Kotlin 就像Swift ？看看 Kotlin 与 Swift 的简单对比
文章转载自 开源中国社区
链接：www.oschina.net/news/85013/swift-is-like-kotlin（点击尾部阅读原文前往）
原文：http://nilhcem.com/swift-is-like-kotlin/
一位国外的程序员认为 Swift 的语法与 Kotlin 相似，并整理了一些 Swift 和 Kotlin 的对比，下面是一些例子，大家不妨也看看。
BASICS
Hello World
Swift
print("Hello, world!")
Kotlin
println("Hello, world!")
变量和常量
Swift
var myVariable = 42
myVariable = 50
let myConstant = 42
Kotlin
var myVariable = 42
myVariable = 50
val myConstant = 42
显式类型
Swift
let explicitDouble: Double = 70
Kotlin
val explicitDouble: Double = 70.0
强制类型转换
Swift
let label = "The width is "
let width = 94
let widthLabel = label + String(width)
Kotlin
val label = "The width is "
val width = 94
val widthLabel = label + width
字符串插值
Swift
let apples = 3
let oranges = 5
let fruitSummary = "I have (apples + oranges) " +
"pieces of fruit."
Kotlin
val apples = 3
val oranges = 5
val fruitSummary = "I have ${apples + oranges} " +
"pieces of fruit."
范围操作符
Swift
let names = ["Anna", "Alex", "Brian", "Jack"]
let count = names.count
for i in 0..
Kotlin
val names = arrayOf("Anna", "Alex", "Brian", "Jack")
val count = names.count()
for (i in 0..count - 1) {
println("Person ${i + 1} is called ${names[i]}")
}
// Person 1 is called Anna
// Person 2 is called Alex
// Person 3 is called Brian
// Person 4 is called Jack
包罗广泛的范围操作符（Inclusive Range Operator）
Swift
for index in 1...5 {
print("(index) times 5 is (index * 5)")
}
// 1 times 5 is 5
// 2 times 5 is 10
// 3 times 5 is 15
// 4 times 5 is 20
// 5 times 5 is 25
Kotlin
for (index in 1..5) {
println("$index times 5 is ${index * 5}")
}
// 1 times 5 is 5
// 2 times 5 is 10
// 3 times 5 is 15
// 4 times 5 is 20
// 5 times 5 is 25
BASICS
数组
Swift
var shoppingList = ["catfish", "water",
"tulips", "blue paint"]
shoppingList[1] = "bottle of water"
Kotlin
val shoppingList = arrayOf("catfish", "water",
"tulips", "blue paint")
shoppingList[1] = "bottle of water"
映射
Swift
var occupations = [
"Malcolm": "Captain",
"Kaylee": "Mechanic",
]
occupations["Jayne"] = "Public Relations"
Kotlin
val occupations = mutableMapOf(
"Malcolm" to "Captain",
"Kaylee" to "Mechanic"
)
occupations["Jayne"] = "Public Relations"
空集合
Swift
let emptyArray = [String]()
let emptyDictionary = [String: Float]()
Kotlin
val emptyArray = arrayOf()
val emptyMap = mapOf()
FUNCTIONS
函数
Swift
func greet(_ name: String,_ day: String) -> String {
return "Hello (name), today is (day)."
}
greet("Bob", "Tuesday")
Kotlin
fun greet(name: String, day: String): String {
return "Hello $name, today is $day."
}
greet("Bob", "Tuesday")
元组返回
Swift
func getGasPrices() -> (Double, Double, Double) {
return (3.59, 3.69, 3.79)
}
Kotlin
data class GasPrices(val a: Double, val b: Double,
val c: Double)
fun getGasPrices() = GasPrices(3.59, 3.69, 3.79)
参数的变量数目（Variable Number Of Arguments）
Swift
func sumOf(_ numbers: Int...) -> Int {
var sum = 0
for number in numbers {
sum += number
}
return sum
}
sumOf(42, 597, 12)
Kotlin
fun sumOf(vararg numbers: Int): Int {
var sum = 0
for (number in numbers) {
sum += number
}
return sum
}
sumOf(42, 597, 12)
// sumOf() can also be written in a shorter way:
fun sumOf(vararg numbers: Int) = numbers.sum()
函数类型
Swift
func makeIncrementer() -> (Int -> Int) {
func addOne(number: Int) -> Int {
return 1 + number
}
return addOne
}
let increment = makeIncrementer()
increment(7)
Kotlin
fun makeIncrementer(): (Int) -> Int {
val addOne = fun(number: Int): Int {
return 1 + number
}
return addOne
}
val increment = makeIncrementer()
increment(7)
// makeIncrementer can also be written in a shorter way:
fun makeIncrementer() = fun(number: Int) = 1 + number
映射
Swift
let numbers = [20, 19, 7, 12]
numbers.map { 3 * $0 }
Kotlin
val numbers = listOf(20, 19, 7, 12)
numbers.map { 3 * it }
排序
Swift
var mutableArray = [1, 5, 3, 12, 2]
mutableArray.sort()
Kotlin
listOf(1, 5, 3, 12, 2).sorted()
命名参数
Swift
func area(width: Int, height: Int) -> Int {
return width * height
}
area(width: 2, height: 3)
Kotlin
fun area(width: Int, height: Int) = width * height
area(width = 2, height = 3)
// This is also possible with named arguments
area(2, height = 2)
area(height = 3, width = 2)
CLASSES
声明
Swift
class Shape {
var numberOfSides = 0
func simpleDescription() -> String {
return "A shape with (numberOfSides) sides."
