【研】北外高翻2020考研初试真题回忆
a wide (range) of....
diaster (mitigation)......,
( ) landmine......
(peace and security),
(friendly) relations,
...encourage (cooperation?) for each others' rights and...
members must avoid using arms and ( forbid? ) to use it.
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来源：Wikipedia
①供求关系
②垄断企业（monopoly）：行业内没有可以匹敌的对手，比如1990s的微软
③信用评级
④债主/债权人 creditor
⑤法官依据以前的案例记录下的judgement叫啥，
⑥证词/口供 testimony
⑦知识产权：指的是版权、商标…
无论英国提出什么样的协议，都需要经过下议院（House of Commons）的同意。约翰逊提出的脱欧协议对英国和欧盟都不利，可能会让英国民众的年收入年下降百分之六，约2000英镑；和以前公投时设想的方案也没什么关系。北爱尔兰本来经济就不好，威尔士和苏格兰也反对脱欧，脱离英国统治的民意呼声不断高涨。
但是有些人还是急着赶紧把这事儿办了…
出现的生词：itch, wretched, scupper...
6句话，30分。
Beyond the summit
Any deal struck between Britain and the EU should be put to voters.
The proposed Brexit agreement is quite different to anything advertised at the referendum in 2016
AS WE WENT to press on October 17th Britain’s prime minister, Boris Johnson, and Jean-Claude Juncker, president of the European Commission, announced that a Brexit deal had been reached. Any agreement made in Brussels would still have to be approved by Britain’s cantankerous House of Commons, which threw out the deal that was struck late last year and may scupper any future one, too. Nonetheless, the new—and welcome—willingness of both sides to compromise suggests that, whatever happens in the next few days, the odds of a chaotic no-deal exit have lengthened considerably.
That is a relief for all parties, and particularly Britain, which stood to suffer the most from crashing out. Yet it is hardly time to celebrate. The outlines of a draft deal that were being circulated as the European summit began were pretty grim for Britain. Excitement at the prospect of at last “getting Brexit done”, as Mr Johnson puts it, should not obscure the fact that his proposed deal would be bad for the economy, bad for the union, and bear little relation to what voters narrowly backed in a referendum more than three years ago.
The deal that seems to be taking shape is economically worse for Britain than the one negotiated by Theresa May last year. It would remove the unpopular “Irish backstop” arrangement by taking Britain out of the EU’s customs union altogether, and scrapping a promise to maintain regulatory alignment with the bloc. That would erect barriers to trade with what is by far Britain’s biggest partner. Unless things were to change dramatically during the short transition period, within ten years Mr Johnson’s deal would have reduced Britain’s total trade by about 13%, making people roughly 6%, or £2,000 ($2,560) a year, poorer than they would otherwise have been, one estimate finds. That is almost a third more than the hit that would have been delivered by Mrs May’s deal.
Mr Johnson’s deal would also, in effect, establish a customs border between mainland Britain and Northern Ireland. Not only would this make life harder for businesses in the region, one of the poorest in the United Kingdom. It would also risk inflaming sectarian tensions, just as a border between north and south would have done. The Good Friday peace agreement of 1998 rested on the idea that the Northern Irish could feel equally part of Britain or Ireland, or both. Building a customs barrier in the Irish Sea would rattle that agreement.
Nor is that the only part of the union that is coming loose. Since the Brexit referendum, support for independence has been growing in Scotland, where polls now put it at 50% and rising. The ruling Scottish National Party believes that a second independence referendum will be given the green light within two years (see article). An earlier one, in 2014, was an uncomfortably close-run thing. Brexit, which Scots voted strongly against, could well tip the next vote the other way. Meanwhile, even in Wales, long the most contented member of the union, independence has crept back on the agenda. One recent poll found that 40% of the Welsh would gladly leave Britain, if it means they could stay in the EU after Brexit.
It may be that English voters are itching so badly to break free of Europe that they see all this as a reasonable price. Three years of wretched talks have made everyone keen to get the whole thing over with. Perhaps a majority are willing to forgo a couple of thousand pounds a year, and a nation or two. But there is a grave risk that voters are no longer up for this. Mr Johnson’s proposed deal carries a much heavier economic and constitutional cost than any plan advertised when they were asked for their opinion back in 2016. Most polls suggest a majority have since cooled on the idea of Brexit and, given the choice, would now vote to remain. It is good news that a deal has been struck. But it would be no triumph of democracy if it were pushed through without first being put to a confirmatory popular vote.
