Soil & tillage research：不同耕作方式下秸秆还田后其空间分布的评价|研究

导  读

华中农业大学工学院夏俊芳教授团队以稻茬秸秆田为研究对象，进行了普通旋耕机（TR）、课题组研制的秸秆旋埋还田机（SR）及深松+秸秆旋埋还田机（SSR）三种机型的秸秆还田试验研究，提出了一种秸秆还田空间分布效果检测的方法。相关成果发表于Soil & tillage research（IF=4.675）。

来源：农业环境科学公号（2019年12月22日）

华中农业大学工学院夏俊芳教授团队以稻茬秸秆田为研究对象，进行了普通旋耕机（TR）、课题组研制的秸秆旋埋还田机（SR）及深松+秸秆旋埋还田机（SSR）三种机型的秸秆还田试验研究，提出了一种秸秆还田空间分布效果检测的方法。相关成果发表于Soil & tillage research（IF=4.675）。

Highlights

•Three tillage tools were used to compare the effects of straw incorporation.

•The spatial distribution of straw in soil was quantified and visualized.

•TR had a low effect on straw cutting and straw incorporation.

•SR and SSR had more advantages in improving the uniformity of straw distribution in soil.

Abstract

Straw incorporation into the soil can effectively solve the problem of extra harvested crop residues on the surface. However, due to the lack of research on the spatial distribution effects of straw in the soil after incorporation, it is difficult to evaluate the actual straw incorporation effects of tillage tools. In this study, straw incorporation experiments were conducted via three types of tillage tools in rice stubble fields: a traditional rotary tiller (TR), a straw rotary burying and returning machine (SR) developed by our research group, and a subsoiling + straw rotary burying and returning machine (SSR). The same operating parameters, such as working speed and tillage depth, were used in the experiments. The spatial distribution of straw after tillage tool operation was measured and compared by a measuring device developed for straw three-dimensional coordinates. The results showed that after TR operation, the cutting effect on the straw was poor; more straw was left on the surface and less straw was buried into the lower layer of the tillage depth compared to SR and SSR; the average length of straw in the divided cells was small; and there were many cells without straw. Compared with that of TR, the straw average length of SR and SSR decreased by 48.2% and 52.7%, respectively. Only a small amount of straw remained on the surface. The proportion of straw in the lower layer of the tillage depth increased by 154.9% and 214.1%, the average straw length in cells increased by 114.9% and 98.6%, and the number of cells without straw decreased by 40.2% and 36.0%, respectively. On the whole, SR and SSR had more advantages for straw cutting and straw incorporation into the soil, and SSR could bury more straw into the soil of the lower layer. Therefore, for fields with excessive residue concerns, the SSR was the most desirable tillage tool.

土壤耕作是农业生产中最早进行的环节，也是最重要的农业技术操作之一。耕作令土壤松动，结构发生变化，是对土壤、杂草和秸秆残茬的一次综合处理，目的是为作物播种准备良好的种床条件。秸秆是一种天然的有机肥，因而秸秆还田可有效降低化肥的使用量。研究表明，秸秆还田可以显著减少温室气体的排放，增加土壤有机质的含量，提高土壤酶活性，改善土壤团聚体结构。秸秆还田后秸秆与土壤的混合程度难以描述和观测。因此，难以评估耕作工具作业后在土壤中的真实秸秆还田效果。以往的研究主要集中于在单位面积土壤上掺入定量秸秆，或耕作过程中秸秆残茬的移动规律，并没有足够的数据来深入了解土壤耕作后秸秆掺入土壤的均匀程度。

该项研究以稻茬秸秆田为研究对象，进行了普通旋耕机（TR）、课题组研制的秸秆旋埋还田机（SR）及深松+秸秆旋埋还田机（SSR）三种机型的秸秆还田试验研究。为实现对耕作土壤中秸秆分布的测量，设计了一种秸秆三维坐标测量装置，包括数显角度尺，数显深度尺，和数显标尺。该装置可通过测量秸秆两个端点的空间坐标来确定整根秸秆的空间位置。将所获得的所有秸秆坐标导入三维绘图软件中生成秸秆的三维立体图。由此，秸秆的空间位置在绘图软件中被还原，秸秆在土壤中的分布状态在绘图软件中可视化及量化显示。结果表明，TR作业后秸秆的切断效果不好，地表残留了较多秸秆，并且在耕作深度的下层埋入秸秆较少，划分的单元格内秸秆平均长度较小，没有秸秆的单元格较多。与TR相比，SR和SSR作业后的秸秆平均长度分别减小了48.2%和52.7%，地表仅残留了少量秸秆，在耕作深度的下层秸秆占比分别增加了154.9%和214.1%，单元格内的秸秆平均长度分别增加了114.9%和98.6%，没有秸秆的单元格数量分别减小了40.2%和36.0%。总体而言，SR和SSR在秸秆切断和秸秆掺入土壤方面更具优势，且SSR可以将更多的秸秆埋入下层土壤。

原文链接，请点击阅读原文

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167198719306038

荐   书

“土壤家”近期文章推荐

“环境与健康观察”近期文章推荐

“土壤观察”近期文章推荐

我们是“土壤观察”（turangguancha），感谢您的阅读！

欢迎关注，欢迎分享到朋友圈或转发给好友,长按二维码，识别关注我们

联系我们请加13926117407微信号（或发邮件至[e-mail]）

如果觉得土壤观察干得不错，请转发朋友圈或点击“在看”