导读
2020年5月以来,上千名计划赴美深造的中国留学生,被美国政府以“防间谍”为由拒之门外。虽然遭到中美各界人士的口诛笔伐,美国政府并未撤销10043号总统令。
该禁令只是美国炮制“中国威胁论”带来的恶果之一,“中国威胁论”到底是怎么炮制出来的?又是怎么样影响着两国人文交流的方方面面?美国为什么担心中国的和平崛起?@中国日报起底工作室 推出三集系列片《被误解的崛起》,为您震撼起底。今天播出第一集《骑龙难下》。
“为什么别人都行,我们就不行?”
2022年7月,在北京举行的世界和平论坛上,中国日报起底工作室记者就中国留学生无故被美拒签向美国驻华大使尼古拉斯·伯恩斯(R.Nicholas Burns)提问:
每年有3000至5000名中国学生由于10043号总统令被拒签,您认为中国学生是间谍吗?拒签这些学生可以防间谍吗?
Every year around 3,000 to 5,000 Chinese students are denied visas under the Proclamation 10043. Do you think Chinese students are spies and do you think denying visas to these students will prevent espionage?
美国大使分享了自己过去13年在哈佛大学授课的经历,并强调自己教过很多中国学生,中美人民也需要继续保持交流、彼此学习。但是在回答上述问题时,大使却面露尴尬神情,不断重复外交辞令。
我们也有自己的法律,美国法律规定,如果你在签证申请中撒谎,没有如实申报你与情报机构或军事机构之间的专业联系,你的签证申请会被拒绝。
We do have our law. And our law says if you lie on your visa application about your link professionally to an intelligence or military organization, you shall be turned down.
受访留学生告诉起底工作室,绝大部分被拒签的学生并没有像美国大使所说的那样在签证材料上撒谎。
中国留学生看完美国大使的回答后,认为其表态是极其虚伪的。受禁令影响的刘正在接受采访时说:
这其实是一个很美国化的表态。就是它说的跟它做的基本是不一样的。 This is such a cliche by the Americans. They say one thing and do another.
刘正毕业于北京邮电大学,是受到10043号总统令影响的大学生之一,他所在的北邮也长期受到美国的签证歧视。当他毕业时,如果一切顺利,他此刻已身在美国大学校园里攻读博士学位了。现实却相反,2020年就拿到录取通知书的他,因签证被拒,不得不放弃留学深造,提前就业。
什么是10043号总统令?
“我的专业是研究如何去用一个安卓终端去控制一下我家里的电器,这是一个非常实用的,也是非常民用的东西,但即使这样,我还是被拒了。就感觉挺委屈的,为什么别人都行,我们就不行?” I majored in loT Engineering in my undergrad, learning how to control home appliances through an Android device, for example. This is a very pragmatic program and mostly applied to civilian use. However, my visa was still denied. I feel like it’s not fair. Why do they grant others’ visas but not ours?
每年大概有3000-5000名理工科的学生因为该歧视性的禁令被美国政府拒签,这些受到禁令影响的学生组建了一个网站,在网上发起了众筹,准备起诉美国政府。截至发稿时,他们已经向美国法院正式提起诉讼,准备起诉美国国务卿布林肯等政府官员,目前诉讼正在进行中。
“我支持中国共产党是因为看到了他们的成果,因为我了解在这里发生了什么。当我初到中国时,这里存在着诸如腐败、铺张浪费、办事效率低下等问题。如今中国依然不够完美,但是无论你从哪个维度来衡量——医疗、教育、犯罪率、收入水平、经济发展、通胀率,从我们能想到的所有可以衡量的、与生活相关的各个正面维度来看,中国正在全方位地进步。” I support it because I've seen the results. I support it because I know what happened. When I first came to China, there were problems. There was corruption, and there was wastage, and there was inefficiencies. There's still some inefficiencies in China. It’s not perfect. But on every measurable metric that you can think of — health, education, crime, wealth, economy, inflation, every measurable metric that is possible for anybody to think of, that is a positive measurement of lifestyle, China is improving in every respect.
“问题在于如果我们要写一篇关于中国的正面报道,它可能会被排在报纸的第26版,或者干脆不被发表出来,但如果我大肆谈论中国异见人士,或者所谓的人权滥用,我就能登上头版头条。” Our problem is if we write a favorable story about China, it gets put on page 26 of the newspaper, or it's not covered at all. But if I talk about Chinese dissidents, or Chinese human rights abuses, then I get front page coverage.
“绝大多数西方媒体响应着美国号召,拼尽全力抹黑中国,这是美国下发的号令。” “The majority media echoes the priority of the United States that the media has grown into full anti-Chinese mode.”
“有规则的竞争”
“中国不会因为美国的意志或计划改变自己的发展路线。美国甚至都没办法按照自己的计划改变阿富汗,也未能按照自己的意愿改变古巴或者朝鲜。美国无法随心所欲改造多数国家,所以他们又如何出于自己的意愿改变中国呢?
It's impossible to change China according to America's will and plan. US even cannot change Afghanistan according to their plan. They cannot change Cuba according to their will. They cannot change Korea. Most of countries cannot be changed according to America's ideas. So how can they change China according to their ideas?
“我们必须足够聪明,找到一种方法,这不只是争论或是单方面陈述信息,或者给对方提出清单,我们需要真诚地相互交流、倾听,进行互动,想办法调和中美之间的不同利益,至少要避免冲突和危机发生。” “We have to be smart enough to figure out a way, not just to debate, not just to send messages, not just to present the other side with lists and demands, but genuinely to explore, to listen, to engage, and to find ways to reconcile our competing interests, and least to prevent conflict and crisis.”
中国的留学生被污名化,中美之间的人文交流被无端阻挠。中美之间最为关键的经济交流能在贸易战之后重新架起桥梁吗?中美之间的经济互动究竟是会成为双方合作的支点,还是两国争论的新焦点?起底工作室将在下一集中探索答案。
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