晚清曾国藩首次登上TOP5刊!!!
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晚清风云人物曾国藩,出现在了Quarterly Journal of Economics上,具体为《权力之网:精英网络如何塑造中国的战争和政治》。该文讲述了晚清风云人物曾国藩如何利用其个人精英网络组织军队镇压叛乱,以及这些网络如何影响了国家的权力分配。
Ying Bai, Ruixue Jia, Jiaojiao Yang, Web of Power: How Elite Networks Shaped War and Politics in China, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2022 Scholars have argued that powerful individuals can exert influence on the path of a nation’s development. Yet the process through which people can have an effect on macro-level political economy outcomes remains unclear. This study uses the deadliest civil war in modern history, the Taiping Rebellion (1850–1864), to elucidate how one person—Zeng Guofan—used his personal elite networks to organize an army to suppress the rebellion, and how these networks would affect the nation’s power distribution. Two findings stand out: (i) counties that already had more prewar elites in Zeng’s networks experienced an increase in soldier deaths after he took power; and (ii) postwar political power shifted significantly toward the home counties of these elites, creating a less balanced national-level power distribution. Our findings highlight how micro-level elite networks can influence national politics and societal power distribution, shedding new light on the relationship between elites, war, and the state.
百度上的背景资料:
咸丰三年(1853年),借着清政府急于寻求力量镇压太平天国的时机,他因势在其家乡湖南一带,依靠师徒、亲戚、好友等复杂的人际关系,建立了一支地方团练,称为湘勇,并向清廷上书征用了还只是都司的塔齐布。八月,曾国藩获准在衡州练兵,“凡枪炮刀锚之模式,帆樯桨橹之位置,无不躬自演试,殚竭思力” 。湘军领导层均出身于耕读之家,自幼饱读诗书,深受湖湘学风的熏染,尊奉程朱理学、主张学以致用。并派人赴广东购买西洋火炮,筹建水师。在组建湘军时,曾国藩首先面临的难题是,要向勇卒发高于绿营兵一倍的饷银,还要买洋炮和制械。曾国藩以保卫家乡的名义向乡绅摊派,但所得不多。于是,曾国藩向咸丰帝求了几千张清朝最高学历“监生”的文凭和虚衔官职的空白任命状,然后明码标价出售。南方几省的士绅出钱就能买到真文凭和空头官职。靠这种出售功名、卖官鬻爵的办法,曾国藩在咸丰四年(1854年)建成了一支人数达1.7万并装备有几百门洋炮的湘军。团练湘勇期间,他严肃军纪,先后将5000人的湘勇分为塔、罗、王、李等十营,并将团练地点由长沙迁至湘潭,避免与长沙的绿营发生直接矛盾。
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基准结果:
三重差分设计:
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