通过！可持续发展政治宣言

© 联合国图片/Cia Pak | 可持续发展目标峰会在纽约联合国总部大会堂举行。

联合国大会第78届会议刚刚举行了可持续发展高级别政治论坛。各国领导人及高级代表一致通过政治宣言，承诺加快行动，实现17项可持续发展目标，促进经济繁荣和所有人的福祉，同时保护环境。

联合国秘书长古特雷斯在开幕式上发表讲话指出，可持续发展目标不仅是一系列目标，还承载着世界各地人民的希望、梦想、权利和期望。

联合国秘书长古特雷斯致辞

可持续发展高级别政治论坛

Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen,

Eight years ago, Member States gathered in this Hall to adopt the Sustainable Development Goals.

With the world watching — including 193 young people in the balcony holding blue lamps of hope — you made a solemn promise.

A promise to build a world of health, progress and opportunity for all.

A promise to leave no one behind.

And a promise to pay for it.

This was not a promise made to one another as diplomats from the comfort of this chamber.

It was — always — a promise to people.

People crushed under the grinding wheels of poverty.

People starving in a world of plenty.

Children denied a seat in a classroom.

Families fleeing conflicts, seeking a better life.  

Parents watching helplessly as their children die of preventable disease.

People losing hope because they can’t find a job — or a safety net when they need it.  

Entire communities literally on devastation’s doorstep because of a changing climate.

The SDGs aren’t just a list of goals.

They carry the hopes, dreams, aspirations and expectations of people everywhere.  

And they provide the surest path to living up to our obligations under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, now in its 75th year.

Yet today, only 15 per cent of the targets are on track.

Many are going in reverse.  

Instead of leaving no one behind, we risk leaving the SDGs behind.

Excellencies,

The SDGs need a global rescue plan.

I am deeply encouraged by the detailed and wide-ranging political declaration under discussion here today — especially its commitment to improving developing countries’ access to the fuel required for SDG progress: finance.

This includes your clear support for an SDG Stimulus of at least $500 billion a year, as well as an effective debt-relief mechanism that supports payment suspensions, longer lending terms, and lower rates.

It includes your call to re-capitalize and change the business model of Multilateral Development Banks so they can massively leverage private finance at affordable rates to benefit developing countries.

And it includes your endorsement of reforming today’s outdated, dysfunctional and unfair international financial architecture.  

This can be a game-changer in accelerating SDG progress.

I have called for a new Bretton Woods moment, and the development of practical solutions by the Summit of the Future next September.

But countries can act right now to get the SDGs on track.

Together with businesses, local authorities, the UN development system and more, you have helped point the way with high-impact initiatives to support six targeted areas where urgent transitions are needed.

First — we must take action on hunger.

In our world of plenty, hunger is a shocking stain on humanity, and an epic human rights violation.

It is an indictment of every one of us that millions of people are starving in this day and age.

Building on July’s Food Systems Summit Stocktake, we are marshalling finance, science, data, innovations, and policy and governance support to help countries transform food systems so all people can access a healthy and nutritious diet.

Second — the transition to renewable energy isn’t happening fast enough.

We’re putting forward new Energy Compacts in which governments, businesses and global organizations join forces to invest in decarbonizing energy systems, and ensuring a just and equitable transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy.  

Third — the benefits and opportunities of digitalization are not being spread widely enough.  

To close the divide, we have launched an initiative to spur digital transformation across 100 countries, supporting stronger technology capacities, better governance, and innovative financing.

Our proposed Global Digital Compact will help countries build safe digital systems that provide internet access for all — including for students in hard-to-reach communities.

Fourth — too many children and young people are victims of poor quality education, or no education at all.

We need to build true “learning societies” anchored in quality education — including lifelong learning from the earliest years to adulthood — closing the digital divide, and supporting teachers every step of the way.

An emerging group of “frontrunner countries” is leading the way in boosting investment and transforming education systems around the world.

Fifth — people need decent work and social protection.

Working with governments and the private sector, our Global Accelerator on Jobs and Social Protection for Just Transitions aims to create 400 million new decent jobs — especially in the green, care and digital economies — and extend social protection to over four billion people. Investments in social protection should be massively increased.

And sixth — the war on nature must stop.

We must end the triple planetary crisis of climate change, pollution and biodiversity loss.

We’re building a group of champion countries to explore how to reform economic policies, and put nature and biodiversity at the heart of all decision-making.

Cutting across all of these transitions is the need to ensure full gender equality.

It’s long past time to end discrimination, ensure a place at every table for women and girls, and the end the scourge of gender-based violence.  

