据说短文改错满分的同学都用了这些技巧
短文改错解题思路和检查原则
1. 句中各部分的结构是否完整，特别是每个句子要有动词；
2. 谓语动词的时态、语态；
3. 非谓语动词的用法；
4. 名词的单、复数，格的使用是否正确；
5. 定冠词和不定冠词是否正确；
6. 代词的格和性的使用是否有误；
7. 定语从句中关系代词、副词是否准确无误；
8. 并列句中的并列连词、主从复合句中的从属连词用的是否得当。
短文改错解题四原则
2. 虚词以添加或删除为原则；
3. 实词以改变词形为原则；
4. 以保持句子原意为原则。
短文改错解题步骤
2. 整句分析，逐行推敲；
3. 反复通读，复查验证。
解题注意要点和能力培养
1. 核对错项时，若的确有一时难以改出的地方，可以参考所改动项是否基本符合“1：1：8”的比例。即多一词1个，缺词1个，错词8个。
2. 核对改正的语法项目是否有重复。因为短文改错往往覆盖面广，一般不会出现重复考查某个语法点的现象。
3. 核对答题符号是否规范，位置是否准确，看看有无遗漏符号、忽略字母大小写和拼写等问题。
短文改错常见错误类型
1. 谓语动词是历年考试的重点和热点，常见动词错误类型有①一般现在时与一般过去时错用；②and前后动词时态不一致；③主谓不一致；④缺少动词，特别是be动词；⑤第三人称单数形式错用；⑥主动语态和被动语态错用。
They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies. (did改为do，错误类型属于①)
As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. (visiting改为visited，错误类型属于②)
One evening she told me that something happened when her parents was out. (was改为were，错误类型属于③)
There will an important game next month. (will后加be，错误类型属于④)
2. 名词的常见错误：单复数名词错用，可数名词与不可数名词错用。
I’ll get good marks in all my subject. (subject改为subjects)
Their word were a great encouragement to me. (word改为words)
Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well. (knowledges改为knowledge)
3. 冠词错误：误用a和an（根据单词的第一个音素来判定）；误用a/an和the（固定搭配，或泛指、特指；多冠词或少冠词）
We maybe one family and live under a same roof. (a改为the，the same是固定搭配)
As everyone knows, it’s famous mountain with all kinds of pants. (mountain是可数名词需用冠词，所以其前加a)
I hope you have pleasant journey. (journey是可数名词，故have后加a)
4.形容词和副词错误：系动词（am/is/are/was/were/become/go）和感官性动词（smell/feel）后用形容词；词性的误用（形容词修饰名词；副词修饰动词和形容词）。
I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. (time是名词，要用形容词wonderful修饰)
My pronunciation was terribly. (was后用形容词，terribly改为terrible)
5. 代词错误：代词的主格和宾格（I/me; he/him; she/her; we/us; they/them）错误；反身代词（myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves）使用错误；代词的单数和复数使用错误；代词指代错误；多代词或少代词。
Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English. (me改为myself)
One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher. (to前加it)
If anyone of us had any difficulty in our life and study, the other would help him out. (other后加-s)
What’s more, you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him. (him改为them)
6. 非谓语动词的常见错误：不定式、动名词作主语、宾语时；and连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致；介词后用动名词形式作宾语；某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。
Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper. (enjoy后需接动名词，talk改为talking)
But his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports. (go作主语，应改为going)
Children may not develop the habit of read and the ability to enjoy themselves. (介词后用动名词形式作宾语，read改为reading)
I particularly enjoyed driving through the countryside with you and saw the changing colors of the leaves on the trees. (and连接的动名词前后不一致，故saw改为seeing)
7. 介词错误：词组中的介词误用；介词意思理解偏差；介词的多用或少用。
There are too many people among my family. (among改为in，in my family为固定搭配)
I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. (去掉at，the moment引导从句)
练习题目一
1. We had guests last night who have stayed
2. In a B&B hotel ago. They did not want breakfast
3. Because that they were going out early in the
4. Morning. They came back lately and had some
5. tea. I came into the living room and saw one of
6. them just go through the kitchen door but turn
7. on the light. He was looking for a glass the
8. cupboard. He had no ideas that the kitchen was
9. not for guests. I just smiled to me and thought
10. “What can I do? We are guests after all.”
答案与解析
1. 答案：have→had
解析：本句主句用的是过去时，从句时态应是过去完成时，因此应将have 改成had。
2. 答案：age→before
解析：从句是过去完成时，不用ago ，应改成before。
3. 答案：去掉because 后的that
解析：because 直接引导原因状语从句，不加that。
4. 答案：lately→late
解析：late 可作副词，意思是“迟，晚”;而lately 作副词的意思是“近来，最近”，意思不对。
5. 答案：√
6. 答案：but→and
解析：and连接两个动作。本句并无转折的意思，应改成and。
7. 答案：在the 前加 in
解析：这句话意思是“他在碗橱里寻找杯子”。“在碗橱里”应在the 前面加介词in。
8. 答案：ideas→idea
解析：没有主意，应该是单数，用idea。
9. 答案：me→myself
解析：“我对自己笑”应用反身代词myself。
10. 答案：We→They
解析：从本段话来看，我们是主人，他们是客人。因此应将We 改成They。
练习题目二
1. Last month I took bus to visit the Great Wall. On the way, two
2. Foreigner stopped our bus for help because they didn’t know how
3. To get to the Great Wall. Instead of offer warm-hearted help, many
4. Passengers showed impatient. Some even shouted, “Leave them
5. alone! And go on driving!” Thank to the kind driver and the
6. conductor, the two got on the bus. To my surprise, I find that I
7. was the only passenges who could speak English among over 20
8. What should we present to the world in 2008? Rude manner
9. And difficult communication? Certainly not so. We must work hare
10. Together. Luckily, we still have enough time improve ourselves.
答案与解析
1. 在bus前加a
考查冠词的用法。Take a bus“乘坐公共汽车。
2. foreigner→foreigners
考查名词单复数。foreigner前有two修饰，因此用其复数形式。
3. offer→offering
考查v-ing形式的判断与用法。instead of是介词短语，后跟v-ing形式。
4. impatient→impatience
本题涉及名词与形容词的误用。showed后跟名词作宾语。
5. Thank→Thanks
考查固定搭配。Thanks to“多亏，由于”。
6. find→found
考查时态的判断。本篇短文叙述过去发生的事，故用一般过去时。
7. √
8. manner→manners
考查名词单复数问题。manner表“礼貌”时，须用复数形式。
9. 去掉to
考查替代词not的用法。Not可以与possibly, probably, certainly, surely等表示情态的副词搭配，构成某些缩略句。此处so多余。
10. 在improve前加to
考查动词不定式的用法。“to improve”是不定式，作目的状语。
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