北大浙大学霸倾囊相授: 英语怎样才能厚积薄发?写作怎样才能拿高分?

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今天，学习哥给同学们带来的是来自北京大学、浙江大学两位学霸的学习秘籍。英语是一门需要厚积薄发的学科，那么怎么才能事半功倍？英语写作如此重要，怎么才能有效提高自己的写作能力？他们给出的这些实用建议，希望能帮到你！

关于英语学习方法

作者 李雅婷

名片 现就读于浙江大学15级电气工程及其自动化专业，高考英语成绩145分

其实英语学习还是可以很轻松的，只要你掌握正确的战略战术。

所谓战略即是宏观角度，意思就是让你放弃刚开始对英语持有的畏惧，不要早早地把自己判成英语学渣，然后在埋怨中大把地挥霍学习时间，这是思想觉悟不够高的表现。

你吝啬自己对英语的喜爱，甚至讨厌她，最终带给你的只是英语的千疮百孔和一颗郁闷的心。所以，不妨去喜欢它。这样你会在不知不觉中多花几分钟，甚至几小时学习英语而不觉疲惫，效果当然事半功倍，成绩也会水涨船高。

喜欢英语这个话题很大，你的切入点可以很小。可以是想拥有一手perfect的英语硬笔书法，可以是想操一口fluent的英语腔，或者是想当一本knowledgable的英语活词典等等。

所谓战术即是微观角度，意思就是让你从细微之处掌握英语学习小技巧。我所谓的技巧具体而言就是厚积薄发。

厚积

不得不承认，语言科目的学习确实有语感这一说，可是归根结底这种语感之花还是要靠积累之水来滋润。

单词、词组就是铸建英语大楼的石砖瓦砾。

给自己定一个目标，每天背50个单词，第二天的50个单词由前一天的30个单词和20个新单词组成。这样单词就可以被反复记忆很多遍，深入脑海了。还有另外一个办法，把单词表上的释义蒙住，依次说出意思，不熟悉的单词便做上记号，这就是你需要多次记忆的单词。我相信，这样一遍遍地搜寻，书本上所有的单词都能成为你的囊中之物。当然你的词汇不能仅仅限于书本上的单词，做阅读时遇到不认识的词，你也应该记录下来并找时间记忆。

对于词组，英语词组确实比较繁多比较难记。我以前是这样做的，把同一个单词的所有词组整理在一起，编成自己的短语小册子，比如说，所有take开头的短语写在一起。这样会使词组比较有规律，降低我们记忆的难度。

快速轻松记忆单词的十种方法

第一大方法：通过发音背单词

同学们要掌握单词拼写与发音之间的规律，发好每一个音标，读准每一个单词;还可以把包含同一元音的单词归为一类(如mistake，change，pain，gain，amazing )集中操练，读起来朗朗上口，特别过瘾!通过发音背单词不但很快就能记住单词，更能练出地道发音!

第二大方法：跟着录音背单词

导致中国人背单词失败的最根本原因就是：发音不过关，单词读不准。所以一定要跟着标准的录音背单词。把音量开到最大，反复听录音并跟着大声朗读单词。这时候你的眼睛、耳朵、嘴巴全部用起来了，不断刺激大脑，印象也特别深刻!

第三大方法：“三最”狂读背单词

默默无闻 地背单词效果极其低下!一定要用 三最法 狂读狂背每个单词。背单词的时候，一定要做到最大声、最清晰、最快速。当你用 三最法 操练单词时，你的注意力会高度集中，记忆的效率会大大提高，你不仅记住了单词，还锻造了国际口腔肌肉!

第四大方法：分门别类背单词

英语中有很多单词属于同一类别，可以把同一类别的单词集中起来一起操练，从而大大提高单词记忆的效率。同学们可以自己动手，对本书的单词进行分门别类，抄在小纸条上或制成单词卡，然后集中轰炸、专门突破、分类记忆!

