解读美国《国家BIM指南-业主篇》意见征求稿

剑指合同关键问题 业主BIM三大关注

概述

2016年9月中旬，美国国家建筑科学研究院发布了《National BIM Guide for Owners》意见征求稿，并计划于2017年1月正式发布。该《指南》基于建筑业主的立场，定义BIM为实现建筑目标的有效工具，业主应关注的BIM三大核心问题：流程、基础与标准、执行。

BIM推动至今，已在全球建筑项目中得到了普遍应用，但几乎全是建筑界及技术界人士在指点江山，“见多识广”的建筑业主却没有得到真正的关注。本《指南》构建业主BIM项目操作程序与标准，给业主BIM项目的合同制定与项目实施提供有效指导与依据。

本《指南》的核心点如下：

1

本《指南》的目的

　　To outline for the building Owner how to develop and implement requirements for the application of Building Information Modeling (BIM) for internal policies and procedures, and explain how to include these requirements in contracts to plan, design, construct and operate buildings

　　■建筑业主的内部政策与程序：BIM应用需求的识别与实施

　　■建筑业主BIM相关合同条款的依据(规划、设计、建造与运营合同)

2

业主使用BIM的目的

　　Merely requiring BIM on a project does not equate to success if the Owner’s goals for the project are not clearly set and BIM requirements do not correlate to achieving those goals. BIM must be well planned and properly executed; not just BIM, but “BIM DONE RIGHT,”　aligning the right amount and types of resources to achieve the right results

　　■BIM不等于项目成功

　　■精心规划与合理实施;不为BIM而BIM，BIM应恰如其分，集成所需资源以实现预期结果

3

业主BIM三大关注-流程

　　The Process for using BIM effectively on a project begins with defining BIM requirements in the Owner's contracts with service providers (to plan, design, construct, and operate the building) and with other stakeholders based on the project delivery method (design-bid-build, design-build, IPD, etc.).Early on, a successful BIM process includes identifying the roles and responsibilities of key project stakeholders with respect to information modeling as well as creating a BIM Project Execution Plan (PxP), an outcome-driven BIM roadmap that details how the project will be completed. Process also includes managing the project for compliance with the PxP and contract requirements, including the project deliverables.

　　■BIM流程的起点是业主合同，不同交付方式(如DBB、DB或IPD)要求不同

　　■早期的BIM程序：识别BIM相关关键角色和职责，制定BIM项目执行计划

　　BIM角色与职责图示

　　BIM项目执行计划程序

4

业主BIM三大关注-基础与标准

　　Infrastructure and standards acknowledges the high degree of human collaboration and software interoperability needed for successful project information modeling, particularly as the project moves from phase to phase. To achieve the necessary level of interactivity, the Owner must require all members of the Project BIM Team to adhere to a framework of standards and structures from the project’s onset

　　■人员紧密协同与软件充分兼容是项目信息模型化成功的必要条件

　　■所有的项目BIM团队成员自项目一开始就必须坚持一个统一的框架结构标准

　　全生命期模型要求：示例流程

5

业主BIM三大关注-执行

　　Execution encompasses creating a Project Execution Plan (PxP), a master plan for how information　modeling will be done and managed, at the inception of a project. The PxP documents the Owner’s and the Project BIM Team’s mutual agreement on how, by whom, when, why, to what level, and for what project outcomes (called “BIM Uses”) information modeling will be used

　　■BIM项目执行计划是信息模型的主计划，在项目概念期就需要被制定出来

　　■BIM项目执行计划是业主与项目BIM团队的书面共识与约定：怎样应用?由谁?什么时间?为什么?什么程度?什么项目产出?

　　最小BIM应用示例

6

《指南》目录

　　《指南》目录框架逻辑简洁，重点突出，翻译如下，以供大家参考。

7

潜在影响

　　■对BIMer而言是大利好，《指南》的推出本身证明了BIM的价值，也必然会加速BIM的发展

　　■本《指南》背后关联诸多美国BIM技术与实施标准，当面对国际建筑业主时，国内承包商有可能会受到诸多标准限制，甚至掉入“合同陷阱”

延伸阅读

点击“阅读原文”体验一次简单不过的微信编辑体验，不用太久，不用太难，瞬间即可！