原文链接：
https://www.economist.com/leaders/2019/10/17/any-deal-struck-between-britain-and-the-eu-should-be-put-to-voters
*Hundreds of transnational companies? started various businesses in China.
*A locality has its own interest, a nation has its interest, and a ***has its interest.
*Do not try to predict future events..., the past history...that it is the final outcome of minor events that surprise us more.
什么科技会对未来产生巨大影响？Don Tapscott说： “不是社交媒体，不是大数据，不是机器人，甚至也不是AI，而是比特币这类数字货币的底层技术——区块链。”
为了保证交易安全，出现了中介，但是中介（intermediaries）也带来一系列问题。
而区块链就无需中介，可以在交易方之间建立信任。因此，区块链也被称为"Protocol of Trust"。
Constantine and Christianity
The cultural and religious crisis through which the Roman Empire was passing in the fourth century is one of the most significant events in the history of the world. The old pagan culture came into collision with Christianity, which received official recognition during the reign of Constantine at the beginning of the fourth century and was declared the dominant State religion by Theodosius the Great at the end of that same century. It might have seemed at first that these two clashing elements, representing two diametrically opposed points of view, would never find a basis for mutual agreement. But Christianity and pagan Hellenism did intermix gradually to form a Christian-Greco-Eastern culture subsequently known as Byzantine. Its center was the new capital of the Roman Empire, Constantinople.
The person who was chiefly responsible for the many changes in the empire was Constantine the Great. During his reign Christianity stepped for the first time on the firm ground of official recognition. From this time forward the old pagan empire gradually changed into a Christian empire.
The conversion of nations or states to Christianity has usually taken place during the early stage of their historical existence when the past has created no firmly established traditions, but merely some crude and primitive customs and forms of government. In such cases the conversion has caused no great crisis in the life of the people. But this was not characteristic of the Roman Empire in the fourth century. It already possessed an old world culture and had developed forms of government perfect for that time. It had a great past and an extensive body of ideas which had been assimilated by the population.
This empire, changing in the fourth century into a Christian state, entered upon an era during which its past was contradicted, at times completely denied; this was bound to lead to an extremely acute and difficult crisis.
https://www.ellopos.net/elpenor/vasilief/constantine-christianity.asp%E2%80%8B
程颢的“识仁”说。程颢伦理学的最重要特点强调“识仁”。而“识仁”之所以重要，是因为“仁”对于个人的修养及其在社会活动中的指导作用具有根本性，如他说：
“学者须先识仁。仁者，浑然与物同体。义礼、知、信皆仁也。识得此理，以诚敬存之而已，不须防检，不须穷索。”
相对于大程的“识仁”说，小程论仁的思想非常丰富，他仔细地辩析了仁与博爱，仁与圣，仁与孝、仁与心的异同，体现了小程子哲学思想的分析精神。
他接受程颐的说法，将仁看作“爱之理，心之德”，认为“爱是恻隐，恻隐是情，其理则谓之仁。人之所以为人，其理则天地之理，其气则天地之气。
在“求仁”的问题上，朱子不反对致知、格物、博学、审问、慎思、明辩、力行等多种途径，但关键处还是要“存得此心。”他特别强调“仁是温和之物”的特征，说道：仁虽似有刚直意，毕竟本是个温和之物。譬如说屋，不论屋是木做柱，竹做壁，却只是说屋如此大，容得许多物。如万物为一，只是说得仁之量。
到近代之初，谭嗣同在西方现代文化的强大力量冲击下，提出“仁以通为第一义”的新仁学思想，已经将古老的儒家“仁学”思想与近现代的人道主义思想结合在一起了，与其他戊戌维新之士一道，开启了中国现代思想运动。
7.【直播】北外高翻会口、贸大口译、南大笔译、北大笔译保研分享
连续12届（2008-2019）
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2011“中欧交流年”独家翻译服务提供机构
2010上海世博会翻译服务提供商
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