第五大方法：单词家族背单词

英语中有很多单词都有整个家族，名词、动词、形容词、副词，加上不同的前缀、后缀就有不同的词性变化、意思变化。要想彻底掌握一个单词，我们要做的就是：整个家族一锅端!家族内所有的单词全部消灭!通过单词家族可以大大提升背单词的效率。

第六大方法：零碎时间背单词

背单词不需要大段大段的整块时间。每天起床后、睡觉前、一日三餐前后、排队等车、上学放学路上、甚至上厕所的零碎时间都可以用来狂读狂背单词。请随身携带这本书，一有时间就疯狂朗读书中的单词，随时随地疯练，脱口而出!

第七大方法：同义反义背单词

看到一个单词的时候，可以联想到它的同义词或近义词，通过对比宾，掌握它们的用法;看到一个单词的时候，可以联想到它的反义词，一正一反，成双成对，让你一石二鸟，一箭双雕!用这种对比法来记忆单词，印象会更加深刻!

第八大方法：同声传译背单词

看着单词脱口而出它的中文意思，看着中文意思脱口而出这个单词。或者请你的同学说出单词，你立刻脱口而出中文意思;说单词的中文意思，你立刻脱口而出这个单词。通过中英文快速互译的方法背单词，效果特别好!同时还可以锻炼你的口译能力。

第九大方法：通过句子背单词

孤立地背单词只能是 背了记、忘了背、背了又忘 !所以，一定要通过实用的背单词。在句子中记单词才是有生命的单词，才能牢记单词的意思和用法，才能与之建立感情，才会让你刻骨铭心，永难忘怀!更重要的是，通过脱口而出句子来背单词，你不但在积累单词量，更在积累句子量!句子量比单词量更重要!

第十大方法：通过短文背单词

一篇短文里面包含了大量有用的单词和短语，通过背诵《奇速英语24个故事串记3500词汇》可以大面积地消灭单词!而且，在短文中你可以牢牢记住单词的意思和用法。更重要的是，通过背诵短文你能够大段大段地讲英语了，这才是我们学习英语的最终目的。

薄发

引用疯狂英语创始人李阳的例子，英语是要大声读出来的，大声的朗读会让你心口共振，从而印象更加深刻。标准的发音、流利的口语都离不开大声朗读，在早自习，当你写累了数理化的大题后，读一读英语也是一种很好的放松方式。有空的时候，可以跟着磁带读英语，这样既练习了听力，又能使你的发音更加标准。

做题是薄发的另一体现，一肚子英语墨水总要有个倾泻口。做题是检查你短板的最好方法，哪里不好就要补哪里。某个语法没搞明白，那就拿几十道题来做，一定要把它搞定。而对于阅读，那更是少不了做题了，一天至少要刷三篇阅读，让自己保持着做阅读的感觉。这种感觉是很重要的，直到高考前几天也不能放弃。

最后我想说，技巧是其次，积极的学习态度和平稳的学习心态才是学习的关键。不只是英语，任何一个科目都是这样。不因为一次考试成绩高而狂喜、低而自卑，踏踏实实走好每一步，不因考试而中断，认清考试之于学习的真正含义，拒绝唯分数论!

关于英语写作

作者 马丽娜

名片 毕业于镇海中学，现就读于北京大学化学与分子工程学院，2013年理科全省第70名，高考英语140+

三年的高中生活给自己印象最深的并不是最后的结果，而是在追求目标慢慢提升自己的过程中得到的成就感。它会给你自信，给你自我肯定，相信只要踏踏实实，找对方法，就可以得到改善，达到想要的高度。在这里，跟大家分享一个我自己的故事。

高中头两年并没有意识到自己的英语作文水平有多渣，毕竟所占的分值较小，总共10分而已。然而一到高三，30分的作文一下子将自己的弱势暴露出来（新高考作文分值上升为40分了）。每次模拟考后，英语老师都会把22、23分好的作文展示给全班同学，当时多么希望自己的作文有一天也可以被写进老师的ppt中。然而现实却是，每次只有18、19的得分。最受刺激的是一次普通的日常模拟考，在前面客观题扣分全班最少的情况下，还是因为作文拉后腿，与最有可能的一次第一失之交臂。在此之前，每次作文得分低，我总会安慰自己没有发挥好，并不是水平低，下次一定可以写好。而在此之后，我不得不面对现实，承认英语写作的不足，决心弥补上这个漏斗。