}
}
Kotlin
class Shape {
var numberOfSides = 0
fun simpleDescription() =
"A shape with $numberOfSides sides."
}
用法
Swift
var shape = Shape()
shape.numberOfSides = 7
var shapeDescription = shape.simpleDescription()
Kotlin
var shape = Shape()
shape.numberOfSides = 7
var shapeDescription = shape.simpleDescription()
子类
Swift
class NamedShape {
var numberOfSides: Int = 0
let name: String
init(name: String) {
self.name = name
}
func simpleDescription() -> String {
return "A shape with (numberOfSides) sides."
}
}
class Square: NamedShape {
var sideLength: Double
init(sideLength: Double, name: String) {
self.sideLength = sideLength
super.init(name: name)
self.numberOfSides = 4
}
func area() -> Double {
return sideLength * sideLength
}
override func simpleDescription() -> String {
return "A square with sides of length " +
sideLength + "."
}
}
let test = Square(sideLength: 5.2, name: "square")
test.area()
test.simpleDescription()
Kotlin
open class NamedShape(val name: String) {
var numberOfSides = 0
open fun simpleDescription() =
"A shape with $numberOfSides sides."
}
class Square(var sideLength: BigDecimal, name: String) :
NamedShape(name) {
init {
numberOfSides = 4
}
fun area() = sideLength.pow(2)
override fun simpleDescription() =
"A square with sides of length $sideLength."
}
val test = Square(BigDecimal("5.2"), "square")
test.area()
test.simpleDescription()
类型检查
Swift
var movieCount = 0
var songCount = 0
for item in library {
if item is Movie {
movieCount += 1
} else if item is Song {
songCount += 1
}
}
Kotlin
var movieCount = 0
var songCount = 0
for (item in library) {
if (item is Movie) {
++movieCount
} else if (item is Song) {
++songCount
}
}
模式匹配
Swift
let nb = 42
switch nb {
case 0...7, 8, 9: print("single digit")
case 10: print("double digits")
case 11...99: print("double digits")
case 100...999: print("triple digits")
default: print("four or more digits")
}
Kotlin
val nb = 42
when (nb) {
in 0..7, 8, 9 -> println("single digit")
10 -> println("double digits")
in 11..99 -> println("double digits")
in 100..999 -> println("triple digits")
else -> println("four or more digits")
}
类型向下转换
Swift
for current in someObjects {
if let movie = current as? Movie {
print("Movie: '(movie.name)', " +
"dir. (movie.director)")
}
}
Kotlin
for (current in someObjects) {
if (current is Movie) {
println("Movie: '${current.name}', " +
"dir. ${current.director}")
}
}
协议
Swift
protocol Nameable {
func name() -> String
}
func f(x: T) {
print("Name is " + x.name())
}
Kotlin
interface Nameable {
fun name(): String
}
fun f(x: T) {
println("Name is " + x.name())
}
扩展
Swift
extension Double {
var km: Double { return self * 1_000.0 }
var m: Double { return self }
var cm: Double { return self / 100.0 }
var mm: Double { return self / 1_000.0 }
var ft: Double { return self / 3.28084 }
}
let oneInch = 25.4.mm
print("One inch is (oneInch) meters")
// prints "One inch is 0.0254 meters"
let threeFeet = 3.ft
print("Three feet is (threeFeet) meters")
// prints "Three feet is 0.914399970739201 meters"
Kotlin
val Double.km: Double get() = this * 1000
val Double.m: Double get() = this
val Double.cm: Double get() = this / 100
val Double.mm: Double get() = this / 1000
val Double.ft: Double get() = this / 3.28084
val oneInch = 25.4.mm
println("One inch is $oneInch meters")
// prints "One inch is 0.0254 meters"
val threeFeet = 3.0.ft
println("Three feet is $threeFeet meters")
// prints "Three feet is 0.914399970739201 meters"
小贴士：返回上一级搜索“Kotlin、“Swift” 获取更多相关文章。
●本文编号2384，以后想阅读这篇文章直接输入2384即可。
●输入m获取文章目录
安卓开发
更多推荐《15个技术类公众微信》
涵盖：程序人生、算法与数据结构、黑客技术与网络安全、大数据技术、前端开发、Java、Python、Web开发、安卓开发、iOS开发、C/C++、.NET、Linux、数据库、运维等。