朝鲜 “非遗” 知多少

（English version below）

目前，中国共有39项非物质文化遗产被列入了联合国教科文组织的《人类非物质文化遗产代表名录》（以下简称《非遗名录》），例如二十四节气、中国珠算、昆曲等都是中国非遗的代表。尽管它们可能并非是“物质”的（它们不可被直接触及），却是文化遗产的重要组成部分。那么，大家知不知道朝鲜有哪些非遗入选了《非遗名录》呢？

社区泡菜制作 / Communal kimchi making ©Korea National Heritage Preservation Agency, 2013

自2008年正式批准加入联合国教科文组织 2003《保护非物质文化遗产公约》（《公约》）以来，朝鲜一直在努力保护那些支撑和见证其文化认同的珍贵遗产。朝鲜目前已有两项非遗正式列入《非遗名录》，分别是2014年入选的朝鲜传统民谣《阿里郎》和2015年入选的朝鲜泡菜制作传统。同时，朝鲜还将110项非遗列入了国家级和省级非遗清单。

朝鲜泡菜制作传统 / Tradition of kimchi-making in DPRK ©National Cultural Property Information Technology Exchange Agency of DPRK, 2013

然而，朝鲜和很多其它国家仍然缺乏有效执行《公约》的能力。教科文组织希望通过全球非遗能力建设战略，来弥补这一缺失，并为相关方提供足够的技能和知识，以便为非遗保护制定可持续框架。

培训工作坊 / Training Workshop ©National Authority for the Protection of Cultural Heritage of DPRK

9月26日至10月3日，联合国教科文组织驻华代表处在朝鲜平壤举办了“以社区为基础的非遗清点和提名文件培训工作坊”，来自平壤和朝鲜九个省市地区的24人参加了此次培训。这是首个由教科文组织区域办事处和成员国合办，并由非遗基金资助的项目，旨在为朝鲜提供综合的、可持续的协助，使得当地政府和社区能够确立、推广及传承非遗。

朝鲜跨代非遗传承 / Intergenerational ICH transmission efforts in DPRK ©National Authority for the Protection of Cultural Heritage of DPRK

这次培训工作坊做了什么呢？

• 加强了参与者准备《非遗名录》提名文件的能力，例如，与其他国家联合提名，如何把非遗列入《急需保护的非物质文化遗产名录》，还有将可持续发展和包容性方法纳入提名的重要性；

• 更新参与者对非遗清点方法技术的了解；

• 实习：在社区进行实际清点练习，包括走访高丽青瓷、朝鲜绘画、传统舞蹈和乐器伽倻琴的传承者。

• 之后将在朝鲜部分试点省份进行基于社区的非遗清点培训，重点是豆瓣酱制作传统和长鼓舞。

在社区进行非遗清点练习 / Field practicum ©National Authority for the Protection of Cultural Heritage of DPRK

定于今年11月召开的保护非物质文化遗产政府间委员会第十三届会议，将审议是否将朝鲜摔跤列入《非遗名录》。

Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) in DPRK

At present, there are 39 elements from China that have been inscribed in UNESCO’s Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (Representative List), such as the 24th Solar Terms, Chinese Zhusuan, and Kunqu Opera. While these may not be tangible – they cannot be touched – they are a very important part of our cultural heritage. So, do you know what elements from Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) have been inscribed in the Representative List?

Since the ratification of the 2003 UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (Convention) in 2008, DPRK has been striving to safeguard and promote its invaluable heritage as a pillar and testimony of its Korean identity. It has already successfully nominated two elements to the Representative List – traditional kimchi-making (2015) and Arirang folk singing (2014), and has included 110 elements in the national and provincial inventories. 

However, lacking of capacity to implement the Convention effectively is still a challenge to DPRK and many other countries. UNESCO, through its global capacity-building strategy for Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH), intends to fill the gap and provide concerned stakeholders with adequate skills and knowledge in order to develop sustainable frameworks for ICH safeguarding. 

From 26 September to 3 October, UNESCO Beijing Cluster Office organized the Training Workshop on Community-Based Inventorying of ICH and Elaborating Nomination Files in Pyongyang, DPRK, aiming at providing integrated and sustainable support to DPRK to allow authorities and communities to enact and transmit ICH over time. 24 participants from Pyongyang and nine provinces/municipalities took part in the training, which is the first of its kind in the framework of an International Assistance project jointly implemented by a Member State and a UNESCO Field Office with the financial support from the Intangible Cultural Heritage Fund. 

What did we do at the training workshop?

• Strengthening the capacities of participants in preparing nomination files for the Representative List, for instance, joint nominations with other countries, how to inscribe elements in the urgent safeguarding list, and the importance of integrating sustainable development and inclusive approaches in nominations; 

• Refreshing participants’ knowledge on ICH inventorying methodologies and techniques.

• Field practicum: practical community-based inventorying exercise, including interviewing practitioners of Koryo celadon, Korean painting, traditional dance and musical instrument kayagum.

• A pilot community-based inventorying exercise will be conducted later in selected provinces of DPRK, focusing on the elements of fermented bean paste making traditions and Janggo dance.

In the upcoming November, the element Ssirum (wrestling) from DPRK will be examined at the 13th Session of the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of ICH for inscription on the Representative List.