于是，每次英语老师的作文展示课件我都会下载下来，一遍遍的分析并学习其中的优秀作文，将好词好句摘录下来。并且经常去翻看自己抄录的佳句，甚至将它们背诵下来。也会询问一些作文好的同学英语写作的方法。在做英语阅读题时，不仅仅是要提高阅读题的正确率，在完成阅读问题后，将文中值得学习的语句摘录到准备的本子上。另外，周末的时候会选择五年高考三年模拟上的一个作文题进行练习，尽量用到自己所学的一些句子与短语，争取在30分钟内完成，之后一遍遍地修改，考虑换用更好的表达方式。周一上学的时候还可以拿给英语老师批改，询问修改意见。

同时，由于写作是一个主观题，卷面非常重要，因此我还开始练习单词的书写，虽然不能在短时间内将自己的书写水平提高一个层次，但是可以根据老师欣赏的字体进行学习并总结。譬如，个人认为在写作的时候，将每个字母写的清晰，每一个圈儿尽量画标准，而不是潦草的一笔带过，每个单词之间留有适当的间距，这样写出来的文章依旧可以给人留下一个认真踏实的印象。

当然，在刚开始的时候可能看不到成效，甚至觉得自己付出了努力依旧没有得到回报，尤其是在询问老师自己的作文得分时，得到的是与上次作文相同的答案，沮丧是难免的。但心态很重要，我始终相信，如果真的想要做成某件事，只要自己付出的努力足够多，最终一定可以实现。学习，智力是一方面，但是更重要的是意念，相信自己可以学好的信念。在刚开始背诵作文摘录本上的句子或者短语时，会出现这样的情况：已经背出了，但是在考试写作的时候一片空白，毫无头绪，想不起背诵过的内容，更别提应用了。这其实是看得还不够多，练得还不够熟练的原因。其实在背诵的时候可以适当思考该短语或句子可以用在哪种情况下。熟能生巧，自有其道理。

故事的结局应该可以猜到，在努力积累一段时间后，老师展示的ppt上开始出现自己的名字，直至几乎每次都有，甚至是最高分。

其实，高中每一篇英语作文都是有“套路可循”。开头、过渡、对比对照、原因、举例论证、预测趋势、建议措施、承接转折、总结论点、文章结尾这几个方面几乎涵盖了所有的文章得分点。

学会了这10大黄金句式，再也不怕作文不会写，高分手到擒来！

一、文章开头句式

1. When asked whether it is advisable to look for friends online, different people may have different things to say, but personally I don’t think it is wise to do so.

2. Here comes the question: should universities allow students to live off campus? My answer is positive, for indeed there are several advantages of off-campus living compared with dorm living.

3. Nowadays chatting online is growing in popularity among the youth. Some get fun; some get friends; some even get fame. However, we should not let these benefits blind us to the problems it may pose.

二、过渡概括句式

1. When it comes to the problem of homesickness, here are a few tips for freshmen.

【扩展】As far as …is concerned/ As for…，＋主句

2. As the “imported” festivals become hot, our own native festive occasions is on the decline.

3. Before answering this question, I want to remind you of a story of ancient China… This story simply proves the importance of teamwork: united, we succeed; divided, we fail.

三、对比和对照句式

1. Some hold that this experience would give them the edge in future competition after graduation, while others argue that it might hinder their academic pursuit.

2. Different from selling our own belongings in the flea market, running a shop requires careful consideration and preparation in many aspects.

3. At college, our main task is to acquire knowledge; our main trial is to do well in various exams. But at work people are expected to shoulder much more responsibility.

四、说明原因句式

1. The main reasons why I am not in favor of making friends online are as follows.

2. The first reason to avoid comparing yourself with others is it makes you unhappy.

3. Being aware of their parents’ financial difficulty, they used various means to support themselves and managed to save every penny they could for the family.

五、举例论证句式

1. Ambition may well serve as a catalyst activating dormant potentials. …A case in point is Ms Zhang Haidi, the Chinese Helen Keller.

