LXD 2.0 系列（十）：LXD 和 Juju

Juju 与 LXD 是一个完美的解决方案，从一个小的 Web 服务到大规模的基础设施都可以简单开发，这些都在你自己的机器上，并且不会在你的系统上造成混乱！

-- Stéphane Graber

本文导航

• -介绍05%

• -要求07%

• -设置 Juju08%

• -部署一个 minecraft 服务35%

• -部署一个更复杂的 web 应用51%

• -清理所有东西82%

• -总结89%

• -额外信息92%

编译自：  
作者： Stéphane Graber
译者： geekpi

这是 [1]的第十篇。

介绍

Juju 是 Canonical 的服务建模和部署工具。 它支持非常广泛的云服务提供商，使您能够轻松地在任何云上部署任何您想要的服务。

此外，Juju 2.0 还支持 LXD，既适用于本地部署，也适合开发，并且可以在云实例或物理机上共同协作。

本篇文章将关注本地使用，通过一个没有任何Juju经验的LXD用户来体验。

要求

本篇文章假设你已经安装了 LXD 2.0 并且配置完毕（看前面的文章），并且是在 Ubuntu 16.04 LTS 上运行的。

设置 Juju

第一件事是在 Ubuntu 16.04 上安装 Juju 2.0。这个很简单：

1. stgraber@dakara:~$ sudo apt install juju

2. Reading package lists... Done

3. Building dependency tree

4. Reading state information... Done

5. The following additional packages will be installed:

6. juju-2.0

7. Suggested packages:

8. juju-core

9. The following NEW packages will be installed:

10. juju juju-2.0

11. 0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.

12. Need to get 39.7 MB of archives.

13. After this operation, 269 MB of additional disk space will be used.

14. Do you want to continue? [Y/n]

15. Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 juju-2.0 amd64 2.0~beta7-0ubuntu1.16.04.1 [39.6 MB]

16. Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 juju all 2.0~beta7-0ubuntu1.16.04.1 [9,556 B]

17. Fetched 39.7 MB in 0s (53.4 MB/s)

18. Selecting previously unselected package juju-2.0.

19. (Reading database ... 255132 files and directories currently installed.)

20. Preparing to unpack .../juju-2.0_2.0~beta7-0ubuntu1.16.04.1_amd64.deb ...

21. Unpacking juju-2.0 (2.0~beta7-0ubuntu1.16.04.1) ...

22. Selecting previously unselected package juju.

23. Preparing to unpack .../juju_2.0~beta7-0ubuntu1.16.04.1_all.deb ...

24. Unpacking juju (2.0~beta7-0ubuntu1.16.04.1) ...

25. Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) ...

26. Setting up juju-2.0 (2.0~beta7-0ubuntu1.16.04.1) ...

27. Setting up juju (2.0~beta7-0ubuntu1.16.04.1) ...

安装完成后，我们可以使用 LXD 启动一个新的“控制器”。这意味着 Juju 不会修改你主机上的任何东西，它会在 LXD 容器中安装它的管理服务。

现在我们创建一个“test”控制器：

1. stgraber@dakara:~$ juju bootstrap localhost test

2. Creating Juju controller "local.test" on localhost/localhost

3. Bootstrapping model "admin"

4. Starting new instance for initial controller

5. Launching instance

6. - juju-745d1be3-e93d-41a2-80d4-fbe8714230dd-machine-0

7. Installing Juju agent on bootstrap instance

8. Preparing for Juju GUI 2.1.2 release installation

9. Waiting for address

10. Attempting to connect to 10.178.150.72:22

11. Logging to /var/log/cloud-init-output.log on remote host

12. Running apt-get update

13. Running apt-get upgrade

14. Installing package: curl

15. Installing package: cpu-checker

16. Installing package: bridge-utils

17. Installing package: cloud-utils

18. Installing package: cloud-image-utils

19. Installing package: tmux

20. Fetching tools: curl -sSfw 'tools from %{url_effective} downloaded: HTTP %{http_code}; time %{time_total}s; size %{size_download} bytes; speed %{speed_download} bytes/s ' --retry 10 -o $bin/tools.tar.gz <[https://streams.canonical.com/juju/tools/agent/2.0-beta7/juju-2.0-beta7-xenial-amd64.tgz]>

21. Bootstrapping Juju machine agent

22. Starting Juju machine agent (jujud-machine-0)

23. Bootstrap agent installed

24. Waiting for API to become available: upgrade in progress (upgrade in progress)

25. Waiting for API to become available: upgrade in progress (upgrade in progress)

26. Waiting for API to become available: upgrade in progress (upgrade in progress)

27. Bootstrap complete, local.test now available.

这会花费一点时间，这时你可以看到一个正在运行的一个新的 LXD 容器：

1. stgraber@dakara:~$ lxc list juju-

2. +-----------------------------------------------------+---------+----------------------+------+------------+-----------+

