必要给他那么高的分数。

460. politics /ˈpɒlətɪks/n. 政治；政治事务/观点

【拓展】political a. 政治的

politician n. 政治家，政客

policy n. 政策；方针

【例句】We've been having friendly argument on politics.我们一直就政治问题进行友好的讨论。

【串记】The politician knows much about political knowledge but he knows nothing about the policies in American. 这个政治家知道很多政治知识，但是他一点儿都不理解美国的政策方针。

【趁热打铁】

一、语法填空。

1. Applying for jobs can be a long and          (pain) process.

2. He is not quite impressed with modern         (paint)

3. Ilove Italy,            (part) because of the people. 

4.             (patient) plays an important role in one’s career and life.

5. Do I have to         (person) reject those pitiful persons you speak of?

6. It's interesting, and you can see that's a very           (persuade) argument.

7. Don’t laugh at the          (pity) beggar, who is just unlucky.

8.Everybody says it is worth seeing but I find nothing       particular about that place.

9. Iknow I am not            (particular) good at writing.

10. The governmenthopes to solve the problem by             (peace) means.

二、单句改错。

1. My brother likes eating very much, but he wasn’t very particular about the food he eats.

2. The policeman permitted the painter pass the busy road to deal with his urgent business.

3. The passenger has various hobbies, including writing music and paintings.

4. The police asked all the passer-by if they had seen the accident.

5. I like to have everything at place. I’m an organized man.

6. All our efforts will pay for. We must stick to what we are doing.

7. Personal, I think the place where we lost is the concept of life and work and attitude.

8. It is particularly dangerous for children under ten to play fire.

9. While the worker lived in Spain, he picked out Spanish.

10. I like him because of his performance always give me inspiration in many ways. 

三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。

1. People who                        (参加) sports must be in condition.  

2. When the war and this regime will                 (过去), we will rebuild our life.

3. About twenty thousand ships                 (通过) the Gulf of Aden each year.

4.                         (对……有耐心) a difficult person is a challenge no matter who it is.

5. Its value largely depends on what someone else is willing to                   (支付) it.

四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。

1. 参观者请勿对展品拍照。(be permitted to)

2. 她建议他们亲自和他们的儿子谈谈。 (in person) 

3. 他试着在他父母去世以前,和他们重归于好. (make peace with)

4. 遗憾的是大多数人所在乎的仅仅就只是他们怎么样才能更多地赚到钱。(It is a pity that)

5. 每个人都说那地方值得一看，但我却觉得那儿并没什么特别之处。(in particular)

【答案】

一、语法填空。

1. painful  2. paintings  3. partly  4. Patience  5. personally  6. persuasive  7. pitiful  8. in  9. particularly  10. peaceful

二、单句改错。

1.wasn’t→isn't  2.particular→ particularly  3.paintings→ painting  4.passer-by →passers-by 5.at → in  6. for→off  7. Personal→Personally  8.在play后面加with  9. out→up  10. performance→performances

三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。

1. take part in 2. pass away  3. pass through  4. Being patient with  5. pay for  

四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。

1. Visitors are not permitted to take photographs of the exhibitions.

2. She advised them to talk with their son in person. 

3. He tried to make peace with his parents before they passed away.

4. It is a pity that all the majority of people care about is how they could be paid more. 

5. Everybody says it is worth seeing but I find nothing in particular about that place. 

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