2. Take Liu Xiang for example, who won the gold medal in the 110 meters hurdles of the 2004 Olympics, which had been the first gold medal for Asians in the Olympic track and field.

【扩展】Let me cite …as an example./ A good example is that…

3. It means my success is your failure. If I obtain my goal, then you don’t obtain yours. It is best exemplified by a match in which individuals or teams strive against each other to obtain a goal that only one can ultimately achieve, such as a tennis or football game.

六、预测趋势句式

1. In fact, the development of both Internet technologies and web-based education has made it convincing that one day online learning may replace the traditional classroom teaching.

2. The advantages of online learning compared with classroom teaching make the substitution of the latter by the former almost inevitable.

3. Because of its advantages in creating a virtual but realistic classroom, and providing diversity, convenience and freedom, online education is quickly taking in many territories that once belonged to traditional classroom teaching. In a certain sense, it can be said that online education came, has seen and will conquer.

七、建议措施句式

1. Though learning can be made interesting, it is not play in essence and we should take each class seriously. Thus, there are some dos and don’ts for us to help a class go smoothly.

2. Besides, to minimize students’ possibility to substitute others’ works for their own, several simple strategies can be followed in designing writing assignments.

【扩展】Besides, to release academic pressure, you can take the following suggestions into account.

To prevent these from happening and to travel smoothly on the information superhighway, you should observe some basic rules of netiquette.

3. Maybe you are perplexed about how to get rid of it and enjoy a more pleasant and rich college life? Here are my opinions about how to cope with financial, academic and emotional problems.

【扩展】When it comes to the problem of… here are a few tips for…

八、承接转折句式

1. Of course there is some truth in those complaints. Nevertheless, with regard to the future development for both employers and employees, advantages will far outweigh disadvantages during a job interview.

【扩展】There is some truth in…, but…/There’s an element of truth in… but …/There’s a great deal of truth in what they say, but …

2. It is true that interview benefits both the employer and employee in many cases, but, in my opinion, it does not always work because of its time limit, the subjectivity in decision-making and high additional expenditure it brings to job applicants.

3. Admittedly, looking good does have real advantages in some occasions like finding a job or spouse, but plastic surgery alone cannot change our life.

九、总结论点句式

1. In my view, effective measures are called for to solve the problem. First, it should be made clear to the whole society that Chinese is one indispensable part of our culture and race. Second, schools should attach more importance to the teaching of Chinese. Third, students should enhance their awareness of the importance of mastering their mother tongue.

2. Personally, I believe that both sides have something right, so we should not go to extremes. On the one hand, we have to admit that a well-designed name can help a person to some extent. On the other hand, we should not exaggerate the effect of a name on a person’s fate.

3. From the factors mentioned above, we may safely draw the conclusion that we can free ourselves from mental illness by taking certain precautions. For example, if you have pains or puzzles in mind, finding a friend to express these is a good way to release pressure.

十、文章结尾句式

1. Addressing these issues is not a luxury that can be postponed until a more convenient time. It is a short step from dishonesty in schools and colleges to dishonesty in business.

2. Only when we treat plagiarism as seriously as it deserves to be treated, will we accomplish the first step toward the elimination of various forms of unethical academic behaviors on our campuses.

3. To sum up, ambition can benefit us tremendously if wisely and correctly channeled, otherwise it may ruin others and ourselves.一、文章开头句式

1. When asked whether it is advisable to look for friends online, different people may have different things to say, but personally I don’t think it is wise to do so.

2. Here comes the question: should universities allow students to live off campus? My answer is positive, for indeed there are several advantages of off-campus living compared with dorm living.

3. Nowadays chatting online is growing in popularity among the youth. Some get fun; some get friends; some even get fame. However, we should not let these benefits blind us to the problems it may pose.

二、过渡概括句式

1. When it comes to the problem of homesickness, here are a few tips for freshmen.

【扩展】As far as …is concerned/ As for…，＋主句

2. As the “imported” festivals become hot, our own native festive occasions is on the decline.

3. Before answering this question, I want to remind you of a story of ancient China… This story simply proves the importance of teamwork: united, we succeed; divided, we fail.