3. |                         NAME                        |  STATE  |          IPV4        | IPV6 |    TYPE    | SNAPSHOTS |

4. +-----------------------------------------------------+---------+----------------------+------+------------+-----------+

5. | juju-745d1be3-e93d-41a2-80d4-fbe8714230dd-machine-0 | RUNNING | 10.178.150.72 (eth0) |      | PERSISTENT | 0         |

6. +-----------------------------------------------------+---------+----------------------+------+------------+-----------+

在 Juju 这边，你可以确认它是有响应的，并且还没有服务运行：

1. stgraber@dakara:~$ juju status

2. [Services]

3. NAME STATUS EXPOSED CHARM

4. [Units]

5. ID WORKLOAD-STATUS JUJU-STATUS VERSION MACHINE PORTS PUBLIC-ADDRESS MESSAGE

6. [Machines]

7. ID STATE DNS INS-ID SERIES AZ

你也可以在浏览器中访问 Juju 的 GUI 界面：

1. stgraber@dakara:~$ juju gui

2. Opening the Juju GUI in your browser.

3. If it does not open, open this URL:

4. https://10.178.150.72:17070/gui/97fa390d-96ad-44df-8b59-e15fdcfc636b/

Juju web UI

不过我更倾向使用命令行，因此我会在接下来使用。

部署一个 minecraft 服务

让我们先来一个简单的，部署在一个容器中使用一个 Juju 单元的服务。

1. stgraber@dakara:~$ juju deploy cs:trusty/minecraft

2. Added charm "cs:trusty/minecraft-3" to the model.

3. Deploying charm "cs:trusty/minecraft-3" with the charm series "trusty".

命令返回会很快，然而这不意味着服务已经启动并运行了。你应该使用 juju status 来查看：

1. stgraber@dakara:~$ juju status

2. [Services]

3. NAME STATUS EXPOSED CHARM

4. minecraft maintenance false cs:trusty/minecraft-3

5. [Units]

6. ID WORKLOAD-STATUS JUJU-STATUS VERSION MACHINE PORTS PUBLIC-ADDRESS MESSAGE

7. minecraft/1 maintenance executing 2.0-beta7 1 10.178.150.74 (install) Installing java

8. [Machines]

9. ID STATE DNS INS-ID SERIES AZ

10. 1 started 10.178.150.74 juju-97fa390d-96ad-44df-8b59-e15fdcfc636b-machine-1 trusty

我们可以看到它正在忙于在刚刚创建的 LXD 容器中安装 java。

1. stgraber@dakara:~$ lxc list juju-

2. +-----------------------------------------------------+---------+----------------------+------+------------+-----------+

3. |                         NAME                        |  STATE  |          IPV4        | IPV6 |    TYPE    | SNAPSHOTS |

4. +-----------------------------------------------------+---------+----------------------+------+------------+-----------+

5. | juju-745d1be3-e93d-41a2-80d4-fbe8714230dd-machine-0 | RUNNING | 10.178.150.72 (eth0) |      | PERSISTENT | 0         |

6. +-----------------------------------------------------+---------+----------------------+------+------------+-----------+

7. | juju-97fa390d-96ad-44df-8b59-e15fdcfc636b-machine-1 | RUNNING | 10.178.150.74 (eth0) |      | PERSISTENT | 0         |

8. +-----------------------------------------------------+---------+----------------------+------+------------+-----------+

过一会之后，如我们所见服务就部署完毕了：

1. stgraber@dakara:~$ juju status

2. [Services]

3. NAME STATUS EXPOSED CHARM

4. minecraft active false cs:trusty/minecraft-3

5. [Units]

6. ID WORKLOAD-STATUS JUJU-STATUS VERSION MACHINE PORTS PUBLIC-ADDRESS MESSAGE

7. minecraft/1 active idle 2.0-beta7 1 25565/tcp 10.178.150.74 Ready

8. [Machines]

9. ID STATE DNS INS-ID SERIES AZ

10. 1 started 10.178.150.74 juju-97fa390d-96ad-44df-8b59-e15fdcfc636b-machine-1 trusty

这时你就可以启动你的 Minecraft 客户端了，将其指向 10.178.150.74，端口是 25565。现在可以在新的 minecraft 服务器上玩了！

当你不再需要它，只需运行：

1. stgraber@dakara:~$ juju destroy-service minecraft

只要等待几秒就好了。

部署一个更复杂的 web 应用

Juju 的主要工作是建模复杂的服务，并以可扩展的方式部署它们。

为了更好地展示，让我们部署一个 Juju “组合”。 这个组合是由网站，API，数据库，静态 Web 服务器和反向代理组成的基本 Web 服务。

所以这将扩展到 4 个互联的 LXD 容器。

1. stgraber@dakara:~$ juju deploy cs:~charmers/bundle/web-infrastructure-in-a-box