Excellencies,

At the halfway point to the SDG deadline, the eyes of the world are on you once again.

Over the course of the weekend, young people and civil society groups came to the UN — or marched in communities around the world — demanding urgent action.

Now is the time to prove you are listening.

We can prevail.

If we act now.

If we act together.

If we keep our promise to the billions of people whose hopes, dreams and futures you hold in your hands.

Now is the time.

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一、现状

关键词：倒退

2015年，世界各国领导人通过可持续发展目标，承诺不让任何一个人掉队。这些目标包括消除极端贫困和饥饿、确保获得清洁饮水和卫生设施以及清洁能源，以及提供普及优质教育和终身学习的机会。

每项目标都包含具体目标，共有169个具体目标，但古特雷斯警告说，只有15%的目标步入正轨，许多目标甚至出现了逆转。不过，本次政治宣言“可以促进变革，加快可持续发展目标的进展”。

宣言承诺为发展中国家提供资金，明确支持古特雷斯提出的每年至少5000亿美元的可持续发展目标刺激方案，以及有效的债务减免机制。

宣言还进一步呼吁改变多边开发银行的商业模式，以更可负担的利率为发展中国家提供私人资金，并支持改革被古特雷斯称为“过时、失调和不公平”的国际金融架构。

关键词：数以百万计的人口仍在挨饿

古特雷斯强调需要在六个关键领域采取行动，首先是解决饥饿问题，他称饥饿是“人类的糟糕污点，是对人权的严重侵犯”。

他说：“在当今时代，数以百万计的人口仍在挨饿，这是对我们每一个人的控诉。”

他指出，向可再生能源的转型仍有待提速，而数字化的益处和机会也没有得到足够广泛的传播。

二、举措

关键词：教育不能等待

古特雷斯表示，世界各地仍有许多儿童和年轻人要么是低质量教育的受害者，要么根本没有接受过教育。然后，他强调了提供体面工作和社会保护的必要性。最后，他呼吁结束人类对自然的战争，结束气候变化、污染和生物多样性丧失等“三重地球危机”。

© Education Cannot Wait | 黎巴嫩受危机影响的儿童和青少年面临教育挑战。

关键词：确保性别平等

古特雷斯说：“跨越所有这些转变，需要确保全面实现性别平等。我们早就应该消除歧视，确保妇女和女童在每张桌上都有一席之地，并结束性别暴力的祸害。”

他强调了联合国在各个领域的应对措施，包括推动全球粮食体系转型，使每个人都能获得健康饮食的举措。

此外，还需要增加对可再生能源转型的投资，促进人人享有互联网接入，创造4亿份新的“体面工作”，并将社会保护范围扩大到400多万人。

© 联合国妇女署 / Niels den Hollander | 2015年，柬埔寨有数百人参加了暹粒赛跑，对暴力侵害妇女行为说“不”。 

三、承诺

关键词：坚定承诺 抓住时机

联合国经济及社会理事会主席葆拉·纳瓦埃斯（Paula Narváez）对宣言的通过备受鼓舞，称其证明了各国领导人对落实可持续发展目标的坚定承诺。

为期两天的可持续发展目标峰会是本届联大高级别周的核心活动，纳瓦埃斯还谈到了气候雄心峰会和发展筹资问题高级别对话这两项活动。

纳瓦埃斯表示，发展筹资问题高级别对话将讨论国际金融架构改革的必要性，使其能够同时应对当前的需求和新出现的挑战。

与此同时，气候雄心峰会为世界在气候行动方面取得决定性进展提供了契机，并要求各国做出更及时、更具针对性的努力。

你知道吗？

什么是可持续发展？

◎ 可持续发展指在不损害后代人满足其自身需要的能力的前提下满足当代人的需要的发展。

◎ 可持续发展要求为人类和地球建设一个具有包容性、可持续性和韧性的未来而共同努力。

◎ 要实现可持续发展，必须协调三大核心要素：经济增长、社会包容和环境保护。这些因素是相互关联的，且对个人和社会的福祉都至关重要。

气候变化与可持续发展有何关联？

◎ 气候变化已经在影响公众健康、粮食和水安全、移徙以及和平与安全。如不对气候变化加以控制，我们在过去几十年中取得的进展将发生倒退，不可能取得更多进展。

◎ 对可持续发展的投资将降低温室气体排放和增强气候适应能力，从而有助于应对气候变化。反过来，应对气候变化的行动将促进可持续发展。

◎ 应对气候变化和促进可持续发展相辅相成；如果不采取气候行动，便无法实现可持续发展。反过来，许多可持续发展目标也致力于应对导致气候变化的核心问题。

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