三、对比和对照句式

1. Some hold that this experience would give them the edge in future competition after graduation, while others argue that it might hinder their academic pursuit.

2. Different from selling our own belongings in the flea market, running a shop requires careful consideration and preparation in many aspects.

3. At college, our main task is to acquire knowledge; our main trial is to do well in various exams. But at work people are expected to shoulder much more responsibility.

四、说明原因句式

1. The main reasons why I am not in favor of making friends online are as follows.

2. The first reason to avoid comparing yourself with others is it makes you unhappy.

3. Being aware of their parents’ financial difficulty, they used various means to support themselves and managed to save every penny they could for the family.

五、举例论证句式

1. Ambition may well serve as a catalyst activating dormant potentials. …A case in point is Ms Zhang Haidi, the Chinese Helen Keller.

2. Take Liu Xiang for example, who won the gold medal in the 110 meters hurdles of the 2004 Olympics, which had been the first gold medal for Asians in the Olympic track and field.

【扩展】Let me cite …as an example./ A good example is that…

3. It means my success is your failure. If I obtain my goal, then you don’t obtain yours. It is best exemplified by a match in which individuals or teams strive against each other to obtain a goal that only one can ultimately achieve, such as a tennis or football game.

六、预测趋势句式

1. In fact, the development of both Internet technologies and web-based education has made it convincing that one day online learning may replace the traditional classroom teaching.

2. The advantages of online learning compared with classroom teaching make the substitution of the latter by the former almost inevitable.

3. Because of its advantages in creating a virtual but realistic classroom, and providing diversity, convenience and freedom, online education is quickly taking in many territories that once belonged to traditional classroom teaching. In a certain sense, it can be said that online education came, has seen and will conquer.

七、建议措施句式

1. Though learning can be made interesting, it is not play in essence and we should take each class seriously. Thus, there are some dos and don’ts for us to help a class go smoothly.

2. Besides, to minimize students’ possibility to substitute others’ works for their own, several simple strategies can be followed in designing writing assignments.

【扩展】Besides, to release academic pressure, you can take the following suggestions into account.

To prevent these from happening and to travel smoothly on the information superhighway, you should observe some basic rules of netiquette.

3. Maybe you are perplexed about how to get rid of it and enjoy a more pleasant and rich college life? Here are my opinions about how to cope with financial, academic and emotional problems.

【扩展】When it comes to the problem of… here are a few tips for…

八、承接转折句式

1. Of course there is some truth in those complaints. Nevertheless, with regard to the future development for both employers and employees, advantages will far outweigh disadvantages during a job interview.

【扩展】There is some truth in…, but…/There’s an element of truth in… but …/There’s a great deal of truth in what they say, but …

2. It is true that interview benefits both the employer and employee in many cases, but, in my opinion, it does not always work because of its time limit, the subjectivity in decision-making and high additional expenditure it brings to job applicants.

3. Admittedly, looking good does have real advantages in some occasions like finding a job or spouse, but plastic surgery alone cannot change our life.

九、总结论点句式

1. In my view, effective measures are called for to solve the problem. First, it should be made clear to the whole society that Chinese is one indispensable part of our culture and race. Second, schools should attach more importance to the teaching of Chinese. Third, students should enhance their awareness of the importance of mastering their mother tongue.

2. Personally, I believe that both sides have something right, so we should not go to extremes. On the one hand, we have to admit that a well-designed name can help a person to some extent. On the other hand, we should not exaggerate the effect of a name on a person’s fate.

3. From the factors mentioned above, we may safely draw the conclusion that we can free ourselves from mental illness by taking certain precautions. For example, if you have pains or puzzles in mind, finding a friend to express these is a good way to release pressure.

十、文章结尾句式

1. Addressing these issues is not a luxury that can be postponed until a more convenient time. It is a short step from dishonesty in schools and colleges to dishonesty in business.

2. Only when we treat plagiarism as seriously as it deserves to be treated, will we accomplish the first step toward the elimination of various forms of unethical academic behaviors on our campuses.

3. To sum up, ambition can benefit us tremendously if wisely and correctly channeled, otherwise it may ruin others and ourselves.

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