2. added charm cs:~hp-discover/trusty/node-app-1

3. service api deployed (charm cs:~hp-discover/trusty/node-app-1 with the series "trusty" defined by the bundle)

4. annotations set for service api

5. added charm cs:trusty/mongodb-3

6. service mongodb deployed (charm cs:trusty/mongodb-3 with the series "trusty" defined by the bundle)

7. annotations set for service mongodb

8. added charm cs:~hp-discover/trusty/nginx-4

9. service nginx deployed (charm cs:~hp-discover/trusty/nginx-4 with the series "trusty" defined by the bundle)

10. annotations set for service nginx

11. added charm cs:~hp-discover/trusty/nginx-proxy-3

12. service nginx-proxy deployed (charm cs:~hp-discover/trusty/nginx-proxy-3 with the series "trusty" defined by the bundle)

13. annotations set for service nginx-proxy

14. added charm cs:~hp-discover/trusty/website-3

15. service website deployed (charm cs:~hp-discover/trusty/website-3 with the series "trusty" defined by the bundle)

16. annotations set for service website

17. related mongodb:database and api:mongodb

18. related website:nginx-engine and nginx:web-engine

19. related api:website and nginx-proxy:website

20. related nginx-proxy:website and website:website

21. added api/0 unit to new machine

22. added mongodb/0 unit to new machine

23. added nginx/0 unit to new machine

24. added nginx-proxy/0 unit to new machine

25. deployment of bundle "cs:~charmers/bundle/web-infrastructure-in-a-box-10" completed

几秒后，你会看到 LXD 容器在运行了：

1. stgraber@dakara:~$ lxc list juju-

2. +-----------------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------+------+------------+-----------+

3. |                         NAME                        |  STATE  |           IPV4        | IPV6 |    TYPE    | SNAPSHOTS |

4. +-----------------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------+------+------------+-----------+

5. | juju-745d1be3-e93d-41a2-80d4-fbe8714230dd-machine-0 | RUNNING | 10.178.150.72 (eth0)  |      | PERSISTENT | 0         |

6. +-----------------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------+------+------------+-----------+

7. | juju-97fa390d-96ad-44df-8b59-e15fdcfc636b-machine-2 | RUNNING | 10.178.150.98 (eth0)  |      | PERSISTENT | 0         |

8. +-----------------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------+------+------------+-----------+

9. | juju-97fa390d-96ad-44df-8b59-e15fdcfc636b-machine-3 | RUNNING | 10.178.150.29 (eth0)  |      | PERSISTENT | 0         |

10. +-----------------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------+------+------------+-----------+

11. | juju-97fa390d-96ad-44df-8b59-e15fdcfc636b-machine-4 | RUNNING | 10.178.150.202 (eth0) |      | PERSISTENT | 0         |

12. +-----------------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------+------+------------+-----------+

13. | juju-97fa390d-96ad-44df-8b59-e15fdcfc636b-machine-5 | RUNNING | 10.178.150.214 (eth0) |      | PERSISTENT | 0         |

14. +-----------------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------+------+------------+-----------+

几分钟后，所有的服务应该部署完毕并运行了：

1. stgraber@dakara:~$ juju status

2. [Services]

3. NAME STATUS EXPOSED CHARM

4. api unknown false cs:~hp-discover/trusty/node-app-1

5. mongodb unknown false cs:trusty/mongodb-3

6. nginx unknown false cs:~hp-discover/trusty/nginx-4

7. nginx-proxy unknown false cs:~hp-discover/trusty/nginx-proxy-3

8. website false cs:~hp-discover/trusty/website-3

9. [Relations]

10. SERVICE1 SERVICE2 RELATION TYPE

11. api mongodb database regular

12. api nginx-proxy website regular

13. mongodb mongodb replica-set peer

14. nginx website nginx-engine subordinate

15. nginx-proxy website website regular

16. [Units]

17. ID WORKLOAD-STATUS JUJU-STATUS VERSION MACHINE PORTS PUBLIC-ADDRESS MESSAGE

18. api/0 unknown idle 2.0-beta7 2 8000/tcp 10.178.150.98

19. mongodb/0 unknown idle 2.0-beta7 3 27017/tcp,27019/tcp,27021/tcp,28017/tcp 10.178.150.29

20. nginx-proxy/0 unknown idle 2.0-beta7 5 80/tcp 10.178.150.214

21. nginx/0 unknown idle 2.0-beta7 4 10.178.150.202

22. website/0 unknown idle 2.0-beta7 10.178.150.202

23. [Machines]

24. ID STATE DNS INS-ID SERIES AZ

25. 2 started 10.178.150.98 juju-97fa390d-96ad-44df-8b59-e15fdcfc636b-machine-2 trusty

26. 3 started 10.178.150.29 juju-97fa390d-96ad-44df-8b59-e15fdcfc636b-machine-3 trusty

27. 4 started 10.178.150.202 juju-97fa390d-96ad-44df-8b59-e15fdcfc636b-machine-4 trusty

28. 5 started 10.178.150.214 juju-97fa390d-96ad-44df-8b59-e15fdcfc636b-machine-5 trusty

这时你就可以在 80 端口访问 http://10.178.150.214，并且会看到一个 Juju 学院页面。

清理所有东西

如果你不需要 Juju 创建的容器并且不在乎下次需要再次启动，最简单的方法是：

1. stgraber@dakara:~$ juju destroy-controller test --destroy-all-models

2. WARNING! This command will destroy the "local.test" controller.

3. This includes all machines, services, data and other resources.

4. Continue [y/N]? y

5. Destroying controller

6. Waiting for hosted model resources to be reclaimed

7. Waiting on 1 model, 4 machines, 5 services

8. Waiting on 1 model, 4 machines, 5 services

9. Waiting on 1 model, 4 machines, 5 services

10. Waiting on 1 model, 4 machines, 5 services

11. Waiting on 1 model, 4 machines, 5 services

12. Waiting on 1 model, 4 machines, 5 services

13. Waiting on 1 model, 4 machines

14. Waiting on 1 model, 4 machines

15. Waiting on 1 model, 4 machines

16. Waiting on 1 model, 4 machines

17. Waiting on 1 model, 4 machines

18. Waiting on 1 model, 4 machines

19. Waiting on 1 model, 2 machines

20. Waiting on 1 model

21. Waiting on 1 model

22. All hosted models reclaimed, cleaning up controller machines

我们用下面的方式确认：

1. stgraber@dakara:~$ lxc list juju-

2. +------+-------+------+------+------+-----------+

3. | NAME | STATE | IPV4 | IPV6 | TYPE | SNAPSHOTS |

4. +------+-------+------+------+------+-----------+

总结

Juju 2.0 内置的 LXD 支持使得可以用一种非常干净的方式来测试各种服务。

在 Juju charm store 中有很多预制的“组合”可以用来部署，甚至可以用多个“charm”来组合你想要的架构。

Juju 与 LXD 是一个完美的解决方案，从一个小的 Web 服务到大规模的基础设施都可以简单开发，这些都在你自己的机器上，并且不会在你的系统上造成混乱！

额外信息

Juju 网站： http://www.ubuntu.com/cloud/juju

Juju charm store ： https://jujucharms.com

LXD 的主站在： https://linuxcontainers.org/lxd

LXD 的 GitHub 仓库： https://github.com/lxc/lxd

LXD 的邮件列表： https://lists.linuxcontainers.org

LXD 的 IRC 频道： #lxcontainers on irc.freenode.net

如果你不想或者不能在你的机器上安装 LXD ，你可以在 web 上试试[11]。

---

作者简介：我是 Stéphane Graber。我是 LXC 和 LXD 项目的领导者，目前在加拿大魁北克蒙特利尔的家所在的Canonical 有限公司担任 LXD 的技术主管。

---

via: 

作者：[12] 译者： 校对：

本文由 [13] 原创编译， 荣誉推出

相关阅读

• [1]: LXD 2.0 系列介绍文章 - https://www.stgraber.org/2016/03/11/lxd-2-0-blog-post-series-012/

• [2]: LXD 入门 - https://linux.cn/article-7618-1.html

• [3]: 安装与配置 - https://linux.cn/article-7687-1.html

• [4]: 你的第一个 LXD 容器 - https://linux.cn/article-7706-1.html

• [5]: 资源控制 - https://linux.cn/article-8072-1.html

• [6]: 镜像管理 - https://linux.cn/article-8107-1.html

• [7]: 远程主机及容器迁移 - https://linux.cn/article-8169-1.html

• [8]: LXD 中的 Docker - https://linux.cn/article-8235-1.html

• [9]: LXD 中的 LXD - https://linux.cn/article-8257-1.html

• [10]: 实时迁移 - https://linux.cn/article-8263-1.html

• [11]: 在线版的 LXD - https://linuxcontainers.org/lxd/try-it

• [12]: Stéphane Graber - https://www.stgraber.org/author/stgraber/

• [13]: LCTT - https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject

推荐文章

< 左右滑动查看相关文章 >

输入文章 ID 或长按二维码直达